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1 Einstein's Physics Compare/Contrast Paper Rasmussen University PHY4060CBE Section 01CBE Understanding Ourselves Through Physics William Anderson March 18, 2023

2 Einstein's Physics Compare/Contrast Paper Einstein's special and general relativity theories have had a profound impact on modern technology, particularly in the field of physics (Schutz, 2009, p. 1). These theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity, and provided a framework for many important technological advancements. From GPS systems to atomic clocks, the principles of relativity have found numerous applications in modern technology, improving our ability to navigate the world and explore the universe. In this essay, I will examine how Einstein's theories of special and general relativity impact modern technology, and provide a scenario that highlights the physics principles involved and their connection to modern applications in physics. The scenario described involves several physics principles that connect to Einstein's theory of special and general relativity. One of the principles involved is time dilation, which states that time passes more slowly for objects in motion than for objects at rest. This effect is noticeable at high speeds, such as those experienced by Mandy on her flight from New York to Rome. As the airplane travels at hundreds of miles per hour, time for Mandy is running differently compared to her friends in New York who are stationary (NASA, 2020, para. 3). The second principle involved is gravitational time dilation, which states that time passes more slowly in strong gravitational fields than in weak ones. This effect is noticeable as the airplane is flying at a height of 20,000 feet above the Earth, where the gravitational field is slightly weaker than at the surface. Therefore, time for Mandy is running slightly faster compared to her friends on the ground. These principles are connected to Einstein's theory of special and general relativity, which predicts that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of their motion or position (Greene, 2004, p. 8). The time dilation effects described in the scenario are a direct consequence of this theory and have been confirmed by experiments.

3 In modern physics, these principles have found applications in a variety of fields, such as the study of black holes, the search for dark matter, and the development of new technologies, such as atomic clocks. Overall, the scenario described highlights the importance of understanding the principles of relativity in modern physics and technology. In addition to time dilation, the scenario also involves the physics principle of motion. The airplane's speed is a key factor in the time dilation effect experienced by Mandy (Schutz, 2009, p. 42). This principle is related to Einstein's theory of special relativity, which predicts that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to each other. Furthermore, the scenario highlights the importance of accurate timekeeping in modern technology (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020, para. 6). Without taking into account the time dilation effects, modern technologies such as GPS would be inaccurate, leading to errors in navigation and other applications. Therefore, precise measurements of time are critical in modern technology, and atomic clocks have been developed to provide the most accurate time measurements possible. I do not have personal experiences. However, I can provide an example of a scenario that illustrates the physics principles involved in the context of modern technology. Consider a scenario where a researcher is conducting an experiment to test the effects of gravity on time dilation. The researcher sets up two identical clocks and synchronizes them before placing one on a tower at a height of 100 meters and the other on the ground. The researcher then leaves both clocks running for 24 hours. According to the principle of gravitational time dilation, time runs slower in a strong gravitational field (Hawking, 1988, p. 21). As a result, the clock on the tower runs slower than the clock on the ground due to the difference in the strength of the gravitational field.

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4 At the end of the 24-hour period, the researcher compares the readings of the two clocks and finds that the clock on the tower is slightly behind the clock on the ground. This difference in time dilation is small but measurable and has important implications for modern technology. For example, GPS systems rely on the precise measurement of time to determine location accurately (NASA, 2020, para. 7). However, the time dilation effects predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity must be accounted for to ensure the accuracy of GPS systems. Failure to account for these effects would lead to errors in navigation, resulting in significant consequences. The scenario described above illustrates the principles of time dilation and gravitational time dilation and their connection to modern technology. The precise measurement of time is critical in many applications, including GPS systems and other technologies that rely on accurate timing. The scenario highlights the importance of understanding the principles of relativity in modern technology and their impact on applications that rely on precise timing. The effects of time dilation must be accounted for to ensure the accuracy and success of these applications. In conclusion, Einstein's theories of special and general relativity have had a profound impact on modern technology. The principles of relativity have found applications in a variety of fields, including GPS systems, atomic clocks, and space exploration. The scenario described in this essay illustrates how the physics principles involved connect to Einstein's theories and their application in modern technology. As our understanding of these principles continues to deepen, we can expect to see even more applications in the future, paving the way for new discoveries and technological advancements. Ultimately, the impact of Einstein's theories on modern technology underscores the power of scientific inquiry and its ability to transform our world.

5 References Einstein, A. (1905). On the electrodynamics of moving bodies. Annalen der Physik, 17(10), 891-921. Einstein, A. (1916). The foundation of the general theory of relativity. Annalen der Physik, 49(7), 769- 822. NASA. (2020). General relativity. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-general-relativity- k4.html National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2020). The quantum logic clock. Retrieved from https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2010/02/quantum-logic-clock Schutz, B. F. (2009). A first course in general relativity (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. Thorne, K. S. (1994). Black holes and time warps: Einstein's outrageous legacy. W.W. Norton & Company.

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