PHYS222_Lab6

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The University of Tennessee, Knoxville *

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222

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Name: Taylor Totorp Email: ttotorp@vols.utk.edu Laboratory 6 Report Goal: This lab focuses on how polarization can affect the transverse electromagnetic waves. Activity 1: 2 Polarizers – As the polarizer is rotated, the light intensity is lessened the closer it gets to being rotated 90 or 270 degrees and strengthen the closer it gets to 0 and 180 degrees. 3 Polarizers – With the three polarizers, it has the same reaction with the light intensity is lessened the closer it gets to being rotated 90 or 270 degrees and strengthen the closer it gets to 0 and 180 degrees when rotating the last one. However, the light intestity is stronger with the 3 polarizers Experiment 1: angle (deg) angle (rad) I (mW) I 0 *cos 2 (angle) 0 0 0.900 0.9 10 0.174532925 0.873 0.872861679 20 0.34906585 0.795 0.794719999 30 0.523598776 0.676 0.675 40 0.698131701 0.528 0.52814168 50 0.872664626 0.372 0.37185832 60 1.047197551 0.225 0.225 70 1.221730476 0.105 0.105280001 80 1.396263402 0.027 0.027138321 90 1.570796327 0.000 3.37446E-33 100 1.745329252 0.027 0.027138321 110 1.919862177 0.105 0.105280001 120 2.094395102 0.225 0.225 130 2.268928028 0.372 0.37185832 140 2.443460953 0.528 0.52814168 150 2.617993878 0.676 0.675 160 2.792526803 0.795 0.794719999 170 2.967059728 0.873 0.872861679 180 3.141592654 0.900 0.9

• The results of my graph verify the Law of Malus because it follows the behavior of the cosine of the angle that is expected. • There is a slight uncertainty, as can be expected in any experiment. There is uncertainty, as seen in graph, because it doesn’t fully reach 0 at 90 degrees. However, the uncertainties are too small (5.51091E-17) to have any effect on the outcome. Experiment 2: 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 I 0 *cos 2 (angle) angle (rad) I0*cos2(angle) vs. Angle

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• The angle of the glass slide post (the Brewster angle θ B ) was 60.0 degrees. • The index of refraction of the glass slide (n glass ) is 1.732 , which is reasonable. Calculation: (tan60.0) = 1.6320508757 • Glare reducing sunglasses work like this experiment does to get rid of horizontal light (aka the glare). They cut the intensity of the light down 50% as the glass slide post did. Then they block the horizontally polarized light and let through the vertically polarized light through, like the experiment polarizer did just oppositely. Reflection: This lab used an online experiment simulation in order to demonstrate and understand how polarization affects electromagnetic waves (light). The first activity just introduced how the polarizers worked and helped me better understand how when they are rotated it will affect the light intensity, being more intense close to 0 and 180 degrees and less intense close to 90 and 270 degrees. The light disappeared completely at 90 and 270 degrees. This was expected and created the foundation for each of the next experiments to follow. The first experiment then dove into quantifiable measurements of this intensity to prove the Law of Malus. In my experiment I found that the variations in intensity did follow this law due to the correct curvature of the graph produced with some uncertainty. Some uncertainty was expected, as with any experiment, but due to how close to 0 the graph got to 90 degrees it was not affecting the results. Lastly, experiment 2 set up a system with the glass slide to find it’s Brewster angle and index of refraction. In my experiment it took a very long time for me to find the perfect angle, but once I did everything started to come together to go as expected. My experiment found that the Brewster angle was 60.0 degrees and calculated that from that the index of refraction of the glass slide was 1.732.

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