Building Circuits with Light Bulbs (1)

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Name Anthony Cervantes Date 10/11/2023 Class PHYSICS_011 Building Circuits with Light Bulbs Purpose To construct series and parallel circuits and measure the voltage and current through each type of circuit. Connections to What You Already Know About in Life Electronic devices like your computer or video game system require a certain amount of current to operate. If they get too little they won’t function properly because they don’t have enough power to run. If they get too much current, the electronic components can overheat, explode or break and the device will not work. The way electronic components are connected in a circuit affects how much current they will get when the circuit is connected. Vocabulary Current, parallel, series, voltage Background Electric circuits require a great amount of knowledge of the device you are trying to build. You need to know if you can use series or parallel connections to control the current running through the devices. Components that are wired in series have the same current flowing through each of them. Components wired in parallel split the current and only have a portion of the current flowing through each part. There are benefits to both types of wiring as you will see. In this activity you will study each type and learn the different applications of series and parallel circuits. Procedure 1. Start Virtual Physics and select Building Circuits with Light Bulbs from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Circuits laboratory. 2. The laboratory will be set up with all of the components in the storage compartments at the bottom of the screen. You won’t build directly on the breadboard, but on the circuit diagram and you will be able to see the circuit built on the breadboard as you work. You can follow the instructions below to determine how to place the components on the circuit diagram and build the appropriate circuits. 3. You will first build a simple DC light bulb series circuit on the pad of paper. You will build it in phases and examine each phase as you go along. a. Phase 1: One light bulb i. Place a light bulb on the paper. Add the function generator symbol. Connect wires between the function generator and the bulb. Your circuit should be complete now. Rewire the circuit if you need to, to make sure everything connects. ii. Change the function generator to DC voltage. Increase the voltage of the source to 50 V and record in the table if the light bulb lights or not. pg. 1 - Building Circuits with Light Bulbs © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

Name Anthony Cervantes Date 10/11/2023 Class PHYSICS_011 b. Phase 2: Two light bulbs in series i. Bring out another small light bulb and connect it in series with the first light bulb by setting them right next to each other and reconnecting the wires between the bulbs and the voltage source. ii. Record in the table if both light bulbs light and rate their brightness relative to how bright the single light bulb was. c. Phase 3: Three light bulbs in series i. Now add another light bulb in series with the other two. Reconnect the wires to complete the circuit. You may need to click the Reset Lab button to clear everything and rebuild if the bulbs don’t connect on the breadboard the way you expect. ii. Record in the table if all three light bulbs light and rate their brightness again. iii. Pull out one of the bulbs, but don’t change any of the other wires and record what happens. Series Circuit Data Table Number of Light Bulbs Which bulbs light? Brightness 1 1 Light was bright. 2 2 The two light bulbs lit up but weren’t as bright as the first light bulb. 3 3 Yet again, the 3 lightbulbs lit up but the lights were not as bright as one and two. 1 light bulb removed 0 No shine. 4. You will now build a simple parallel DC circuit. You will build it in phases and examine each phase as you go along. a. Phase 1: Two light bulbs in parallel i. Remove the third light bulb by dragging it to the side of the paper. ii. Move the second light bulb to be below the first bulb and reconnect the wires so they are connected in parallel. iii. Record in the table if both light bulbs light and rate their relative brightness as compared to just one light bulb. b. Phase 2: Three light bulbs in parallel pg. 2 - Building Circuits with Light Bulbs © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

Name Anthony Cervantes Date 10/11/2023 Class PHYSICS_011 i. Now add another light bulb in parallel with the other two. ii. Record in the table if all three light bulbs light and rate their relative brightness as compared to just one light bulb and compared to the 2 light bulbs. iii. Pull out one of the bulbs, but don’t change any of the other wires and record what happens. Parallel Circuit Data Table Number of Light Bulbs Which bulbs light? Brightness 2 2 Both were bright, like the first lightbulb experiment. 3 3 All three of the light bulbs were bright, as mentioned like the first experiment and 2 light bulbs. 1 light bulb removed Lightbulbs that were connected to circuit. All the lightbulbs connected to the circuit lit up and were bright, like all the other lightbulbs previously tested. Questions 1. In the series circuit what characteristic was common throughout the experiment? What changed as you added more light bulbs? The characteristic common throughout the experiment was that the current was the same. The voltage speed throughout the lightbulbs changed as it was reduced. Which means the more light bulbs the less voltage for each light bulb which then resulted in the lights becoming dimmer. 2. In the parallel circuit what characteristic was the same throughout the experiment? No, the light intensity maintained as more light bulbs were added and when one was removed the rest lit up with more voltage. The voltage throughout the bulbs is constant throughout the experiment and was at a certain level. 3. Using your observations from questions 1 & 2, why would knowing these characteristics of circuits be important in designing electrical circuits? The observations asked in questions 1 and 2 are important when it comes to electrical circuits because knowing how much voltage across the circuit helps determine how bright the light bulb will be which will then determine how3 much voltage is needed. When designing electrical circuits one will know how much is needed and how to determine the voltage to get the desired end goal. pg. 3 - Building Circuits with Light Bulbs © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

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Name Anthony Cervantes Date 10/11/2023 Class PHYSICS_011 4. If you wanted to check to see if a set of Christmas lights were connected in series or parallel how could you do this? Well, it’s simple, I’d take away one lightbulb from the string of lights when plugged in and this will help determine when on if that one light bulb stops all the other light bulbs from working when the lightbulb isn’t connected. If the lights continue working, then it is connected in a parallel series. 5. Name two examples of series circuits. Name one example of parallel circuit. Series Circuits examples: Light switches, and water heater Parallel circuit examples: Car headlights, and Lamp Switch Extension Activity Connect two light bulbs in series with a DC voltage source. Then add a light bulb in parallel with the first light bulb. What happens to the brightness of the bulb that is in series with the two parallel bulbs? What happens when you have 3 bulbs in parallel and then the one bulb in series with that whole combination? Why do you think the brightness changes as you see? The 3 bulbs have the same brightness when it comes to a circuit with one bulb that has two parallel bulbs. When the 3 bulbs are in parallel and the one bulb in series all 4 bulbs will have similar brightness levels. When we compare these two systems the bulbs in each system have the same brightness to them no matter the circumstance. pg. 4 - Building Circuits with Light Bulbs © Beyond Labz , all rights reserved

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