1404_Ch 5 Assignment Done

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Dec 6, 2023

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PHYS 1404: Chapter 5 – Gravity –Assignment © 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved. Write your Name. Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity. Name: Alexis Diaz 1. “A long-awaited asteroid sample has landed in the US” read the article in the “Current events” under “Content” tab. Explain the concept in your own words in 10 – 15 sentence summary. NASA has successfully delivered a pristine sample from the near-Earth asteroid Bennu, marking the first time the agency has accomplished such a feat. The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, which stands for Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer, lifted off in 2016 and began orbiting Bennu in 2018. The mission traveled 3.86 billion miles total to Bennu and back, dropping the sample capsule containing an estimated 8.8 ounces of asteroid rocks and soil from a distance of 63,000 miles (102,000 kilometers) above Earth's surface early Sunday. The capsule entered the planet's atmosphere at 10:42 a.m. ET while traveling at a speed of about 27,650 miles per hour (44,498 kilometers per hour). Parachutes deployed to slow the capsule to a gentle touchdown at 11 miles per hour (17.7 kilometers per hour). The sample landed in the Defense Department’s Utah Test and Training Range about 10 minutes after entering the atmosphere, a few minutes ahead of schedule. The mission now has a new name: OSIRIS- APEX, for Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-APophis EXplorer. Recovery and research teams conducted assessments to ensure the capsule was not damaged during landing. The capsule was retrieved once it was safe, and a science team collected samples
PHYS 1404: Chapter 5 – Gravity –Assignment © 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved. Write your Name. Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity. from the landing site, including air, dust, and dirt particles. Details about the sample will be revealed through a NASA broadcast from Johnson Space Center on October 11. Researchers plan to collect fine-grained material at the top of the canister Tuesday for a quick analysis that can be shared in October. About 70% of the sample will remain pristine in storage so future generations with better technology can learn even more. 2. What is the speed of a falling object after it has been dropping for 7 seconds? 39.2 . What is the acceleration of the object after it has been dropping for 5 seconds? 9.8 3. According to Galileo, all objects fall at the same rate regardless of weight. Why then do we observe a bowling ball and crumpled sheet of paper falling faster than a feather or flat sheet? Air resistance 4. The Earth has the fastest speed in its orbital path when it is at Perihelion (perihelion/aphelion/all points the same). 5. Spring tides are stronger than Neap tides. 6. Which phases of the moon are associated with the strongest tides? Full and new moon 7. If you were going to hit a baseball hard enough for it to leave the Earth and never fall back down, you would have to give it a velocity of at least 11.2 m/s. What is this velocity called? Scape 8. Force due to gravity between two objects depends on these two factors. a) Mass
PHYS 1404: Chapter 5 – Gravity –Assignment © 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved. Write your Name. Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity. b) Distance 9. State Einstein’s basic postulates of relativity. 1) The laws of physics have the same form in all inertial reference frames 2) Light propagates through empty space with a definite speed c independent of the speed of the observer 3 ) In the limit of low speeds, the gravity formalism should agree with Newtonian gravity What are Geosynchronous satellites and where are they used currently? Geosynchronous satellites are earth satellites in an eastern orbit whose period is 24 hours, and they remain on a fixed spot on equator. They are used in communications and weather satellites. 10. Describe Newton’s laws of motion. a) A body continues at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by an external force b) The acceleration of a body is inversely proportion to its mass, directly proportion to the force c) To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction 11. State Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence. E = mc 2 12 “Escape Velocity | What is Escape Velocity?” watch the video in the “Current events” under “Content” tab. Explain the concept in your own words in 10 – 15 sentence summary and how is it related to this chapter.
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PHYS 1404: Chapter 5 – Gravity –Assignment © 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved. Write your Name. Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity. Escape velocity is the velocity required for a body to escape from a gravitational centre of attraction without further acceleration. It is expressed as vesc, where G is the gravitational constant, M is the attracting mass, and r is the distance from the center. Escape velocity decreases with altitude and is equal to the square root of 2 times the velocity needed to maintain a circular orbit at the same altitude. At Earth's surface, escape velocity is about 11.2 km per second, while at the Moon's surface, it is about 2.4 km per second. Planets or moons cannot retain an atmosphere if their escape velocity is low enough to be near the average velocity of gas molecules. Inside a black hole, escape velocity exceeds the speed of light, making it impossible for even rays of light to escape into space.

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