Understanding Federalism in the United States Government

Essay on United States Government and Federalism Over the last two centuries the United States has grappled with the idea of federalism. While former President James Madison had a very concrete understanding of that form of governance, "In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments" (Madison, 1788, p. 67), the United States has never had a conclusive division of power between the state and the US Federal Governments. Instead of definitive spheres of governance as Madison envisioned, over the years the US Federal Government has played an increasingly important role in state matters. Beyond changes in the balance of power between ...show more content... This case established the precedent that the United States Federal Government could dictate the countries monetary policies. More importantly, during this period the supremacy of federal law over state law was established with the Nullification Crisis of 1832. The ensuing conflict established the precedent that the states did not have the right to judge the constitutionality of acts of Congress. It was not until the American Civil War and the resulting defeat of the Confederate States of America that the supremacy of the US Federal Government in legislative and economic matters was established. Between the conclusion of the American Civil War and the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the United States entered a period of definitive dual federalism. During this period "fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments, with the states exercising the most important powers" (Lowi & Ginsberg & Shepsle & Ansolabehere, 2010, p. 73). While the US Federal Government left a majority of the decision making up to the states, unlike before the Civil War, the supremacy of the Federal Government was no longer in question. Although the government did establish various national standards during this period, it did little to enforce compliance on the state level. For example, little was done to enforce the implementation of the 15th amendment at the state Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Federalism Essay Federalism The Constitution of the United States was drafted at a time when our country was in dire need of many answers to political and social questions. In addition to many other things, the drafters of the Constitution were concerned with solidifying our central government and the Constitution was intended to provide a solid structure from which our burgeoning nation could grow. The Constitution gave explicit powers to the federal government and provided the states with the Tenth Amendment which states ,"Powers not delegated to the United States , nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states respectively…" Of the enumerated powers given to the federal government by the Constitution, the interpretation of the ...show more content... Dual Federalism also relies on the notion that in a court of law, the Tenth Amendment gives the states enough support to declare unconstitutional any act of the national government that infringes on the reserved powers given to the states. Cooperative Federalism provides an entirely different view of the relationship between the federal and state governments. Federal supremacy is the hallmark of this ideology. Supporters of the cooperative federalist view prefer to employ a broad interpretation of the Constitution. The legal basis on which cooperative federalism has been argued is threefold: (1) Enumerated powers (e.g. Commerce Clause) should be interpreted in light of an expansive Necessary and Proper Clause (2) The Supremacy Clause, as prescribed in Article 6, paragraph 2, gives federal actions supremacy over state laws when made in pursuance of the Constitution and when they are made using implied and enumerated powers (3) The Tenth Amendment does not give states the power to contest federal laws. To suggest that that these two ideologies are contradictory is an understatement. To understand which theory best identifies with the correct interpretation of the Constitution, it is necessary to understand the circumstances that created the necessity for a Constitution and the political circumstances that motivated decisions contrary to the correct interpretation of the Constitution. The Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism Essay Federalism Federalism is a system of government that divides power between a national government and a regional government with the use of a constitution. Throughout the United States history, federalism has played a significant role in the constitution and the system of government adopted by the United States of America. Federalism has also changed throughout the course of America's history to fit the constitution and the government. Montesquieu was a French philosopher who was very important in the American constitutional thought. He was a man who was referred to more that any other theoretical writer and wrote, "The Spirit of the Laws." Some of Montesquie's theories or views were that the Republic form of government was only ...show more content... He also believed that a right is of two kinds–– power and property. Hume was a man that was lead by the influence of John Locke and George Berkeley. Hume also believed that we should just keep and improve our ancient governments; hence, we prevent any new radical forms of government. Federalism was incorporated in the constitution for many different reasons. One of the main reasons federalism was added was to prevent the new form of government in the United States after the Articles of Confederation of abusing its powers. Under federalism, state governments and the national governments would have specific limit, and rights. Some of the limits and rights on the national government were the right of habeus corpus, and control of interstate commerce. States could not tax imports and exports, could not impair obligation of contracts. Federalism was created to ensure both separate governments certain privileges. The Framers of the Constitution believed that the competition between both of the governments would create an effective limitation on each governments power. The Federalist Papers, numbers forty–five and forty–six, were written by James Madison and supported some of the ideas of federalism in them. In Federalist Papers 45, Madison wrote about "The Alleged Danger from the Powers of the Union to the State Governments." Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Reflection Paper On Federalism Also, think about how federalism and the U.S. Congress have affected or will affect your life. The federal structure ensures that there is a clear line between local, state, and federal government regulations, policies, and oversight–sometimes! Think about how federal statutes affect your work or will affect your work in the future. Does Congress have oversight of any of the processes or products in your workplace? Do the government regulations, policies, and oversight sometimes conflict with local or state regulations, policies, and oversight? Write: As you reflect on the information you learned this week, write in your journal, based on your current major and/or desired job, two detailed paragraphs about the following: How a federal policy affects your current or desired workplace. The Founding Father's created a government structure that affects almost every aspect of our lives even today. Federalism is a term that describes the U.S. system of divine power and authority, derived from the people, between the national and state governments, according to American Government. My major is Bachelor of Arts in Human Resource Management but I am currently working as a part–time cashier for Aramark on Old Dominion University campus. Affordable Care Act (health care law) was created to expand access to coverage, control health care cost and improve health care quality and coordination, according to U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Affordable Care Act (2010) has affected my Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Essay On Cooperative Federalism Federalism is the power between the central and several regional governments. The history behind federalism is made out of half the National Government and the other half is made from the State ( Crouse, Kaitlyn. " Foundations of the American Government." October 2017. Powerpoint File). Federalism is the relationship between the government and the state,with terms and agreements to give to the people. The government has its own law and terms that have to be followed by everyone, but the state can make up its own laws that their residents have to follow. If you break a state law you can't go to federal prison. If you break a government law, then it is up to the supreme judge if they want to put you in federal prison. Dual Federalism is the same thing as federalism, but it has no interference from the federal government. The history that comes from dual federalism is that in the twentieth century, the supreme court had a discussion of the American federal laws, and their powers ( Compton, John W. "Easing the Shoe Where It Pinches: The Lottery Case and the Demise of Dual Federalism." Journal of Supreme Court History, vol. 40, ...show more content... Cooperative Federalism is also a act for clean air and that the act is against polluted air, and trying to protect the people with this clean air act ( Knoop, Nicholas. "Cooperative Federalism and Visibility Protection under the Clean Air Act." Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, vol. 43, 2016 Supplement, pp. 1–13). The cooperative act tells you about the the ways we can go about the clean air, and how we the people, can help with this act. The time period of the cooperative federalism started in the early 2000s, and it started because of the effects it was causing to people all around the United States , and some of our Islands. They started it because they were in desperate need of some help with health Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Powers Of National-State Governments Federalism: Powers of National and State Governments Reference: http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/rightsandfreedoms/a/federalism.htm The US Constitution is a well formed set of rules that makes a government. The Constitution gives the federal government control to deal with issues containing to the whole US, while the states only have the power to control what happens in that particular state. All the rules set by a government must fall within the US Constitution. Both the national and state governments have different powers. The national government can make money, declare war, make agreements with foreign governments, and make laws containing to the country. The state governments can make local governments, run elections, give out certain licenses, Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Essay on Why Framers Chose Federalism Introduction: Federalism is a system of government that divides governing power and authority between the national governments and the state governments (Bowman). In 1787, the framers of the constitution chose this specific type of government to rule over the United States. I will show you that the framers chose this system of government for several different types of reasons. Reasons are because the national government was not strong enough, to maintain the states sovereignty , and it will protect individual liberty. I will also show you how the 10th Amendment, Concurrent Powers, and Block Grants each apply to the federalist system of government. You will see why the framers chose Federalism and understand how Block Grants, Concurrent ...show more content... For example, Texas could not make a law forbidding women to vote, because the national government has said that it is a right for all citizens of this country. There are many laws that the states may have, there's traffic laws, criminal laws, property laws and many others. For example, Colorado is allowed to give the death penalty to someone who has committed a murder. Federalism made it so that the states were still able to do what they wanted to do, but with a little more control and organization. Protecting Individual Liberty Liberty is the condition of being free from restriction. It is the right to act, believe, or express oneself in a manner. The Framers of the constitution believed that any governmental power was a threat to our individual liberty, and that the exercise of governmental power should be restrained. They felt that to divide governmental power prevented