03 Kinematics (2D) - Lab Report(3)

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Mercyhurst University *

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Kinematics in Two Dimensions – Lab Report Name:_____________________________ Section #: _____ _____________________________ _____________________________ Complete the “Calculations” document before you begin. Measure the height of the launch position (the symbol) above the table. y = ______ cm Part 1: Vertical Launch CAUTION: Only use the first launch position (“short range”). Using the “high range” launch position will cause the ball to hit the ceiling. If the ball hits the ceiling, you may not be allowed to complete the lab! Rotate the launcher so that it is pointing straight up (the onboard protractor should read 90 degrees). Fire the ball and measure the maximum height above the launch position the ball attains. ( Friendly reminder: this is NOT the height from the top of the table. ) Repeat this process 5 times. Record this information below. Run Height (cm) Run Height (cm) 1 4 2 5 3 6 Determine the mean height above the launcher and the statistical uncertainty of your measurement. Height = ______ ± ______ cm How did you calculate the statistical uncertainty? Determine the initial launch velocity of the ball using the formula from Part 1 of your “Calculations” document. ( Be careful about the units .) v 0 = _________ m/s 1
Part 2: Horizontal Launch CAUTION: Only use the first launch position (“short range”). Otherwise, your results will be wildly inconsistent and you will do poorly on the last section of the lab. Rotate the launcher so that it is pointing horizontally (the onboard protractor should read 0 degrees). Fire the ball and measure the distance between the base of the launcher below the launch point and where the ball hits the table. It may be helpful to use something like a book bag as a backstop to keep the ball from rolling off the table. Repeat this process 5 times. Record the distance of your horizontal launch trials. Don’t forget, this is the horizontal distance from the launch position, NOT the distance from the base of the launcher . Run Distance (cm) Run Distance (cm) 1 4 2 5 3 6 Determine the mean distance from the launcher and the statistical uncertainty of your measurement. Distance = ______ ± ______ cm Determine the time the ball will remain in the air using the formula from Part 2 of your “Calculations” document. (Careful about the units.) Do NOT use the value of v 0 from Part 1. t = _______ s Determine the initial launch velocity of the ball using the formula from Part 2 of your “Calculations” document. (Careful about the units) v 0 = _______ m/s 2
Part 3: Comparing Results You should now have two different measurements of the initial launch velocity of the ball. The percent difference is computed as follows: percent difference = | measured value 1- measured value 2 | 0.5 ×( measured value 1 + measured value 2 ) × 100% Determine the percent difference of your measurements. Also determine the average of the two measurements (show your work for both calculations). If your percent difference is larger than 5%, let your professor know. % error = ______ v avg = ______ m/s Part 4: Shootin’ For All the Marbles!!! Ask your professor to pick an angle at which to set your launcher. Then measure the height of the table. (Remember, the launch height will be the height of the table plus the height of the launcher!!!) Angle = _____° (Assigned by the professor) Table height = _______ cm Launch height = _______ cm Aim your launcher over the edge of the table. Do NOT fire your launcher!!! Firing the launcher before being instructed to do so will result in failing this section of the lab or being assigned a new angle. 1. Draw a diagram of the situation, clearly labeling v 0 , d , h , θ , and your origin. 2. Use your knowledge of vectors to break the initial velocity into x- and y- components. Draw a diagram of the initial v 0 vector and show your work. Use your average velocity from Part 3 as v 0 . v 0 x = ______ m/s v 0 y = ______ m/s 3
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3. If you were to launch the ball upward with velocity v 0 y , calculate how long it would take for the ball to hit the ground. If you encounter a quadratic equation, feel free to use your calculator or an online equation solver to solve it. t = ______ s 4. How far will the ball travel with velocity v 0 x in the x-direction during the time you calculated above? x = ______ m When this calculation is complete, CAREFULLY measure the location where the ball will land and tape your target down. Call your instructor over BEFORE YOU FIRE THE LAUNCHER . Firing the launcher without the instructor present will result in having to restart this portion of the lab with a new angle. You will have 3 shots to hit the target. I will score your highest point value hit on the target. Conclusions: Other than initial speed, what quantity do the equations of motion in the x and y- directions have in common? Does the motion in the x-direction affect the motion in the y-direction in any way, or vice versa ? 4
Identify potential sources of error in the lab and explain what you could have done differently (if anything) to minimize these sources of error. Be as specific as possible. If you are careful, the most significant errors in your experiment have nothing to do with humans, so let’s just leave the phrase “human error” out of it. What’s the point?!?!?! In a few sentences, describe what you think was the point of doing this lab. (What did you learn? What physics principles were tested? Etc.) Do-It-Yourself! In a few sentences, propose an additional experiment that could further test the results or physics principles of today’s observations. Explain what you will measure, how you will measure it, and what you might expect the results of the experiment to be. 5
Shootin’ For All the Marbles!!! Name:_____________________________ Section #: _____ _____________________________ _____________________________ Indicate with an ‘X’ , the location that your ball impacted the target. +2% +4% +1% 6
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