Lab 7 Worksheet

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Northeastern University *

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Physics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 7: Worksheet PI: Callie DA: Grant Researcher: Will DA Questions DA1: Record the magnetic classification of each of the objects on the equipment list (except the function generator.) The paperclip, iron rod, copper coil, and disk magnets are ferromagnets. The compass is a permanent magnet. DA2: Record the groups observations for the 2 tests that the researcher described. For test one, the frequency was increased, the magnet had a smaller swing path towards and away from the coil, and it ended up just vibrating. For test 2, the magnet was put on the paper clip and inserted in the coil. It acted very similarly to test 1. As the frequency decreased, the paperclip flopped around more. DA3: Make sure you identify the three primary parts of the speaker, a. the magnet the magnet is the round bottom part of the speaker b. the coil the coil is the cone shaped metal piece that houses the diaphragm c. the diaphragm the diaphragm is the rubber (?) sheet that is inserted in the coil and vibrates from sound. Researcher Questions R1: Describe at least 2 careful mini experiments that your group conducted to observe a repulsive interaction between the iron rod and another piece of equipment. (At least one of the experiments should be successful and feel free to use whatever combination of equipment you would like). To start off, we put one of the smaller magnets on the iron rod, we were then able to “steer” the compass’s needle with the rod. Another experiment was putting the two magnets on a string and bringing the iron rod close so that the magnets would spin on the string. R2: Record at least 2 specific tests that you did to answer the questions above in green. One experiment we conducted was holding the magnet neat the coil, watched it move at a certain interval, after that we slowly increased the frequency at which the magnet was repelled or attracted until the magnet was vibrating at a high frequency. For the second experiment the magnet and paper clip were inserted into the coil with the paper clip hanging out at the end. As the coil was powered the paper clip moved up and down as the poles of the magnet were changed. As we increased the frequency, the paper clip moved faster and faster until it was held

in the center. If we increased the current in either test it increased the magnitude of the coil’s forces. R3: Explain how a speaker works by explaining why each part is required. What role does the function generator play? What role does the magnet play? What role does the coil play? What role does the paper play? The coil generates a magnetic field of different sizes based on the current and frequency given by a power source, this field causes the magnet to either be attracted or repelled at a certain interval. This interval is so fast the magnet vibrates. These vibrations are amplified by the paper like a drum. With the right combinations of current and frequency the speaker can play specific notes. PI Questions PI1: For each of the experiments described in R1, conjecture the behavior of the magnet field in the iron rod to explain why the experiment succeeded or failed. Explain your answer using the four facts from page one of this manual. We categorized the iron rod as a ferromagnet. The relationship between the iron rod and the magnet was attractive regardless of their orientation in relation to one another. This supports the idea that a ferromagnet is induced by the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. We observed that the north pole of the rod attracted the south pole of the compass and repelled the north pole of the compass. PI2: Using the observations recorded by the DA, to describe the behavior of the coil in terms of the magnetic field. We noticed that there was an interaction between the coil's magnetic field linked to the function generator and the magnet. The alternating current from the function generator directly influenced the magnetic field's orientation and the resulting force, leading to the magnet oscillating back and forth. The frequency of the AC current also played a crucial role in altering the time required for the current to reverse direction. Consequently, higher frequencies reduced the duration for the magnet to flip. PI3 : Summarize R3’s answer by explaining why the TA’s homemade earbud is so much superior to the one that you made. The earbud created by the TA is superior to the one we assembled due to the better alignment of the coil, magnet, and diaphragm in the TA's earbud. This configuration enabled the electricity and magnetic field to interact to set the diaphragm into motion, allowing us to hear music. In contrast, our earbud's magnet and coil didn't achieve this quality of integration. The difficulty of getting our materials to remain stable while testing different frequencies on the function generator made it more difficult to hear the music.

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