Group Lab Report 1 - Electrostactic Charge

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PHYSICS LABORATORY LAB REPORT – 60% OF THE LAB GRADE (Complete and save in only one pdf document, send it by assignment in blackboard) Name (Last, First) Segura Alvarez, Fabiola Zahan, Ilma Zchesan, Leonel Title of the lab: ELECTROSTATICS CHARGE Date 05/19/2022 OBJECTIVES: (4 points) 1) Use the Charge Sensor and Faraday Pail to measure the electric charge. 2) Observe and quantify the separation of electrical charge by friction. 3) Observe and quantify the electrical charge by contact. 4) Observe and quantify charge by induction 5) Explain the charged transfer process. MATERIALS: (Complete by watching the video to the measures). (5 points) Vernier charge sensor LabQuest 2 software Faraday pail Cage Red and Black ground wires Wrist strap Electrostatic kit White and gray charge separators Metal ground plane Cotton cloth EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: (Complete by watching the video all parts). (10 points) Charged by Friction Experiment: professor put on the wrist strap and attached to the metal plane to keep his body grounded, setup the LabQuest 2 to “Enable Data Marking” and began by rubbing the Electrostatic separators together. Professor pressed the collect data bottom and inserted the white

separator into the Faraday pail. The LabQuest started to graph and show peak charges. Removed the white one and inserted the gray one into the Faraday pail and the graph went down and marked the low peak. Later, inserted both simultaneously without touching in the Faraday pail and the graph went up to a neutral level. Here are the procedures in steps as well: 1.Connect the charge to lab quest and put the Faraday Pail inside and around the cage. 2.Put the metal cage on a ground plane and attach the appropriate black and red wires to the Faraday Pail. 3.Scuff feet on carpet then hold one finger down inside the faraday pail and cage. 4.Check for charges in the lab quest screen. 5.To keep the body from becoming charged, put on the wrist strap and attach the wire to the ground plane. 6.Set up lab quest and keep the rate to 10 samples/s. Change settings to enable data marking by clicking mode. 7.Start data collector and begin to rub the charge separators together. 8.Stick the white charge separator into the Faraday Pail, collect data using the lab quest and mark the point where the graph changes. 9.Remove the white charge separator and put the gray one in the Faraday Pail, collect data using the lab quest and mark the point where the graph changes. 10.Then remove the gray charge separator and carefully put both separators inside the pail without allowing them to touch. 11.Mark the point in the graph and pull them out and hit stop. 12.Lastly label the mark by naming them white, gray, and both. Charged by Contact Experiment: The professor placed the two separators on top of a damped cotton cloth to remove any excess of charge on them already. Later, he pressed the grounded bottom in the Vernier charger to remove any built-up charge in the Electrostatic kit. He setup the LabQuest 2 to “Enable Data Marking” and while he was wearing the wrist strap, he rubbed the two separators together and introduced the white separator into the Faraday pail and lay it down then he removed the separator and rubbed it on the edge of the pail and removed again. The LabQuest to collect new data from these four actions. Here are the procedures in steps as well:

1.To make sure the charge separators do not have any excess charge on them already, touch the damp cotton cloth with the separators. 2.Press the grey grounding rest button on the sensor to make sure there are no prior charges already on the system. 3.Use the standard settings on the lab quest, rate 10 samples/s and duration 60 seconds. 4.Enable data marking by clicking mode and advance on the settings then click collect. 5.Rub the charge separators together and take the white one put it inside the faraday pail and mark a point in the graph. 6.Then rub the white separator on the edge of the pail, mark the point and stop rubbing. 7.Hit stop on the data collector. 8.Label the different marks along the graph as insert, remove, touch, and remove again. Charged by Induction Experiment: The professor placed the two separators on top of a damped cotton cloth to remove any excess of charge. He made sure the separators and Electrostatic kit was free of any unwanted charge. Later, he rubbed the two separators together, pressed collect data bottom and inserted the white separator in the pail. He let inserted the separator for a few seconds and removed from pail then he reinserted the separator while he was plugging the black wire from metal plane to the edge of the pail and let them for a few seconds. After LabQuest collected data, he removed first the black ground wire and later the separator. Finally, he inserted and removed again the white separator in the pail for a final data collection. Here are the procedures in steps as well: 1.Make sure all materials are free of prior/excess charge by putting the wrist strap on, clicking the rest grounding button on the sensor, and blot the charge separators on wet cotton cloth. 2. Use the standard settings on the lab quest, rate 10 samples/s and duration 60 seconds. 3. Click collect for data and begin rubbing the separators together. 4. Insert white separator into the Pail then take it out. 5. Insert again and attach the ground wire to the inside of the pail for a second and then put it back while removing the disk from the pail. 6. Insert the disk back in for a moment and remove again, then hit stop for data collection. Analyze the graph. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: DATA, CALCULATIONS, TABLES, GRAPHS

