Lab 02 worksheetCompleted(1)

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Apr 3, 2024

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PHY112 Lab 02 Name Michaela Blackmore Electric Fields Section 14371 Download and run the PhET Field of Dreams Simulation . Use the simulation to answer all of the following questions. Part 1 ̶ Observations 1. At the top of the simulation, select electric field>set discreetness, and set the discreetness to 15. What changed? 2. Click on the properties button. Make sure it is set to -1 C and 1 kg. Click done and then add. Record your detailed observations on the table on the next page. Click the remove button. Click on the properties button. Set it to -5 C and 1 kg. Click done and then add. Record your observations on the table. Your observations should indicate how these results differ from the original results. Click the remove button. Click on the properties button. Set it to -1 C and 5 kg. Click done and then add. Record your observations on the table. Your observations should indicate how these results differ from the original results. Remove the particle. Repeat this process for positive and zero-charged particles. You may include screenshots of each scenario instead of a written description, but you must describe how the current scenario compares to the original charged-particle results. Type and Amount of charge ( C ) Mass of charge (kg) Detailed and specific observations When the discreetness was changed to 15, the electric field expanded and the charged particles increased to 15 in each column and row.

-1 1 The arrows are pointing towards the particle indicating it is a Negative charged particle.The particle stayed in the left hand corner of the field. -5 1 The arrows pointing to the particle became longer and more in quantity than before due to the increase of negative charge of particle. The particle is moving quickly. -1 5 The mass of charge did not seem to cause any change. The amount of arrows that are pointing at the particle decreased. The particle is moving slower due to the increase of mass. +1 1 The arrows are pointing away from the particle due to its + charge.The particle is moving quickly. +5 1 The arrows are still away from the particle because the increase in + charge. More arrows are affected due to the increase in charge. +1 5 Less arrows are affected due to the decrease in charge, but are still pointing away because the charge is positive. The particle is moving slower due to the increased mass.

3. What can you conclude from these observations? Be specific and detailed. 4. Remove all particles from the box. Add two particles, both with a - 1.0 C charge and 1 kg of mass. Pause the simulation and use the mouse to move the particles so they have the following arrangement Describe, sketch, or include a screen shot of the results of this arrangement in the appropriate space on the data table on the next page. Use the mouse to move the particles to various locations. What do you observe when the particles are close together? When they are far away? Record your observations on the data table. Press play. The particles should now be in motion. Describe the observed motion on the data table. Be specific (i.e., Are they constant speed or changing speed? Do they attract or repel? ). 0 1 There are no arrows because there is no charge so there is no pull.Due to the small mass and lack of charge,this particle moves the most rapid and freely. Positive particles produce arrows that repel away from the particle. Negative particles produce arrows that are attracted to the particles. The greater the charge, the more arrows are present and the more repelled or attracted they are. The greater the of the mass of the particl e, the slower it moves . Observed by the pictures in the graph . - -

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Remove all the particles from the box. Repeat the previous process using two +1.0 C charges. Your observations should also indicate how these results differ from the original results. Remove all the particles from the box. Repeat the previous process using one +1.0 C and one -1.0 C particle. Pause the simulation, and use the mouse to move the particles so they have the following arrangement: Repeat all of the observations made with the previous combinations of charges. Record your observations on the data table. In your observation descriptions, indicate how these results differ from the original results. Combinations of Charge Observations Two negative Two positive One negative and one positive Screen shot or sketch results of initial arrangement Particles are close together When the particles are closer together, it is observed that arrows get longer and more attracted to the middle of the field where the particles are. When the particles are closer, the arrows get longer due to the increase in proximity and that like charges repel each other. The arrows are pointed away due to + charge. When the particles are closer than the arrows are shorter because they are already together so they are pulling less. Particles are far apart When they are farther apart the arrows in the middle are pulled towards the sides of the negative particles. The arrows become shorter since there are two particles to pull towards on opposing ends. The arrows become shorter because the like charges are further away from each other. When the particles are further the arrows are longer because the particles are wanting to pull towards each other since they are opposite charge. + -