the abusement of liberty. Since the powers is shared between the federal and state governments, it prevents either one of the governments from going corrupt and denying personal liberty. Federalism also protects the liberty of all persons within a State by ensuring that laws that are enacted in excess of delegated governmental power cannot direct or control their actions. Federalism: The 10th Amendment The 10th amendment is basically almost the meaning of federalism. This brief statement says "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Study Outline for Chapter 3: Federalism Study Outline Chapter 3: Federalism I. Governmental structure A. Federalism: good or bad? A.1. Definition: political system with local governmental units, in addition to national one, that can make final decisions A.2. Examples of federal governments: Canada, India, and Germany A.3. Examples of unitary governments: France, Great Britain, and Italy A.4. Special protection of subnational governments in federal system is the result of: A.4.a. Constitution of country A.4.b. Habits, preferences, and dispositions of citizens A.4.c. Distribution of political power in society A.5. National government largely does not govern individuals directly but gets states to do so in keeping with national policy A.6. Negative views: block ...show more content... Conditions of aid tell a state government what it must do to obtain grant money A.3.b. Mandates tell state governments what to do, in some instances even when they do not receive grant money B. B. Mandates B.1. Most concern civil rights and environmental protection B.2. Administrative and financial problems often result B.3. Growth in mandates, 1981 to 1991 B.4. Features of mandates B.4.a. Regulatory statutes and amendments of previous legislation B.4.b. New areas of federal involvement B.4.c. Considerable variation in clarity, administration, and costs B.5. 1Additional costs imposed on the states through: B.5.a. Federal tax and regulatory schemes B.5.b. Federal laws exposing states to financial liability B.6. 6. Federal courts have fueled the growth of mandates B.6.a. Interpretations of the Tenth Amendment have eased flow of mandates B.6.b. Court orders and prisons, school desegregation, busing, hiring practices, police brutality C. Conditions of aid C.1. Received by states voluntarily, in theory C.1.a. Financial dependence blurs the theory C.1.b. b. Civil rights generally the focus of most important conditions in the 1960's, a proliferation has continued since the 1970's C.1.c. c. Conditions range from specific to general C.2. 2. Divergent views of states and federal government on costs, benefits C.3. 3. Reagan's attempt to consolidate categorical grants; Congress's cooperation in name only C.4. Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Argumentative Essay On Constitutional Federalism Federalism is the system of government in which the United States and many other countries operate. . Federalism a system that involves compromising between the two extremes of Centralization and Decentralization. The system always has opposing sides pushing to get the balance more to their side of the spectrum. In the United States these forces are usually seen as Democrats and Republicans. I see the U.S. located on the spectrum of federalism much closer to Centralization than Decentralization. Currently, the Republican party has a majority in congress and a Republican President. Therefore, we have already seen those forces trying to put more power into the state's hands. Although it may seem cut and dry in the eyes of most Americans, it ...show more content... The Federal Government flows money to the state and local governments through a program called Grants in Aid. They use a system of Categorical and Block grants. Categorical has more strings attached and Block grants have little to no strings attached. In this process we see another aspect of Federalism called Intergovernmental Federalism. This is the ranking of how power flows through our government. It starts with the Federal Government following with the state government, then breaking down into smaller forms of local government. This is also how we see money flow throughout the government; there is specific grants for those lower on the power ranks such as school district grants. These systems show how it is important to have a strong Federal Government, as well as strong decentralized governments. The Federal Government has a major influence on what the states can do but, in some situations, they interact with each other to solve certain issues. This is called Horizontal Federalism and used when states make interactions with other states for the benefit of each state. Sometimes, the Federal Government has to intervene in certain interstate compacts to protect other states. An example of this would be federal guidelines for work on the Mississippi River, the upper states sometimes do work on the river at the same time which can lead to flooding at the lower parts of the river. To Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Essay On Federalism Federalism first enveloped during the time of American Civil War. It has evolved over the course of American history up until now. It was established because the people believe that the power of the government poses a threat to individual liberty thus it must be eradicate so the establishment of federal government was made. The role of federalism is to divide governmental power to territorial basis, between a central government and several regional governments, usually called states or provinces. Federalism allowed both the national and state government to have their own separate powers. The founding fathers of federalism was Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and George Washington they create a federal government because they wanted balance ...show more content... all these events played out over many decades, they reach their high points during the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt during 1933–1945. The national government become integrated with the state and local governments. State and local government administer many federal programs. This type of federalism is called cooperative federalism from the word cooperative, the state and local government and national government are helping each other so support their needs and to provide funds for their programs. After the cooperative federalism, the new federalism was established in 1969. The New Federalism was established because political leaders and scholars of the new federalism argues that the national government are taking all the power that should be divided to the states. 