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AMERICAN PRESIDENCY 1 American Presidency Author Affiliation Course Professor’s Due Date
AMERICAN PRESIDENCY 2 The process of the selection of the American president occurs through the general election process and the presidential nomination. The presidential nomination and the general election process, however, do not lead to the choosing of the candidates on the basis of effectiveness and governing; rather, they are skewed towards the nuances. The reform in the nomination process altered significantly the process with the focus being on the caucuses and primary, leading politicians to adopt populist approaches in the process. The radical viewpoints in the campaigning process result in the diversion from the individual candidate's qualities and can make a challenge for the Presidents who win to be able to fulfill their organizational responsibilities. The election and nomination process are not effective in the determining the qualities of the presidents and their ability to govern, The nature of the reforms of the election is shaped by the stances the candidates choose during the election. Candidates must truly appeal to all sections of the country, as noted by Greenstein (2009), rather than focusing on gaining the approval of party insiders, which had been the goal of the previous nominations. This wider appeal is in line with the present nomination process's wider focus, which encompasses a variety of demographics, geographical regions, and political affiliations (Greenstein, 2009). As such, the candidates work to shape their policy agenda to be reflective of the broader demographics and ideologies that make up the nation. However, the nature of the highly divisive elections chosen by the candidates in the election process affects their ability to develop an effective governing coalition. Even though the public now has the authority to nominate presidents, these revised procedures may lead to political impasse and increased polarization, making it challenging for presidents who are nominated to lead while in office—especially if their campaigns were marked by extreme or ideologically driven positions (Nelson, 2021). Following revisions, grassroots voters are now nominated. A
AMERICAN PRESIDENCY 3 candidate for the Presidency must directly appeal to a wider audience that spans a wider spectrum of demographic and ideological viewpoints (Nelson, 2021). The primary audience's decision to alter who becomes the presidential nominee has had a significant impact on how contenders seek nominations (Hamilton & Madison, 1788a ). Candidates today adopt positions and employ strategies that appeal to a wider spectrum of people in order to get their nominations (Nelson, 2021). In order to win over voters in crucial primary states, candidates wage intense campaigns, which has led to a rise in populist and ideologically driven campaigns (Greenstein, 2009; Nelson, 2021). For a new president to be effective to govern effectively after the election, they should make some concessions for the other party. While each party has to maintain its unique identity, the president should facilitate the collaboration of which reforms are essential to ensure the governing of the parties together ( Hamilton & Madison, 1788b). The presidency has to gather the support of Congress by making various concessions to enable the fulfillment of its agenda (Hamilton & Madison, 1788c). Presidents need various personal qualities and skills so that they can lead effectively. According to Greenstein (2009), various skills are needed by a president to be effective in office, including efficacy as a public communicator, organizational capacity, political skill, policy vision, cognitive style, and emotional intelligence. According to Greenstein's (2009) analysis of the different presidents in the U.S., they varied widely according to the skills they possessed and how they chose to utilize the skills during their tenure. For example, he indicates that while Reagan was very effective as a public communicator, he was indicated to have some cognitive limitations since, at times, he needed a better understanding of the policy initiatives during his tenure. According to Greenstein's analysis, there needs to be an adequate representation of the different skills among presidents who have governed the U.S. He indicates that some skills are
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AMERICAN PRESIDENCY 4 not found in modern presidents, particularly public oratory (Greenstein, 2009). Greenstein indicates that skills are widely present in the individuals who are able to achieve American Presidency (Greenstein, 2009). The nature of the electoral process and the nomination process could be more effective in the evaluation of the different candidates for their governing skills and other needed attributes ( Nelson, 2021). The reforms in the nomination process resulted in the altering of the skill set that was needed for the successful conducting of campaigns, with the emphasis being on rhetoric, message, and media control (Nelson, 2021). While this approach is useful as it enhances the probability of the candidate winning, it is divisive and shapes public opinion. As such, it is not the most effective approach in the choice of the candidates who have the best skillset and abilities to govern (Greenstein, 2009). Additionally, the nomination process makes it difficult to choose the best candidate for the party. The dominance of party insiders has created serious flaws in the presidential candidate selection process as well. In the invisible primaries, where endorsements and contributions serve as the primary indicators of a candidate's sustainability, party leaders have a big say (Greenstein, 2009; Nelson, 2021). Candidates are unable to utilize party infrastructure during the primaries, so they must raise all of the money themselves. This gives candidates with established party reputations an edge and makes it more difficult for less well-known contenders to enter the race (Nelson, 2021). Due to this development, it is now extremely challenging for underfunded or barely recognized candidates to acquire traction in early battles. More deserving candidates may be eliminated from the presidential contest as a consequence, despite the fact that this highlights the significance of the early states in setting the tone for the whole nomination process. As such, the election and nomination process, to the least extent, focuses on the skills and governing capabilities of a candidate.
AMERICAN PRESIDENCY 5 References Greenstein, F. (2009). The presidential difference leadership style from FDR to Barack Obama (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press. Hamilton, & Madison. (1788a). The Federalist Papers: No. 51: The structure of the government must furnish the proper checks and balances between the different departments. Hamilton, & Madison. (1788b). The Federalist Papers: No. 57: The alleged tendency of the new plan to elevate the few at the expense of the many considered in connection with representation from the New York packet. Hamilton, & Madison. (1788c). The Federalist Papers: No. 69: The Real Character of the Executive From the New York Packet. Nelson, M. (2021). The Presidency and the Political System (12th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Cq Press, An Imprint Of Sage Publications, Inc.