Fall2023 Reflection and Refraction Lab Online-1

pdf

School

University of Texas, San Antonio *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1951

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by MegaJellyfishPerson977

1 Reflection and Refraction Lab Online Purpose The purpose of the first part of this activity is to determine the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection for a light ray reflecting from flat, concave, and convex mirrors. The purpose for the second part is to examine the relationshop of the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for a light ray passing through a rhombus prism. Use a light source, three-way mirror, rhombus prism, and protractor to measure angles of a light ray. Background: Reflection When a ray of light strikes a plane mirror, the light ray reflects off the mirror. Reflection involves a change in direction of the light ray. The convention used to express the direction of a light ray is to indicate the angle which the light ray makes with a normal drawn to the surface of the mirror (a line that is perpendicular to the surface). The angle of incidence is the angle between this normal and the incident ray; the angle of reflection is the angle between this normal and the reflected ray. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. To view an image of an object in a mirror, you must sight along a line at the image location. As you sight at the image, light travels to your eye along the path shown in the diagram. The diagram shows that the light reflects off the mirror in such a manner that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Refraction The most common example of refraction is the bending of light on passing from air to a liquid, which causes submerged objects to appear displaced from their actual positions. Refraction is also the reason that prisms separate white light into its constituent colors. Refraction is commonly explained in terms of the wave theory of light and is based on the fact that light travels with greater velocity in some media than it does in others. When, for example, a ray of light traveling through air strikes the surface of a piece of glass at an angle, one side of the wave front enters the glass before the other and is retarded (since light travels more slowly in glass than in air), while the other side continues to move at its original speed until it too reaches the glass.

2 As a result, the ray bends inside the glass, i.e., the refracted ray lies in a direction closer to the normal (the perpendicular to the boundary of the media) than does the incident ray. A light ray entering a different medium is called the incident ray. After bending, the ray is called the refracted ray. The speed at which a given transparent medium transmits light waves is related to its optical density (not to be confused with mass or weight density ). In general, a ray is refracted toward the normal when it passes into a denser medium, and away from the normal when it passes into a less dense medium. The law of refraction relates the angle of incidence (angle between the incident ray and the normal) to the angle of refraction (angle between the refracted ray and the normal). This law, credited to Willebrord Snell, states that the ratio of the sin of the angle of incidence, 𝜽 𝒊 , to the sin of the angle of refraction, 𝜽 ? , is equal to the ratio of the speed of light in the original medium, 𝒗 𝒊 , to the speed of light in the refracting medium, 𝒗 ? . Snell's law is often stated in terms of the indexes of refraction of the two media rather than the speeds of light in the media. The index of refraction, n , of a transparent medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c , to the speed of light in the medium: n = c/v . Using indexes of refraction, Snell’s Law (also known as the Law of Refraction) takes the form 𝑛 𝑖 sin(𝜃 𝑖 ) = 𝑛 𝑟 sin(𝜃 𝑟 ) Snell’ s law has two special cases: critical angle and total internal reflection. When the angle of incidence makes a 90° angle of refraction, total internal reflection occurs. When there is total internal reflection, then you can obtain the critical angle. The critical angle is measured with respect to the normal at the refractive boundary and is equivalent to 𝜃 𝑟 = 90° → 𝜃 𝑖 = 𝜃 𝑐 = arcsin ( 𝑛 𝑟 𝑛 𝑖 ). The critical angle only takes place when the light is traveling from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with lower index of refraction. This is to say, we find the critical angle when the value of the incident theta is equal to 90° and thus sin(θ i ) is equal to 1. The resulting value of the refracted theta will then be equal to the critical angle. For total internal reflection to occur, n i must be greater than n r . N 1 N 2

Setup 1. Go to the following website: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light 2. You should now see the following. 3. Click on Download, and open when finished downloading. 4. You should now see the following. 5. Double Click the “More Tools” option. 6. You should now see the following:

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

4 Procedure for Reflection 1. In the Grey Box near the top left of your screen select ‘Ray’, and set the wavelength of the light to 650 nm. 2. In the Grey Box near the left and center of your screen, Click and Drag the protractor out to the center of your screen such that the 0 degree mark is aligned with the vertical dashed line, and the 90 degree mark is aligned with interface of the two materials. 3. Your screen should now look like the following:

