Kendall Widdel - Physics Lab 3

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Dec 6, 2023

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Name: Kendall Widdel E-mail address: kwiddel@vols.utk.edu Laboratory 3 Report The goal of this experiment is to learn more about Newtons 2 nd law of motion, to help us understand acceleration, gravity, and the movement of an object. Observation Describe the motion as the ball is falling. The ball falls straight down  Estimate how long it takes the ball to reach the floor. About 3 seconds  What can you say about the speed of the ball as a function of the distance it has already fallen? The ball’s speed would increase the closer it got to the ground  If you drop the ball from about half of your height, does it take approximately half the time to reach the floor? About half the time yes, but it would not have as fast of speed by the end because it was a shorter distance Experiment 1

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Position vs Time Time (s) Position (m)  Describe your graph. Does it resemble a straight line? If not, what does it look like? The graph has a positive slope and is increasing at an increasing rate  Was the ball moving with constant velocity? How can you tell? The ball was not moving at a constant velocity because it began to curve upward as the time got longer, meaning the position increased at a faster rate.  Describe your graph. Does it resemble a straight line? If not, what does it look like? The graph does not resemble a straight line as it has a bunch of jumps in it as the Velocity was not constant

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 f(x) = 0.37 x + 0.64 Velocity vs Time Time (s) Velocity (m/s)  What value do you obtain for the acceleration of the ball? How does your experimental value of the magnitude of the acceleration compare to the accepted value of the magnitude of the acceleration of a free-falling object? Reminder: percent difference = 100%* |accepted value - experimental value|/accepted value The acceleration of the ball would be the slope of the trendline, being 10.133 m/s^2. The experimental value would 3.4% because 100x|9.8-10.133|/9.8 = 3.4  What factors do you think may cause your experimental value to be different from the accepted value? In other words, what are some possible sources of error? Some factors that may cause the experimental value to be difference from the accepted value would be human error, like if the calibration wasn’t done correctly, or if the person did not click the exact same spot on the ball as it was falling then it would mess up the results.  Paste your position versus time graph (with trendline) into your log.

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0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 f(x) = 0.22 x² + 1.92 x + 0.05 Position vs Time Time (s) Position (m)  Does the polynomial of order 2 fit the data well? What value do you obtain for the acceleration of the ball from this fit? The polynomial of order 2 fits the data very well. The acceleration of the ball from this fit would be 10.0658 m/s^2 as it is B1(2) = a Experiment 2  Describe the graphs. Does one of the graphs resemble a straight line? If yes, what does this tell you? The graph with X resembles a straight line, meaning that it is moving at a constant rate while the graph tracking Y’s position is not a straight line so it was not a constant rate What is the physical meaning of the slope of this graph? The physical meaning of the slope in this graph is the velocity of the ball in m/s for the X  What do the coefficients b 1 and b 2 tell you?

B1 tells you half of the acceleration as acceleration is a=2b1 and B2 tells you the velocity of the object  We can view the motion of a projectile as a superposition of two independent motions. Describe those two motions. The X graph represents the horizontal motion and shows the overall distance that the ball travles, where the Y graph is the vertical motion of the ball so it shows the overall height of the ball as it travels. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 f(x) = 2.03 x + 0.04 Position (x) vs Time Time (s) Position of X (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 f(x) = − 4.85 x² + 2.4 x + 0.49 Position (y) vs Time Time (s) Position of Y (m)

Experiment 3 surface θ max (deg) μ s wood 62 3.4 felt 74 5.7 Comment on your results. Explain how you measured the angle θ max . I took the measurement of the angle from the table to the meter stick near the bottom right corner of the screen when the block started to move. You can see that the wood took longer to move because it had more friction holding it in place, whereas the felt moved sooner at a bigger angle because there was less friction. Reflection: This lab was much easier for me to understand. I was able to not only follow the directions but understand why I was doing what I was doing. The equations were a little tricky and it took some extra thinking to understand why those were the ones we were using, but now it makes sense. Experiments 1 and 2 were easy for me to get a grasp on, whereas Experiment 3 was harder for me to follow as there was not much guidance.

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