5. What can you conclude from these observations? Be specific and detailed. 6. Remove all particles from the box. In the lower right hand corner of the simulation, click in the box marked external field. Change the size and direction of the external field arrow in the box. How does this affect the simulation area? 7. Add one positive and one negative particle to the box with an external field present. Describe the behavior of the particles in the field. Be specific. Particles are in motion The particles get slower when near each other, but repel due to like charges. The particles are repelling each other when they try to move towards one another. The arrows are pointed away each particle towards the field. The particles bounce of each other and attract towards each other because they have opposite charges. The particles move slower when apart and are quick to pull together. Like charges attract each other and opposite charges repel. The closer that 2 like charged particles are together the longer the arrow because the particles are pushing each other away more. The further away that 2 like charged particles are the shorter the arrows because they are started further and push each other away less. When in movement, the two like charged particles are slower when near each other and move more freely when further away. When two opposite charged particles are in the same field they attract to each other. When they are closer than the arrows are smaller because the particles are together, when they are further the arrows are longer because the particles want to attract. When the size and direction of the external field are charged, the simulation area’s arrows became all uniform in that size or direction. The particles can no longer come together as easily as before due to the effects of the external field. The positive particle is moving the opposite direction of the arrows and the negative particle is moving towards the points of the arrows.

Part 2 ̶ Analysis 1. What is an electric field? 2. What causes electric fields to form? 3. What are two factors that help determine the strength of an electric field at any given point in space? How can you show these different strengths in your drawings of electric fields? 4. What determines the direction of an electric field at any given point in space? Compare and contrast the electric fields formed by positive and negative charges. Be specific. The physical field that surrounds charged particles. It shows the direction that the particles will move. It is the imaginary construction of vectors. Each monopole in the system will generate its own electric field. Charge of particle and mass. The length and number of vectors determines the strength of the field.

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5. Compare and contrast uniform fields with nonuniform fields. In your discussion, be sure to indicate how each type of field is created. 6. What happens when two or more electric fields overlap? Compare and contrast the electric fields formed with two positive charges versus two negative charges versus one of each type present. 7. When one charged particle is in the system, there is no motion unless the cursor pushes the particle. When two or more charged particles are in the system, the particles are no longer motionless. Explain this behavior. 7. 8. Explain the difference between an electric force and an electric field. When two or more electric fields overlap it depends on the charges. For instance if two positive charged fields overlap then they will repel each other and the fields would separate, the same would happen with two negative charges. If one of each charge is present the fields would be attracted and drawn together. The presence of a charge (negative or positive) and their distances. Negative causes a field with arrows that go towards the particle, while positive charged particles have a field that points away. An electric force pushes particles directly, while the field is the space in which the particle is present in. In a non-uniform field, the strength of the field depends on the position relative to the source charge. In a uniform field, all positions in the field have the same potential for force. A uniform field is formed when there is the same magnitude and direction everywhere. A non-uniform field has different magnitudes or directions.

8. 9. What are some of the limitations of this two-dimensional model of electric fields? Part 3 – Final Conclusions and Summary Give a concise summary of the findings for this lab. What do you understand now that you did not understand before? Be specific. Visualization can be limited in the model because of its dimensions. In real life, it can move indefinitely in directions. This lab helped visualize the movement and interactions in which particles can have in an electric field. I was able to change variables like charge of particle and mass of particle to see those interactions, which may have not be clear in my past knowledge. My observations in this lab elucidated that like charges repel and opposites attract, unless there is an external field acts against it. The closer that 2 like charged particles are together the longer the arrow because the particles are pushing each other away more. The further away that 2 like charged particles are the shorter the arrows because they are started further and push each other away less. When in movement, the two like charged particles are slower when near each other and move more freely when further away. When two opposite charged particles are in the same field they attract to each other. When they are closer than the arrows are smaller because the particles are together, when they are further the arrows are longer because the particles want to attract. I was able to use the simulation to visualize these happenings and although the visualization was limited since it is 2D, it still helped me lock in the concepts of electric fields and its interactions with different forces and charges.

Lab 02 worksheetCompleted(1)

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