Final Exam - Extra Credit_S23
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Philosophy
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Jan 9, 2024
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PHI 2000: HISTORY OF IDEAS
Final Exam: Extra Credit
A. Multiple choice questions - Extra credit responses
Please indicate which answer choice you are marking for extra credit and
then indicate the thinker that is associated with that term
(e.g., ‘a.
Enlightenment - Kant’)
.
1.
acceleration of automation – Marcuse
2.
Concretization – Marcuse
Reification -Adorno
Objectification – Kant
Fossilization – Adorno
3.
4.
One-dimensionality- Marcuse
5.
Skepticism. Skepticism is a term that depicts
a person who denies the
possibility of knowledge. They accept everything happening because they believe nothing is real.
Skepticism puts humans into a hostile world where there is no doubt or reason. It is a passive
attitude to engage with reality.
6.
Advertising – Marcuse
7.
Public – Private (Enlightenment) – Kant
8.
Dogmatism - Adorno
9.
Utopian thinking - Marx
10.
Superstitious – Adorno
11.
Ideology – Marx; Counter-enlightenment – Adorno; one-
dimensional thinking – Marcuse
12.
Alienation - Marx
13.
Class Consciousness – Marx
14.
Ruling ideas - Marx
15.
I did not choose Marx and Adorno. Marx emphasized the
importance of economic and social conditions in our society. A change
in economic conditions can lead to a change in human society.
Adorno
argued that the reason could become distorted under certain
conditions. Therefore, both of their philosophy appears not to believe
in human inheritable nature.
16.
Restrictive/ Negative (Freedom) – Marcuse
17.
Abide by the social contract - Hobbes.
18.
Dogmatism - Adorno
19.
Possession- Marcuse
20.
Other human beings -Marx
B. True/False questions - Extra credit responses
Please note that the extra credit for this section depends on you correctly
answering the original question (i.e., identify a false statement with an ‘F’).
Be sure to re-write the false statement to be true, as a complete
grammatical sentence.
1. (21)
FALSE. While Marx believed economic conditions and relations
can shape the economy, he did not say everything is solely determined
by the economy.
2.
(22) FALSE.
Marx never argued that all societies are bad, but rather
that the capitalist mode of production perpetuates inequality and
exploitation.
3.
(23) FALSE. Although Marx, Marcuse, and Adorno discussed that
humans should think rationally, they do not attribute any evidence of
laziness and immaturity to the ability to be innately rational.
Meanwhile, they emphasized that social and economic structures can
limit and distort rational thinking, resulting in false consciousness.
4. (24)
TRUE
5. (25)
TRUE
6.
(26) FALSE. Marcuse believed that automation could lead to greater
human freedom only if it would be used to reduce labor time.
Therefore, it gives people more time to pursue their interests.
7. (27) FALSE. Adorno claimed that subjective opinion could
be shaped by certain situations. He argued for a critical
approach to understanding society, rather than subjective
opinion.
8.
(28) FALSE. Marcuse did not say there is no hope for humanity. He
supposed that the current society could be changed by the
transformation in human consciousness.
9.
(29) FALSE. Marcuse believed that there are real material constraints
on the human ability to exercise freedom. More specifically, he
recognized that true freedom requires eliminating material and
conditions so that humans can pursue their desires and interests.
10.
(30)
TRUE
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