Physics Exp 5 Lab Report

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Feb 20, 2024

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Centripetal Force Exp. 5: Centripetal Force Hailey Abell William Wagner Physics 1100L Lab 6 October 2023 ABSTRACT An experiment was performed that involved measuring the relationship between mass, velocity, and centripetal force. It is known that an object moving in a circular path with have a linear velocity and acceleration.
INTRODUCTION Centripetal acceleration occurs when a body is moving at uniform speed, v, in a circle of a radius, r. The magnitude of this vector can be measured by a = v 2 r Newton’s second law states that every accelerated body must have a net force acting upon it. The force acting upon the accelerated body is given as F = ma In respect to uniform circular motion, the centripetal force can be determined using F = ma = mv 2 r = 4 π 2 mr t 2 PROCEDURE In this experiment, a centripetal force apparatus with a spring attached to a hanging mass and tunable rod were used. The experiment was setup by moving the mass directly over top of the indicator using the string. The distance from the center of the indicator rod to the center of the shaft was measured five times and recorded each time. The average of these values was then calculated and recorded in the data sheet.
Trial one instructed to rotate the rod to complete fifty revolutions and use a stopwatch to determine the time taken to complete the revolutions. This step was repeated for a total of five times. The mass was measured and recorded five times and used to determine the average mass. The spring force was then. measured by attaching a string to the mass and tethering it along the pulley so that the string is vertically dangling. A mass hanger was then placed at the end of a string, and the weight was recorded when apex of the mass is hanging directly in the middle of the pointer rod. The uncertainty of this value was measured by adding a small amount of weight to the mass hanger until the apex moves away from the center. Trial two involved completing the five sets of fifty measurements again; the same radius was used for this part, but fifty grams was added to the top of the mass used in part one. The average time, average mass, and centripetal force was then determined. In trial three of the experiment, the mass without any weight added along with a radius change was used. The five sets of fifty calculations were repeated for this part. RESULTS Trial 1: Original Radius, Original Mass Velocity- 140.66 m/s Centripetal Force- 561021.99
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Spring Force- 539000 Trial 2: Original Radius, New Mass Velocity- 137.10 m/s Centripetal Force- 592437.4131 Spring Force- 588000 Trial 1: New Radius, Original Mass Velocity- 213.77 m/s Centripetal Force- 1023949.894 Spring Force- 11270000
Questions: 1. a) Compare the spring force with the calculated centripetal force for trial 1. Do they agree within the limits of experimental uncertainty? The values were the furthest apart from each other. The result was not within the experimental value. b) Compare the results for trial 2 in the same manner The values were somewhat close. The comparison is between the limits of experimental uncertainty. c) Compare the results for trial 3 in the same manner. The values of the two components are similar to each other. The values were within the experimental value. 2. Using the results of your error analysis, for each trial, which variable should be measured more accurately to get a more accurate result for the calculated F? The velocity should be measured accurately to get a more accurate value for F. 3. When the mass is hanging straight down and rotating smoothly, what are the actual physical forces acting on the mass? Draw a vector diagram and include it in your report. Explain each force on the vector diagram. (You may either scan a drawing, photograph a drawing, or use the drawing functions in Word.) Rod holding mass can be moved Pulley Spring attaches to mass Indicator/Pointer position can be in direc. of arrow Mass placed on hanger
4. If too much mass is added in part 2, the center of mass of the hanging mass will shift upwards. How will this affect the experiment? The results of the experiment would be invalid. The results of the radius would change, also changing the results of the velocity and centripetal force.
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