PHYS 125L Simulation Lab # S2

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Jan 9, 2024

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Name: Benetou McNeil Date: 10/24/2023 PHYS 125L Lab. # S2 Torque-Balancing Act ( Courtesy of the Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado ). Warning: Students are not allowed to share answers or results. Any simulation lab report that is deemed to be copied from another student or plagiarized will be assigned zero grade. All entries in the tables have to be type-written. All answers have to also be type-written. (No hand-written work will be accepted). Objectives: Apply the conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body to a board at the pivot and find the mass of unknown object by applying known torques. Theory If a force F acts on a rigid body that is pivoted about some axis, the body tends to rotate about that axis.The tendency of a force to cause a body to rotate about some axis is measured by a quantity called torque . It is defined by = Fd ¿ with F the magnitude of the force, and d ¿ lever arm of the force. The units of torque are N–m. Torque caused by a given force must be defined relative to a specific axis of rotation. Conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body The vector sum of the forces at an axis must be zero, and the vector sum of the torques about that axis must be zero. F = 0 , and τ = 0 If the force acting on the object is gravitational, then the torque is given by = mg d ¿ where g=9.8 m/s 2 Procedure: Open Balancing Act Lab using this link: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balancing-act/latest/balancing-act_en.html Choose “Intro” tab. Play around with the simulation for a few minutes to understand/ explore the functionalities of the different components. To check if the board is balanced at the pivot, remove supports under the board by toggling the switch at bottom of the screen to right.
2 PART 1: Balancing torques on a seesaw Choose “Balance Lab” tab. Select the following options in right corner of the screen: Mass Labels, Level, Rulers For each of the following cases, balance the board at the pivot. Don’t forget to remove the supports under the board. For each case, calculate total clockwise torque ( Σ τ cw ), total counterclockwise torque ( Σ τ ccw ) and net torque ( Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw ). Don’t forget to convert masses to weights and the signs of toques (cw torque is negative & ccw torque is positive). Make sure you measure the distance of masses from the center (pivot). NOTE: Show calculation steps. Do not just compute on calculator and write the answer. Instead write the complete expression showing what numbers you multiplied/added to get the answers. Case 1. 5 kg on right of the pivot, 10 kg on left of the pivot
3 Σ τ cw = 1*5*9.8=49 Nm Σ τ ccw =1*10*9.8*.5=49 Nm Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw = -49+98=0Nm Case 2. 5 kg & 10 kg on right of the pivot, 15 kg on left of the pivot Σ τ cw = (5*1+10*.5)*9.8 = 147 Nm Σ τ ccw =1*15*9.8= 147 Nm Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw = -147 + 147 = 0 Nm Case 3. 5 kg & 20 kg on right of the pivot, 10 kg & 15 kg on left of the pivot Σ τ cw = (5*2+1*20)*9.8 = 294 Nm Σ τ ccw = (1.5*10+1*15)*9.8 = 294 Nm Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw = -294 + 294 = 0 Nm Case 4. 5 kg, 10 kg & 15 kg on right of the pivot, 20 kg on left of the pivot Σ τ cw = (15*2+5*1+10*.5)*9.8= -392 Nm Σ τ ccw = 2*20*9.8 = 392 Nm Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw = -392 +392 =0 Case 5. 5 kg , 15 kg & 20 kg on right of the pivot, 10 & 15 kg on left of the pivot Σ τ cw = (15*2+5*1+20*.25)*9.8 = -392 Nm Σ τ ccw = (15*2+10*1)*9.8 = 392 Nm Σ τ = Σ τ cw + Σ τ ccw = -392+392 = 0 PART 2: Finding unknown masses Choose “Balance Lab” tab. Select the following options in right corner of the screen: Mass Labels, Level, Rulers In the “Bricks” section on the right of the screen, click on the right arrow. Keep on clicking to the right until you see “Mystery Objects”.
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4 Find out the mass of each of the Mystery Objects “E”, “F”, “G” and “H” by balancing each of these against the bricks of known masses. For each Mystery Object, paste a screenshot of balanced seesaw and show all calculation steps. You may want to use the equation m 1 gd 1 = m 2 gd 2 to find the unknown masses. Mystery Object “E” Screenshot of balanced seesaw:
5 Calculations: Mystery Object “F” Screenshot of balanced seesaw: Calculations:
6 Mystery Object “G” Screenshot of balanced seesaw: Calculations: Mystery Object “H” Screenshot of balanced seesaw:
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7 Calculations: QUESTIONS QUESTIONS 1. What two conditions are needed to establish equilibrium for a rigid body? The moment arm
8 and the mass of the objects. 2. Why isn’t the normal force “N” considered when balancing the torques on the seesaw? Normal force isn’t considered because gravity is the same on both sides of the seesaw so it cancels out. 1. Consider the percentage difference between the τ ccw and the τ cw for cases 1-5 above when known forces are balanced. A difference of 0.5% or less is excellent, a difference of 1.0% or less is good, and a difference of 2% or less is acceptable. Based on these criteria, describe your results for the for cases 1-5 above and defend your statement. 2. In all of the experimental arrangements the mass of pivot is ignored. Is this an approximation because its mass is small, or is there some reason it makes no contribution to the torque? State
9 your reasoning clearly.
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