The Effect of a Magnetic Field on Moving Charges (1) (1)

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Name ___________________________________________ Date ______________________ Class ________________________ The Effect of a Magnetic Field on Moving Charges Purpose To investigate the effect of a changing magnetic field on various moving charges. Connections to What You Already Know About in Life Did you know that there is a vast amount of technology today that uses the principle that a magnetic field affects an electric charge? From electric motors, doorbells, maglev trains and electromagnets to TV screens. For example, Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) uses magnetic fields to manipulate electrons to view soft tissues in the human body. Vocabulary Alpha particles, electrons, magnetic field, voltage Background Streams of charged particles are deflected in magnetic fields. This was a pivotal discovery at the turn of twentieth century from the contributions of Michael Faraday, Hans Christian Oersted, John Joseph Thomson, Hendrik Lorentz, and many other early physicists. The discovery that flowing electrons could be affected by magnets and that there was a connection between the fields of electricity and magnetism was a novel, seemingly absurd theory. The initial experiments of Thomson formed the basis of this common technology which at the time was completely revolutionary. Procedure Section 1 1. Start Virtual Physics and select The Effect of a Magnetic Field on Moving Charges from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Quantum laboratory. 2. The experiment will be setup on the table. There is an electron gun on the left side of the as the source. There is a phosphor screen on the right-hand side of the table to detect the charged particles. Turn on the phosphor screen by clicking on the green/red button. 3. Click on the Grid button on the phosphor screen. Set the Magnetic Field to 30 µT. (Click the button above the tens place three times. If you mistakenly click between digits, it will move the decimal point. Click it to place it where it was originally and then click above the tens place.) Questions 1. What do you observe when the phosphor screen is turned on and what do you think that shows? 2. What happens to the spot from the electron gun on the phosphor screen when the magnetic field is turned on? pg. 1 - The Effect of a Magnetic Field on ... © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

Name ___________________________________________ Date ______________________ Class ________________________ 3. What do you think would happen to the spot if you increased the voltage of the electrons leaving the electron gun? Why? Procedure Section 2 1. Increase the voltage of the source by clicking above the hundreds place on the electron gun voltage controller. You are not changing the number of electrons leaving the gun just giving them greater kinetic energy. Answer questions 4 and 5. 2. Test your prediction, then zero out the Magnetic Field meter by clicking on the appropriate digit buttons until the spot on the phosphor screen is centered again. 3. Double-click or click and drag the electron gun to move it to the Stockroom counter. Enter the Stockroom by clicking inside the Stockroom . Double-click the electron gun to move it back to the shelf. Double-click on the alpha source to select it and move it to the Stockroom counter. Click on the green Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab. Drag the alpha source from the Stockroom counter and place it on the table where the electron gun was originally placed (the middle spot light). Click on the front of the alpha source to open the shutter. 4. Change the unit for the Magnetic Field from µT to mT by clicking once above the unit. Click above the hundreds place three times to set the Magnetic Field to 300 mT (millitesla). This magnetic field is one million times stronger than what we used for the electron gun. Questions 4. What happens to the spot on the phosphor screen when you change the voltage? Why does this happen? 5. What do you think would happen to the spot now if you increased the strength of the magnetic field that the electron beam is passing through? Why? 6. What appears on the phosphor screen when the alpha source is used? What charge do alpha particles have? 7. Which direction did the spot move when you increased the magnetic field with the alpha source? How does this compare with the direction of movement for the electron beam in the magnetic field? pg. 2 - The Effect of a Magnetic Field on ... © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

Name ___________________________________________ Date ______________________ Class ________________________ 8. Why are moving charged particles deflected in magnetic field? A charged particle at rest wouldn’t be affected by the magnetic field at all, so why are the moving particles affected? 9. Why does it take significantly stronger magnetic field strength to move the beam of alpha particles compared with the beam of electrons (beta particles)? 10. What technologies or applications of the connection between electric and magnetic fields can you think of? Describe the physical processes. pg. 3 - The Effect of a Magnetic Field on ... © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

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