Lab 8- magnetic force PHY122

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Stony Brook University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Introduction: In this lab I will be working with an external magnetic field from the magnet. When a currency carrying wire is brought into the external magnetic field, the wire will feel a force due to this magnetic field. With the right hand rule, the direction of the

magnetic force can be determined and our observations can be tested. This will be done using two different setups which both have multiple configurations. Objectives: ● Use the right hand rule to tell the direction of the magnetic force due to the presence of a magnetic field. ● Match predictions of magnetic force directions to the observations. Materials needed: ● 3D batteries with battery cage ● One triple A battery ● Breadboard ● Wire leads ● 12 feet wire spool ● 3 neodymium magnets ● Screw ● 2 0.5 resistors The neodymium magnets are giving an external magnetic field, in the first set up i will be creating a DC motor using the magnets, screw, a triple A battery and a stripped wire. Running current through magnets will cause the magnet and screw system to rotate. Note the direction the current is flowing and the direction of the magnetic force, as this will explain why the magnets and screw system are rotating in the direction in which they do. In the second configuration, there will be a long wire connected to a power source. The wire will be placed close to the neodymium magnets and once it is hooked up to the external power, the current will flow through the wire. This is when you will see the wire jump either up or down. By noting the direction of the current through the wire and the direction of the magnetic field of the magnet, we can again figure out the direction of the magnetic force which will help explain the reasoning for this jump. ● The videos in the lab can be watched in order to review problems using the right hand rule. ● The neodymium magnets are providing the external magnetic field, but we need to realize how to know the direction of the magnetic field, in which the video in the lab report shows.

Setup 1: The Rotating Motor Once the direction of the magnetic field is figured out, we can make a simple motor using a triple A battery, screw, wire, and the magnets. When everything is properly connected, there will be current running through the magnet. There will be a magnetic force acting on the edge of the magnet due to the moving charge and magnetic field, this then creates a torque which will cause the magnet and screw system to rotate. The direction of rotation will be able to be predicted using the right hand rule to figure out the direction of the force. The youtube video in the lab shows how to build the motor for this lab. With the motor, I will build four different configurations as shown in the diagram below. The yellow arrows indicate the direction of the magnetic field, which should have been determined in the steps prior to this. I will be flipping both the magnets so that the direction of the magnetic field switches, as well as the battery in order to switch the direction of the current. Be sure to note the direction of the current and the magnetic field in order to find the direction of the magnetic force. This is where it can be explained

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if the magnetic force would result in the rotation in the direction of which is being observed. The figure below shows how to understand the direction of the currents, fields, and forces. The left side shows one of the configurations out of the 4 that I will be testing. In that configuration, the wire is attached to the positive end of the battery, meaning that the current will flow from the outside edge of the magnet toward the center. The screw carries the current back to the battery and completes the circuit. The orientation of the battery determines the direction of the current and the orientation of the magnets chooses the direction of the field. I achieved all four of the possibilities indicated in the box in the diagram above.

The right hand rule, will tell us the direction of the force that acts upon the current. Since this current is on one side of the magnet, the force acting upon it creates a torque that spins the magnet. I used the right hand rule to predict the direction that the magnet will spin based upon the orientation of both the battery and also the magnets as well. I will make all four observations and note them in the calculations below using diagrams similar to the figure shown above. One should easily be able to make the motor turn so fast that the system becomes a blur. It is important to watch carefully as it first starts to turn so that the direction can be determined. Setup 2: Current through a wire in an external magnetic field The effects of placing a current carrying wire into an external magnetic field can be seen. The videos in the lab report can be watched to show how to set up this part of the experiment, and shows us what we should be seeing. **Caution: the ½ resistors are special high wattage resistors, meaning that they will not burn as the current flows through them. Do not use any resistor for this circuit other than the high wattage ½ resistors. There will be two configurations for this set up, where noting the direction of the current and the magnetic field can result in us being able to use the right hand rule in order to predict the direction of the magnetic force on the current carrying wire. We can make both observations and use the diagrams in the lab notebook to summarize both my observations and expectations from the right hand rule. When it comes to the lab report, this lab is all qualitative meaning that there are no calculations. However the knowledge of the different configurations and the reasoning for why the motor spun in a particular direction and why the wire was deflected in a particular direction must be explained. The data will consist of carefully and neatly drawn diagrams in order to explain both the observation and to justify my predictions.

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