8 Although the national government remains extremely important, state government have regained some power. New Federalism was supported by Richard Nixon during his presidency in 1969–1974. And as time passed by many presidents began supporting the return of the power to the state and local government. however New Federalism has some Advantages and Disadvantages it appeals to people because it center its priority to emphasize the local and state government.9 After the revisions and reforms of federal government, it is now being used by other countries up until Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

Essay on Federalism Federalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. To many North Americans it seems to be the obvious choice for all world governments, but this is not the case. In all honesty, federalism is a fairly unique form of government. Out of approximately two hundred nations on the earth one hundred and eighty states practice unitary forms of government, leaving only twenty or so as federal nations (Winchester, 1999). Unitary forms of government consist of only one level of government. These are very popular in modern day politics as they are much cheaper to run and to maintain, while still fitting the needs of most countries. Examples of countries which use unitary governments include France, ...show more content... Federalism has a rich and influential history in North America as well as in many other parts of the world. While it is widely believed that federalism as a principle was the brainchild of the founding fathers of the United States of America, reference to federalism in an unrefined form was documented in the early 1600's. It was in this time period that the Jewish convenant in response to social and religious persecution created "a new doctrine of "federal theology" based on the idea of a mutual obligation between the ruler and the ruled" (Wijemanne, 1999). Essentially this was the very first division of powers, and shared control over an area by two levels of government, all be it in a very crude form. A more contemporary and widely accepted approach regarding the birth of federalism is that it was essentially created with the Declaration of Independence and the gradual confederation of the American states in the late 1700's and early 1800's. The United States fits the mold most common with Federal states. Federalism was first implemented in the United States because America contained a large plot of land which was filled with a very diverse population. Typically the only way to unite a heterogeneous population is through a federal government because it is the only way to articulate and protect regional interests. As the United States evolved so did federalism as an ideology and as a political practice. Constant amendments to the Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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federalism Essay Federalism The United States Government is beloved to all Americans, in the simple fact that all men are created equal and all men are given equal opportunity, to aspire to achieve success and make their dreams come true. Although the percentage of people who achieve all of their goals in life is fairly small, they have the freedom to chase them and America for the most part is a pretty content place. The "law of the land" that sets the standards for our rights and privileges is the U.S. Constitution . As pretty and proper as the U.S. Constitution sounds, there has always been and always will be some conflicts and concerns about different laws and amendments and even values that ...show more content... However with all the power that the President possesses there are also many limits set on him, including the length of time he is allowed to hold his job. However the President who runs the entire country, is appointed by the states. This power and compromise is also included amongst the Congress. Each state appoints members of the legislature. Each state gets an equal numbers of electors in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The President is also required to take an oath before he takes over in office. "I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States , and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, 1`protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Adams had the brilliant idea of Checks & Balances where he broke the government into three branches; the president, Congress, and the judiciary. Each of them had power but no one branch would be allowed to enjoy a monopoly of power. However when problems did occur each branch was allowed to put their two cents in and try to resolve whatever conflict that arose. However there are times when the Constitution puts its foot down, and prohibits power of the states . A big example of this is Article 1, Section 10. It lists all powers prohibited of the states Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. During the creation of the constitution the Framers questioned where powers should lie in these separate entities; The Framers however didn't want to make the mistake of centralized power so they used the system that utilized checks and balances. They created a that system Charles de Montesquieu called the idea of dividing government power into three branches the " separation of powers ." He believed it was most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. In the framework, it became clear that they framers wanted preserve liberty with usage of dividing power among state and government. Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Essay on Balanced Federalism Debates over how the division of powers between the states and federal government should be handled have been predominant from the very beginning. The founders understood that this decision would have an enduring influence on the types of policies implemented along with how the impact would be felt by the citizens. This would all be dependent on if the laws were coming from Washing D.C. or the state capitals (Barbour and Wright, 78). In light of this the founders established the United States government based on a fair division of powers between Federal and State governments as highlighted in the constitution and tenth amendment. However, in the past few years I believe the country has shifted towards giving more power to the federal ...show more content... This can be noted in the Welfare Reform Act of 1996. The national government based this policy on corresponding models from Wisconsin, California, and Michigan (McClenaghan, 96). An additional feature provided by federalism can be found in the strength of unity. While federalism allows states to deal with their own matters it likewise provides the benefits that come from a union (McClenaghan, 96). These benefits can be experienced in matters corresponding to foreign affairs where the advantages include a standard set of rules for immigration and international interaction. It is also visible in issues dealing with national defense which can be seen in the national security response after the events of September 11, 2001. These advantages serve as an structural mechanism to reduce disarray. Never the less, federalism like most other systems is not free of flaws which highlights a need for the distribution of power to be balanced. For example although the notion of states being used as "laboratories" is potentially beneficially it too has a defective feature. Unfortunately, this theory proves inefficient due to the fact that policies are implemented on a trial and error basis and seeing as that each state is different the results may vary (Lecture, September 14). What is effective in one state may not be as successful in another and so the prospective advantages of this scheme Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Essay On Dual Federalism Federalism is a division of power in a central government and their regional governments. (Learners.org, Federalism US vs. The States). The first system of federalism is dual federalism. Dual federalism is the state government has their own responsibilities and the national government has their own responsibilities. Dual federalism was mainly based around the Tenth Amendment which states that anything that isn't in the Constitution are reserved to the states. It is kind of like a tug of war, the state governments are on one side and the federal government on the other. The rope is pulled back and forth, and at one time one side sees to be winning, but then the rope gets pulled back to the other side. In the dual federalism, each government ...show more content... In the past, the Congress and the House have forced the state governments to meet in certain enviromental standards. (Sparknotes Editors, Federalism, page 2) In the early 1970s, the US knew that they needed a change in federalism so they called it new federalism. New federalism gave the states some power while knowing that the federal government is the highest power. At this time, the state government regained some power. Richard Nixon started to support this type of federalism during his presidency, and every president since Nixon has continued to support new federalism.(Sparknotes Editors,Federalism,page 1) Examples of when the National Government has withheld funding to the States to making them comply was in World War II when the people were relying on the federal money and when the government was relying on the states to follow federal policies. ( Sparknotes Editors, Federalism, page 1). Another example is when the government gave out block grants to give money on a fairly good purpose with no excuses. (Sparknotes Editors, Federalism, page Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism Essay Throughout history there have been a large quantity debates to decide the fate of America. In the late 18th century, America had finally broken off from Britain's control and was looking for a new form of government. Originally, the Articles of Confederation connected the founding thirteen states of America, which was a beginner version of a constitution. This eventually became an issue since these articles did not give any power to the central government. Because of this, the states had many problems in international politics since they had just found freedom and did not have the respect of other countries. Eventually there was talk of the necessity of a new document of some sort to attempt to give the central government a higher purpose ...show more content... Men like Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Richard Henry strongly believed in the Anti–Federalist movement, they tried to prove that a strong government could be found if the states could possess most of the nation's control. "Nevertheless, great States have their own particular advantages which it is necessary to recognize" (Tocqueville 70). The Anti–Federalists received their support from rural areas, such as farmers, because these were the people who feared a stronger central government and the addition to their tax burden. Many civilians who supported minimizing a strong central government did not appeal to the fact that each state would have a representative, which basically spoke for the entire state, since this representative cannot share multiple opinions. Anti–Federalists were afraid of not being heard because under a strong central government in a large nation like America, many opinions or concerns would not be taken under consideration. They believed that a proper government would function better if all concerns are heard and dealt with. The Anti– Federalists had written a series of articles arguing the constitution, called The Anti–Federalist papers. These articles argued that the constitution would take away the freedom and rights that America had won in the American Revolution and that the government would ignore the states and only protect the rich. The Federalist Party clearly opposed most ideas from the Anti–Federalist party. Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism And The Other Federalism In this paper I've researched different texts and different information on the topic of federalism to have a good understanding and knowledge of it. I found many sources of great information to learn about federalism and how it influences many countries in the world that we know today. My goal in this paper is to give a good understanding to what I've learned and give great detail on federalism and the other Federalism is when two or more levels of governments share the same power over the same region. Usually the higher national government governs the issues that concern the entire country, and smaller subdivisions govern issues of their local concern, but both have the power to make and enforce laws. Good examples of federalist countries would be Canada, Germany, France, and the United States . The federal government is granted power to mint money, declare war, establish post offices, and punish piracy. Any action that the federal government may have must stand by the constitution. While the state government has all the powers that are not granted to the federal government or forbidden to them under the constitution, because the state power is not limited to express grants of power( Federalism Information Institute). Every person that lives in the U.S. has to abide by the laws from the city, county, state and federal Government of which they live. The founders of federalism where James Madison, George Washington, and Alexander Hamilton. There Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism Essay Federalism The term "federalism" describes the changing relationship between the national and state governments as they sort out their roles and responsibilities within the federal system. America has a decentralized government; there is no single source of power or center of government. Federalism goes well with pluralism, because of the multiple centers of power that exist in the government, and also the many divisions of power. There are several levels of government including the federal government, the 50 states, county and city governments and independent school districts. However, the major players are the national and state governments. The tensions between the two are clear when it comes to civil rights, money, and power. ...show more content... The seventeenth amendment, while making the legislators directly answerable to voters, also had the effect of diminishing their roles as representatives of their individual states since they now answered to the general public rather than to the state legislatures, hurting state freedoms. The Eleventh Amendment denied Congress the authority to make states subject to lawsuits in federal courts. Power seesawed between the two levels of government over time. Was this the founders' intention? During their time, fear of "big government" and of anarchy induced self destruction plagued the conventions. The anti federalists were afraid of tyranny and the federalists worried that the country would collapse without guidance. Federalism changes according to the country's needs and it is the brevity of the constitution allows this flexibility. It was never merely a set of static institutional arrangements, frozen in time by the Constitution. It is an adaptable process that has economic, administrative, and political aspects as well as constitutional ones. It evolved from dual to cooperative to new federalism. From the approval of the Constitution to the New Deal was a period where the national government was limited to promoting commerce. It was the state governments that dealt with governing citizens. The framers expected that the states would be the principal policymakers in the federal system, so most domestic policy Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalist Arguments The document was ratified by 9 out of the 13 states. To generate support for ratification The Federalist was published. In the Federalist, Alexander Hamilton argued that the there was a perfect balance of liberty and power created by the Constitution. In the Federalist number 10 and 51, Madison had an new idea of the relationship between gov and society. He argued that the US was not a source of weakness by stability. He also made the liberal idea that men were driven by interest in themselves and that the good of society arises from the clash of private interests popular. Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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Federalism Vs Federal Government Today, the United States of America operate under the system of federalism. Having a federal government means that the power is divided, in the case of the U.S., between a central national government and the 50 individual state governments. The fundamental principle of the federal system is that both, the national government, as well as the state governments derive all of their authority and power from the people, the citizens of the United States . The nation's Constitution specifies which powers are guaranteed to whom. The powers granted to the national government are called enumerated powers whereas the state powers are called reserved powers. Powers shared by both the national and the state governments are summarized as concurrent powers. ...show more content... During this time, the national government had only the powers specifically granted by the states. This lead to a weak national government that was unable to respond to crisis. To ensure the survival of the new created nation, the Farmers decided to create a stronger national government that had the power, and thus would be able to intervene in critical situations. For this reason, they separated the power derived from the people between a strong national government and the individual state governments, with the national government being supreme. In addition, the national government was split up into three distinct branches of government: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. The Constitution ensures that the three branches are independent and equally powerful. It also assigns different functions to the three branches. The legislative branch functions as a law– maker, the executive branch enforces the laws, and the judicial branch interprets them. This structure was carefully chosen by the Farmers to avoid a concentration of power in the federal government, and it gives the three branches the possibility to oversee one another and to interfere with the actions of other branches if Get more content on StudyHub.Vip

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