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PART I: Charge by friction . (Watch the video to take the measures) 1.1. Attach the graph of the charge vs time. (very clear and legible). (5 points)

RESULTS ANALYSIS: 1.2. What is the value and sign of the charge on each charge separator. (6 points ). White separator: +2.81 nC. Gray separator: -2.37 nC. Both separators have charges that are close in equal number and magnitude. The white separator with positive charge and the gray separator with a negative sign. 1.3. Compare the value and charge signs on each separator. Explain in terms of the transfer of charged particles between the charge separators. (6 points) The white separator has +2.81nC thus this separator has missing free electrons while the gray separator has -2.37nC therefore it has too many electrons opposite to the white one. . This means electrons traveled from the white to the grey one. Per above data, both separators are close in equal number and magnitude however there is a little difference of 0.44nC between them. The margin between these two charges may be due an error in the experiment. 1.4. Explain the result in the charge measure when the separators are introduces in the pail together. (6 points)

Once the two separators are introduced together into the pail the charge became 0.22 nC. This means the positive and negative charge created an imbalance close to zero as it was expected from the experiment. PART II. Charge by contact (Watch the video to take the measures) 2.1. Attach the graph of the charge vs time. (very clear and legible). (5 points).

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2.2. What is the value and sign of the charge in the separator. (6 points) The value of the separator when it was inserted in the pail was + 3.96 nC 2.3. What is the value and sign of the charge in the pail. (6 points) The value of pail when separator was removed from the Faraday was +4.48 nC 2.4. Compare the quantity and charge signs in the separator and pail. Explain in terms of the transfer of charged particles between the separator and the pail. (6 points) Based on collected data, the white separator has a positive sign thus it has less free electrons

like in first experiment. When the separator was removed from pail the LabQuest kept collecting data and showed the pail had a positive charge of +4.48nC. This means that the pail acquired the same positive charge from the white separator even though the separator was removed from pail, the latter kept the same charge due the transfer of charges. Part III. Charge by induction. (Watch the video to take the measures) 3.1. Attach the graph of the charge vs time. (very clear and legible). (5 points)

3.2. What is the value and sign of the charge in the separator? (6 points) The value of the separator was +1.30 nC. 3.3. What is the value and sign of the inducted charge? (6 points) The value of the inducted charge was -1.30 nC. 3.4. Compare the values and the charge signs. Explain the induction charge process? (6 points) The two values are the same except one is positive and the other is negative. This means one has more free electrons than the other. The induction charge is a process where one uncharged object is charged by a positive or negative charged object without touching each other. The uncharged object at the beginning is neutral and grounded but once it is close to the charged object the charge flows from one to another making the neutral object develop a charge with opposite polarity. CONCLUSIONS: Critical analysis about the fulfillment of each objective (10 points): Five separate paragraphs , one by each objective. Comment on errors in measurements.

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1. In the three experiments the Vernier charge Sensor and the Faraday Pail were used to collect data. The LabQuest 2 proved that white separator and pail had charges from the friction, contact and induction charge. 2. In the friction charge experiment, the white separator had a +2.81 nC while the gray one had -2.37 nC. The experiment proved that charges are equal in magnitude but opposite sign. However, the difference may suggest that there were human errors while the person was doing the experiment. A potential error may be due to the human’s incorrect adjustment of putting the wrist strap on which could have affected the distribution of the charge flows. Another potential error came from the time elapsed between the insertion of separators. This time elapsed made a little bleeding of charge. Another error could be the marking of the points in the graph as it may have been delayed due to the person physically clicking the lab quest 2 to mark the points. 3. In the contact charge experiment, once the pail and separator touched for the first time both shared the same positive charge of 3.96 nC. The experiment proved that once a charged object touched an uncharged object, the charges between the two bodies will be shared and once the charged positive is removed the uncharged object (pail) drops the positive charge. 4. In the induction charge experiment, both the pail and separator have the same equal charge however they have opposite sign charges. This proved that an uncharged and ground object can be charged without touching the charged object however the uncharged will be the opposite sign because the ground energy created a charged polarization 5. The friction charge occurs when two bodies are in direct contact with each other. This process makes both objects equal in magnitude but have opposite sign. The contact charge occurs when a charged object touched an uncharged object. Here there is a transfer of electrons from the charged to the uncharged one until the equilibrium is obtained. In the induction charge, the uncharged and charged object are not touching together however the charge transfer is possible and repelling in opposite side. The only difference came from the ground wire that transferred negative energy to pail thus it created a net zero environment once the separator was again connected to the pail.

Group Lab Report 1 - Electrostactic Charge

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