Wksht 1.4 Forces and energy

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Florida International University Name:__christian Gavidia_____ Wednesday January 17, 2024 Panther ID:_______6039275______________ Worksheet 1.4 Forces and Energy 1. You have an isolated system of two massed objects. a. Reflecting back on the example of Katie dropping the tennis ball, how do you think a gravitational force would change with respect to distance between the two massed objects (the ball and the ground)? As the distance between the two massed objects (in this case, the ball and the ground) decreases, the gravitational force between them This is because gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of the two masses. b. Explain in words what you think would happen to the potential energy as the massed objects move together. Why does the potential energy change in this way? The potential energy decreases as the two masses get closer together because there is an attractive force between the masses. c. After examining the axes below, now draw a graph indicating how the potential energy of the system changes with distance between the two masses. We will define the potential energy of the two masses at a great distance (where they don't interact) as starting at the distance axis. (Hint: Where would objects at a great distance be located on your distance axis? This is the starting point.) d. Since the system is isolated, what do you think will happen to the kinetic energy as the potential energy changes? In an isolated system, the total energy is constant. As the potential energy decreases the kinetic energy will increase. The kinetic energy increases because the objects accelerate toward each other. D i s t a n c e b e t w e e n Potential energy

Florida International University Name:__christian Gavidia_____ Wednesday January 17, 2024 Panther ID:_______6039275______________ 2. Now let us think about an isolated system consisting of two oppositely charged species . a. How do you think an electrostatic force would change with respect to distance between two oppositely charged species ? (Reflect back to the electric field hockey simulation if needed). As the opposite charges move closer together, the attractive electrostatic force will increase. b. Explain in words what you think would happen to the potential energy as the two opposite charged species move together. Why does the potential energy change in this way? The attractive electrostatic force causes the potential energy to drop as the two opposite charged species approach each other. c. After examining the axes below, now draw a graph to show how the potential energy of the system changes with distance between the two opposite charged species . We will define the potential energy of the two charged objects at a great distance (where they don't interact) as starting at the distance axis. (Hint: Where would objects at a great distance be located on your distance axis? This is the starting point.) d. Since the system is isolated, what do you think will happen to the kinetic energy as the potential energy changes? In an isolated system, the total energy is constant. As the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy will increase. o b j e c t s ( r )

Florida International University Name:__christian Gavidia_____ Wednesday January 17, 2024 Panther ID:_______6039275______________ 3. Now you have an isolated system consisting of two charged species of the same sign . a. How do you think an electrostatic force would change with respect to distance between two charged species of the same sign ? (Reflect back to the electric field hockey simulation if needed). As the charges with the same sign move closer together, the repulsive electrostatic force will increase. b. Explain in words what is happening to the potential energy as the two charged species of the same sign move together. Why does the potential energy change in this way? The potential energy increases as the two objects move closer together. This is because of the repulsive force between the two objects. c. After examining the axes below, I will now draw a graph to show how the potential energy of the system changes with distance between the two charged species of the same sign . (Hint: Where would objects at a great distance be located on your distance axis? This is the starting point.) 4. Comparing the potential energy graphs in 2c and 3c, do they look similar or different? Explain. 2C is a system for a attractive force and 3C is a system for a repulsive force.

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