Lab 2 Formal Report

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Sydney Hveem PHY 111 5/6/2023 Lab 2 – Kinematic Graphs Lab Purpose/Question The purpose of this lab is to analyze the motion of two different objects. This will be done by calculating the positions, velocities, and accelerations of the objects in any given moment in time. Materials Printer, paper, ruler, pen or pencil, tape and scissors Procedures 1) Print Tape 1 and Tape 2 strips and use a ruler to measure the positions of each object in 0.1 second intervals. 2) Create two separate data tables (one for each tape) listing the measurements for the positions (cm) of the dots and the times (s). Add a third column to calculate velocity (cm/s). 3) Calculate the velocity for each second in the time column for both tables. 4) Create a graph for each table showing the position of each dot vs time. Position will be on the vertical axis and time will be on the horizontal axis. Include a title, axis titles, a trendline, and a trendline equations.

5) Create a second graph for each table showing the velocity of each dot vs time. Velocity will be on the vertical axis and time will be on the horizontal axis. Include a title, axis titles, a trendline, and trendline equations. Photographs

Calculations & Graphs 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 f(x) = 17.57 x − 1.55 Tape 1 Position vs Time Time (s) Positoin (cm) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 f(x) = 5.64 x + 14.14 Tape 1 Velocity vs Time Time (s) Velocity (cm/s)

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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 f(x) = 32.95 x − 8.05 Tape 2 Position vs Time Time (s) Position (cm) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 f(x) = 56.79 x − 3.91 Tape 2 Velocity vs Time Time (s) Velocity (cm/s)

Velocity = (x 3 – x 1 )/(t 3 -t 1 ) Ex. (3.8cm - 0.6cm)/(0.3s - 0.1s) = 16.00 cm Acceleration = (v 3 -v 1 )/(t 3 -t 1 ) Ex. (16.5cm - 16.0cm)/(0.4cm - 0.2cm) = 2.5 cm/s 2 Results In Tape 1’s position vs time graph, the line’s equation states that y = 17.573x – 1.5527. This shows that the object is moving forward at a constant rate. In the velocity vs time graph, the line’s equation states that y = 5.6364x + 14.136. This shows that the velocity is trending upward as time moves forward. In Tape 2’s position vs time graph, the line’s equation states that y = 32.951x – 8.0515. This shows that the object is moving faster and forward. In the velocity vs time graph, the line’s equation states y = 56.788x - 3.9121. this shows that the velocity is trending upward as time moves forward. Conclusion The purpose of this lab is to analyze the motion of two different objects. This will be done by calculating the positions, velocities, and accelerations of the objects in any given moment in time. The position of an object means where it is located at a specific point in time. The velocity refers to the object’s speed in a given direction. The acceleration allows us to see whether the object’s speed is increasing in the same or different direction. Per the results, Tape 1 was moving in a constant rate and direction. The slope was positive, indicating that the object was moving in the forward rate. For Tape 2, the object was

also moving forward but not linearly. We can conclude that the position between each dot was not constant. One point of error while performing the experiment may be with the measurements between each point. This can cause the velocity calculations to be inconsistent. While I tried my best to be accurate, there is always a chance of inconsistency while measuring. Though the measurements may have been difficult, the results showed consistent data. Analysis Questions 1) Use your data and graphs to determine the position of both objects after 5.0 seconds of travel. Show work. Tape 1: y = 17.573x – 1.5527 y = 17.573(5) – 1.5527 y = 86.3123 cm traveled Tape 2: y = 5.6364x + 14.136 y = 5.6364(5) + 14.136 y = 42.318 cm traveled 2) How can you use the position graph for tape-1 to determine the velocity of the object? What is the velocity of the tape-1 object? The position from graph can be used to determine the velocity by calculating the slope between two points. (3.8cm - 2.2cm)/(0.3s -0.2s) = 16.00 cm/s

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3) How can you use the velocity graph for tape-2 to determine the acceleration of the object? What is the acceleration of the tape-2 object? The velocity graph can determine the acceleration by also finding the slope between two points. (13.00cm – 7.00cm)/(0.3s - 0.2s) = 60 cm/s 2 References OpenStax. (2022, July 13). College Physics 2e. Openstax.org. https://openstax.org/books/college-physics-2e/pages/1-introduction-to-science-and-the-realm-of- physics-physical-quantities-and-units

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