Group Lab report SERIES AND PARALLES

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Jan 9, 2024

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PHYSICS LABORATORY LAB REPORT – 60% OF THE LAB GRADE (Complete and save in pdf, send it by assignment in blackboard) Name (Last, First) Zahan, Ilma Segura Alvarez, Fabiola Zchesan, Leonel Title of the lab: SERIES AND PARALLEL RESISTORS IN DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS. Date 06/02/2022 OBJECTIVES: (5 points) 1) Analyze the behavior of the Current and Voltages in series resistors. 2) Obtain equivalent resistance to resistors connected in series. 3) Analyze the behavior of the Current and Voltages in parallel resistors. 4) Obtain the equivalent resistance to resistors connected in parallel. MATERIALS: . (5 points) Resistors Cables to connect the resistor Voltage sensor to measure voltage Interface connects to computer Power supply with 3 volts Vernier Circuit Board Interface Censor of current Censor of voltage Red and Black Cables Vernier Lab Pro Vernier Current Probe Battery Eliminator Model XP-100 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: . (3 points) Measured the current and voltage (3) The first experiment was the Circuit connected in Series. The professor proceeds to connect the wire cables to each side of across the resistors. Second, professor connected the cable from the Vernier Current Probe to the Vernier Circuit Board. Once all the cables are connected, professor proceed to turn on the Baterry Model X-100 and press the “collect” bottom from the Vernier software. The software collected five seconds of data and drew a

graph with the initial, final and mean of Current and Voltage from resistors. The second experiment was the Circuit connected in Parallel. The professor proceed to connect the wire cables next to the Ohms resistors. The cables are connected in the metal lamps next to resistors in parallel. Second, professor connected the cable from the Vernier Current Probe to the Vernier Circuit Board. Once all the cables are connected, professor proceed to turn on the Battery Model X-100 and press the “collect” bottom from the Vernier software. The software collected five seconds of data and drew a graph with the initial, final and mean of Current and Voltage from resistors. Draw a simple electric circuit to resistors connected in series, use the symbols of power supply, resistor, voltmeter and ammeter. (4 points )

Draw a simple electric circuit to resistors connected in parallel, use the symbols of power supply, resistor, voltmeter, and ammeter. (3 points) EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: DATA, CALCULATIONS, TABLES, GRAPHS PART I: RESISTORS CONNECTED IN SERIES. 1.1. (watch the video and take the date of current and voltage). (10 points) Current I 1 (A) Current I 2 (A) Total Current I T (A) 0.1088 0.1023 0.1040 1.2. Observe the values of currents. There are related? Write the statement? ( 5 points) Yes, IT=I 1= I 2 . Base on the data collected in the above table the value of the first and second current matches closely to the total current however, there is small decimal discrepancy in the final calculation.

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1.3. (watch the video and take the date of current and voltage). (10 points) Voltage V 1 (V) Voltage V 2 (V) Total Voltage V T (V) 1.252 1.248 2.739 1.4. Observe the values of voltages. There are related? Write the statement? (5 points) Yes, they are related, VT=V 1 +V 2 . In the case of Voltage, the above data showed that the sum of Voltage one and Voltage two are close to Total Voltage however, there is a small difference of 0.20 probably due an error while the experiment was being executed. 1.5. Combine the two statements and obtain the equation and the equivalent resistance of the two resistors in series. (5 points). V=I*R Ohms law V = Total current * total voltage = I 1 R 1 +I 2 R 2 I t R t = I 1 R 1 +I 2 R 2 R t = R 1 +R 2 Theoretical Value R t = 10 Ω + 10 Ω Rt = 20 Ω Experimental Value Rt = Vt / It Rt = 2.739 / 0.1040 Rt = 26.34 Ω R 1 = 1.252 / 0.1088 R 1 = 11.51 Ω R 2 = 1.248 / 0.1023 R 2 = 12.20 Ω

PART II: RESISTORS CONNECTED IN PARALLEL. 2.1. (watch the video and take the date of current and voltage). (10 points) Current I 1 (A) Current I 2 (A) Total Current I T (A) 0.1721 0.1889 0.3188 2.2. Observe the values of currents. There are related?. Write the statement? (5 points) Yes, IT=I 1 +I 2 . The currents results are related. In this case the Parallel circuit show that the sum of both current one and current two matches the Total Current. It is different from Series circuit where the Total Current is equal or closely to each induvial value. 2.3. (watch the video and take the date of current and voltage). (10 points) Voltage V 1 (V) Voltage V 2 (V) Total Voltage V T (V) 2.055 2.005 2.301 2.4. Observe the values of voltages. There are related?. Write the statement?. (5 points). Yes, VT=V1=V2. The Voltage one and Voltage two are related to the Total Voltage. In this case of the Parallel circuit the calculation was based on the individual value of each Voltage rather than the sum of both like in the Series Circuit. It is important to point out that the Total Voltage has a difference of 0.24 respect from the two values. This difference may be due an error while the Vernier was collecting the electricity passing through the resistors.

2.5. Combine the two statements and Ohm´s Law to obtain the equation and the equivalent resistance of the two resistors in parallel. (5 points). I=V/R Total voltage/total resistance= V 1 /R 1 + V 2 /R 2 V t /R t = V 1 /R 1 + V 2 /R 2 1/ R t = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 Theoretical Value Rt = (R1*R2) / (R1+R2) = 10*10 / 10+10 Rt = 5 Ω Experimental Value R t = V t / I t R t = 7.22 Ω R 1 = V 1 / I 1 R 1 = 11.94 Ω R 2 = V 2 / I 2 R 2 = 10.61 Ω CONCLUSIONS: Critical analysis about the fulfillment of each objective. (10 points). Two separate paragraphs, one by each objective . 1) In the case of the Series Circuit experiment the calculations of the Current and Voltage were very close to the total calculations in their respective counterpart. In the Series experiment, all apparatus were at rest without any oscillation in temperature therefore the data collected was more accurate and near to the expected values from the experiment which was 0.10 for Current and 2.73 for Voltage. 2) After the data was collected, students proceed to calculate the Theoretical and

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Experimental Values. The values were different from the Experimental side compared to Theoretical however the Resistance one and Resistance two were not largely far from the ten Ohms Resistance in the Theoretical side. 3) For the Parallel Circuit experiment the calculations of the Current and Voltage were very close to the total calculations like the Series Circuits. Their value fluctuated in the 0.3 and 2.3 respectively however the apparatus by this time were more exposed to a heat temperature and the final results oscillate more than expected. 4) In the Parallel Circuit, The Resistance one and Resistance two showed a much large difference with respect the Theoretical value. As it was mentioned before this may be due the battery was working for more time and the temperature itself was higher thus the electricity collected in the Vernier showed a margin of discrepancy, which is the error. In the case of Resistance One it was 11.94 Ohms while Resistance Two was 10.61 Ohms very different from the Theoretical Resistance of 5 Ohms. This results proof that changes in the temperature produce the Voltage drops to lower values. 5) Some significant errors in the experiment were the heat in the resistance, measurement errors. Another error was not waiting for the battery to cool off, when the cable overheats the results in voltages changes. Maybe causing the cables to not read the electricity passing through each resistor correctly which can cause errors in the measurement. When the resistors temperature rose causing it to be hot, it increased the values in the experiment. So, in turn it increases with the temperature of the system. Also, this caused differences in the values which means that the measurements of the experimental values are near the right values but not quite exact.

Group Lab report SERIES AND PARALLES

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