Lab 3 Projectile Motion Completed

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Apr 3, 2024

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Sydney Hveem PHY 111 5/10/2023 Lab 3 – Projectile Motion Lab Purpose/Question The purpose of this lab is to analyze projectile motion of an object moving in two directions at once. To determine the position and velocity of the object, video analysis software will be used to analyze the object. Materials  Ball (optional)  Video recording device (optional)  Ruler or meter stick (optional)  LoggerPro. Procedures 1) Download the sample projectile motion video. 2) Load the video in the LoggerPro software by importing it. 3) Enable video analysis mode in order to create a position vs time graph. 4) Scroll through the frames of the video to find where the projectile is just leaving the surface level. Set the time to 0 seconds by checking the box “First VA point defines move time zero” under the options menu. 5) Click on the “Set Origin” button, then click the location on the video that will be (0,0). The origin should be where motion begins or ends.

6) Set the distance scale by selecting “Set Scale” button. Click on the end of the meter stick and drag the mouse to the other end. Specify the known distance and units that correspond with the distance in the video. 7) Track the projectile by navigating the frame where the motion begins. Click the location of the projectile in each frame. Stop when the object hits the floor. 8) Create the following graphs: horizontal position vs time, vertical position vs time, horizontal velocity vs time, and vertical velocity vs time. Photographs

Data Calculations & Graphs

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Horizontal Velocity Example Calculation: ( − 0.3959 m ) −(− 0.4930 m ) ( 0.1000 s ) −( 0.0330 s ) = 1.45 m / s Horizontal Motion Calculation: x = (1.462 m/s)(0.566 s) + (-0.5416 m) x = 0.286 m Horizontal Acceleration Calculation: ( 1.581 m / s ) −( 1.472 m / s ) ( 0.1000 s ) −( 0.0330 s ) = 1.63 m / s 2

Vertical Velocity Example Calculation: ( 0 . 7771 m ) −( 0.8389 m ) ( 0.1000 s ) −( 0.0330 s ) =− 0.92 m / s

Vertical Acceleration Calculation: ( − 1.379 m / s ) −(− 0.847 m / s ) ( 0.1000 s ) −( 0.0330 s ) =− 7.94 m / s 2 Vertical Motion Calculation: y = 0.5(-7.94 m/s 2 )(0.1000 s) 2 + (-0.713 m/s)(0 s) + 0.8595 m y = 0.8198 m Results The Horizontal Position vs Time graph shows the horizontal distance of the projectile at a given point in time. The projectile trends upward and to the right linearly from -0.6 meters at zero seconds before stopping at 0.0 meters at 0.4 seconds. The Horizontal Velocity graph shows the horizontal velocity of the projectile at a given point in time. The projectile trends upward and to the right from 1.5 meters per second at zero seconds and stops going upwards at 2.0 meters per second at 0.1 seconds. It then tends downwards from 2.0 meters per second at 0.1 seconds to 1.5 meters per second at 0.3 seconds. From 1.5 meters per second at 0.3 seconds it trends upward before stopping at 5.0 meters per second at 0.4 seconds. The Vertical Position vs Time graph shows the vertical distance of the projectile at a given point in time. The projectile consistently trends downward from 0.9 meters at zero seconds to 0.0 meters at 0.4 seconds. The Vertical Velocity graph shows the vertical velocity of the projectile at a given point in time. The projectile trends consistently downwards from -0.09 meters per second at zero seconds to -3.5 meters per second at 0.34 seconds.

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Conclusion In this lab, we study the motion of a projectile in both the horizontal and vertical positions at the same time. These motions are independent of each other, thus a change in the horizontal position does not change the value of the vertical position. In order to analyze these two motions, we separately measure both positions as well as the velocity, acceleration and displacement of the projectile. Measuring these values will allow us to find the trajectory of the projectile in motion. Per the results on the Horizontal Position vs Time graph, we see that the projectile is moving at linear rate to the right. We can conclude that the projectile is moving quickly due to the steep slope. The Horizontal Velocity vs Time graph shows the trendline with a changing velocity. The slope represents the acceleration of the projectile and shows that the projectile’s acceleration is changing. Due to the shallow slope, the velocity of the projectile is not changing very quickly. The horizontal velocity of the projectile is 8.098 m/s 2 . This was at a changing velocity and does fall in line with the projectile motion theory due to the curvature of the slope. Per the results on the Vertical Position vs Time graph, we see that the projectile is moving at a negative velocity starting slowly then moving more quickly near the ending position. The slope represents the velocity of the projectile. The curvature of the slope implies that the velocity of the projectile is changing. The Vertical Velocity vs Time graph shows the trendline sloping downwards linearly. The linear slope implies that the acceleration of the projectile does not change very much. The slope also implies that the velocity does change often. The acceleration due to gravity is -9.8 m/s 2 the acceleration Vertical Velocity vs Time graph is 2 m/s 2 higher at

-7.660 m/s 2 . By comparing the values, we can see that the projectile has a higher acceleration than the acceleration due to gravity. One source of error for this lab may be choosing the wrong starting point for the projectile. If the projectile is still on the flat surface during the beginning of the measurement, it can cause a decrease in the slope of both position vs time and velocity vs time graphs. References OpenStax. (2022, July 13). College Physics 2e. Openstax.org. https://openstax.org/books/college-physics-2e/pages/1-introduction-to-science-and-the-realm-of- physics-physical-quantities-and-units

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