4. Click the red button on the light source to turn on the light. a. Move the light source such that the Angle of Incident is 15 0 . b. Record the Angle of Incident and the Angle of Reflection in Table 1. c. Repeat for the following angles: 30 0 , 45 0 , 60 0 , and 75 0 . Procedure for Refraction 1. In the two Grey Boxes on the right side of your screen set the first Index of Refraction to Air, n = 1 (The Grey Box in the white background), and set the second Index of Refraction to Mystery B (The Grey Box in the purple background). 2. In the Grey Box on the left and center of your screen Click and Drag the Speed measuring tool out to somewhere near the center of your screen. 3. You should now see the following. 4. Move the light source so that the Angle of Incidence is 15 0 . a. Measure and record the Angle of Incidence and the Angle of Refraction in Table 2. b. Repeat this process for the following angles: 30 0 , 45 0 , 60 0 , 75 0 . 5. Using the Speed device measure the speed of the light in the Mystery B material, then record the speed in Table 3. Procedure for Critical Angle 1. Click and Drag the Speed device back to the Grey Box near the left and center of your screen. 2. Set the first material to Mystery B. and set the second material to Air. 3. Your screen should now look like the following:

6 4. Move the light source around till you find the Angle of Incidence right before the refracted light ray appears in the second material (Air). a. Record this angle in Table 3.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Analysis of Reflection and Refraction Lab Online Name_Juan Sarabia_____________________________________________ Course/Section_PHY-1971______________________________________ Instructor_Christopher Dunn___________________________________________ Table 1 (10 points) Angle of Incidence 𝜽 𝒊 (degrees) Angle of Reflection 𝜽 ? (degrees) 15 10.0 30 19.5 45 28.1 60 35.1 75 40.1 1. What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection? (5 points) The relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is Ѳ Table 2 (20 Points) Angle of Incidence 𝜽 𝒊 (degrees) Angle of Refraction 𝜽 ? (degrees) 15 10.7 30 20.9 45 30.4 60 38.2 75 43.7 2. Use Excel to graph the sin of the angle of incidence vs the sin of the angle of refraction. From the graph, determine the Index of Refraction of the material the rhombus is made from. Make sure to turn in this graph with your lab Worksheet. (15 points)

8 3. Describe the relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction. (10 points) Sin i is proportional to Sin v Table 3 (10 points) 4. Using the Index of Refraction for the Mystery B material you obtained from question 2 calculate the Speed of Light in Mystery B material. Show work. (5 points) N=1.4008 n=c/v -> v=c/n = 3.0x10^8/1.4008= 2.1416 x 10^8 m/s 0.71c 5. Calculate the % error between your calculated Speed of light in Mystery B material and your measured Speed of light in Mystery Material B. Show work. (5 points) 0.71-0.71/0.71 =0(100)=0 6. Using the measured index of refraction, calculate the critical angle for the Mystery B material surrounded by air. Show work. (10 points) Equation of the slope = 1.4008 1/1.4008=0.713878(sin^-1) =45.55 Speed of light in Material ( 𝒎 ? ) 0.71 Critical Angle (𝜽 𝒄 ) 45.8

7. What is the percent error between the measured and calculated values of the critical angle? Use the calculated as the theoretical value. Show work. (5 points) 45.8-45.55/45.55=0.00546(100)=0.5% 8. Using Snell’s Law, explain why the index of refraction is a dimensionless quantity. (5 points) n=speed in vacuum(m/s)/speed in material (m/s) n=(m/s)/(m/s) So refractive Index is defined as the relative speed at which light moves through a material with respect to its speed in vacuum.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Walker Renewable.docx

Project 3 Momentum and Energy.docx

PHY 132 - Magnetic Field worksheet.pdf

PHY 132 - e_m of the Electron worksheet.pdf

E-Field Plotting worksheet.pdf

Fall2023 Thin Lenses Lab Online (New Simulator)-1.pdf

L10 Refraction of Light.docx

Lab 9 Magnetic Fields Adam Stancil.docx

L6 Projectile Motion.docx

phy112l.lab3resistancewire3.docx

Lab Report 2.pdf

magnetic force lab report.docx

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

Physics

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781285737027

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Physics

ISBN:9781337553278

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...

Physics

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning