Refraction and Reflection and Thin lens LAB

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Valencia College *

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1007C

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Dec 6, 2023

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Lab 8: Refraction and Reflection and Thin Lens ___ Jailynn Diaz PHY 1007C
2 INTRODUCTION In this experiment, I will be determining the refractive index of a glass block with a ray of light going through the figure using the data provided in the lab. The second purpose of this experiment is determining the focal length by taking a convex lens, a light source, and a screen and measuring the distance between the image and the lens. The theory in this experiment for a thin lens is 1/f = 1/d0 + 1/di. Experimental Setup Procedure: I. FOCAL LENGTH USING AN OBJECT AT INFINITY 1. Using one of the positive lenses, focus a distant light source on a paper. 2. Measure the distance from the lens to the paper. This is the image distance. 3. Take the limit as the object distance goes to infinity in the Thin Lens formula: Solve for the focal length. f =___________________ 4. If you look at the label near the base of your lens, it gives you its focal length in mm, for example, +20mm means 20mm focal length converging lens. A negative focal length means a diverging lens. How well does this number compare with your results in 3? Why might it be different? II. FOCAL LENGTH BY PLOTTING vs. a. On the optical bench, position the lens between a light source (the object) and a screen. Be sure the object and the screen are at least 0.80 meter apart.
3 b. Move the lens to a position where an image of the object is formed on the screen. Measure the image distance and the object distance. The image distance is the distance from the screen to the center of the lens. The object distance is the distance from the light source to the corner of the lens. Record all measurements in table 3.1. c. Measure the object size (on the screen of the light source) and the image size for this position of the lens. d. Move the lens to a second position where the image is in focus (do not move the screen or light source). Measure the image distance and the object distance. e. Measure the image size for this position also. f. Move the screen toward the object until you can no longer find two positions of the lens where the image will focus. Then move the screen a few centimeters further away from the object. Repeat parts b and d for this position of the screen and for 4 other intermediate positions of the screen. This will give you 6 sets of data points (a total of 12 data points). g. Plot vs. using the 12 data points. This will give a straight line and the x- and y- intercepts are equal to l/f . Be sure that your axis range goes all the way down to zero or this will not work. h. Find the percent difference between the two values of the focal length found from the intercepts. Then average these two values and find the percent difference between this average and the focal length found in Part I. i. For the first two sets of data points ONLY, use image and object distances to find the magnification at each point of the lens. Magnification= M= Then, using your measurements of the image size and object size, find the magnification by measuring the image size and object size.
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4 Data Acrylic rhombus with ray undergoing refraction. Angle of incidence Angle of refraction N rhombus 72.5° 39.9° 1.5 57° 34.2° 1.5 33° 23° 1.4 Average index refraction 1.47 Accepted index of refraction 1.5 % difference 2% Sample Calculations: n1sin(72.5 °) = n2sin(39.9°) = 1.48 = 1.5 % difference= |1.5 - 1.47| —---------- x 100 = 2 % | 1.5 |
5 Table 1 f = 100 mm Object distance cm Image distance cm 1/do cm 1/di cm 20 20.6 1/20 1/20.6 76.9 11.8 1/76.9 1/11.8 11.6 77.1 1/11.6 1/77.1 57.8 12.5 1/57.8 1/12.5 52.8 13.1 1/52.8 1/13.1 12.1 53.8 1/12.1 1/53.8 64 12.1 1/64 1/12.1 11.8 64.3 1/11.8 1/64.3
6 33.3 14.3 1/33.3 1/14.3 14.2 33.2 1/14.2 1/33.2 Focal length 76.67+58.2/2 = 68 mm % error calculations known : 100 mm |100-68| _______________x100= 32% | 100 |
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7 Questions 1. Is the image formed by the lens erect or inverted? The image formed by the lens is inverted. 2. Is the image real or virtual? How do you know? The image is real because real images are formed on the other side of the lens. 3. Explain why, for a given screen-object distance, there are two positions where the image is in focus. A lens will always have two focal lengths on either side, so two values are possible due to the two positions. 4. Why is the magnification negative? The magnification is negative because inverted images have negative values. Conclusion In this experiment I was able to determine the refractive distance of a ray of light going through a glass cube accurately. I also took the data provided and calculated the focal length of a lens. When doing my % error calculations I realized that my experimental value was not exact to the known value and I was not sure how to get a more accurate number after multiple attempts. This experiment helped me to learn more about determining the focal length of an object.

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