Exoplanet lab Worksheet

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Clemson University *

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1030

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exoplanet lab Worksheet These lab activities have evolved over many years of use in Clemson University’s Department of Physics and Astronomy general astronomy laboratory. Contributors include, in chronological order, Tom Collins, Mark Leising, Neil Miller, Peter Milne, Grant Williams, Donna Mullenax, Jessica Crist, Keith Davis, Amber Porter, Steven Bromley, and David Connick. Please direct all questions, complaints, and corrections to David Connick (dconnic@clemson.edu) who is responsible for all errors and omissions. Student Name: _________________________________________________Section: _______ I. Introduction Make sure that you have completely read the introductory material before beginning this worksheet. II. Kepler mission collecting data Table 1 Star ID First Transit time First Transit width (days) Flux before dip Flux at bottom of dip Second Transit Time Second Transit width (days) Kepler-857 Kepler-424 III. Calculations with Transit Data Table 2 Star ID Period P (years) Average transit width ∆t (days) Change in Flux ∆F Semi-Major Axis, a (AU) Radius of Star, Rs (meters) Radius of Planet, Rp (meters) Kepler-857 Kepler-424 1) Describe how do the properties of your planets (a and Rp) compare to our solar system planets? (you should look up the semi major axis and the radius of some of the planets in the solar system to compare) 2) What assumptions do you make in estimating the radius of the star, Rs?

3) Is the actual radius likely larger or smaller than what you calculated? Explain. 4) Describe the shapes of the transit dips in relation to the movement of the planet and star. Connect features in the dip with the position of the planet. Return to instructions to update the plot before answering the next questions. IV. Exoplanet Period vs. Mass 5) In the orbital period vs. mass plot, describe any grouping or clustering you see. 6) Where on the plot are ‘hot Jupiters’ and ‘Super Earths’ represented? Explain Return to instructions to update the plot before answering the next questions. 7) What are the typical orbital periods of those planets discovered by the transit method? 8) Why would those be limited to the observed range? 9) What are the typical masses for planets found by the radial velocity method? 10) Why are radial velocity method planet detections dominated by this range of mass? Return to the instructions to update the plot for the next questions. V. Exoplanet Radius vs. Mass 11) For planets above 1 Jupiter mass, describe how the radius depends on planet mass? For example, consider the slope. 12) Now consider planets with mass smaller than 1 Jupiter mass. Describe how their radius depends on planet mass. 13) Propose an explanation why the dependence of radius on mass seems to be different for smaller planets than large ones. Consider the composition of planets in our solar system for possible ideas. Return to the instructions to update the plot for the next questions. VI. Exoplanet Discovery Timeline 14) How many exoplanets were discovered before you were born? 15) What are the major differences in the graph since the start of the 21st century(the year

2000)? 16) What is similar about the discoveries made in the 21st century compared to those made before?

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