Lesson 3 Exam Results: Insights and Key Questions Explained

[03] Lesson 3 Exam - Results Attempt 1 of 2 Written Dec 2, 2023 1:24 AM - Dec 2, 2023 1:36 AM Released Nov 30, 2018 5:55 PM Attempt Score 100 / 100 - 100 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 100 / 100 - 100 % Question 1 5 / 5 points Sigmund Freud called __________ the first great blow to the human ego. Question options: a) Newton's Principia Mathematica b) Copernicus' Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs c) Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems d) Descartes' L'Homme Question 2 5 / 5 points Descartes found that he could doubt the existence of everything, EXCEPT:

Question options: a) Cogito, ergo sum. b) God. c) the validity of his own sensations. d) E pluribus Unum. Question 3 5 / 5 points Imagine a high school chemistry lab teacher doing an "experiment" each semester in which she fills a balloon with hydrogen gas and ignites the balloon (bang!). Using Kuhn's proposal, which scientific tradition is the lab teachers' demonstration most similar to? Question options: a) Classical science b) Islamic science c) Experimental science d) Purposeful science Question 4 5 / 5 points Which of following believed that the mind at birth was both blank and powerless since everything is a result of a person's environment alone?

Question options: a) Helvetius b) Condillac c) Locke d) La Mettrie Question 5 5 / 5 points Hume argued that our ability to form generalizations, i.e., form true beliefs,: Question options: a) is a God-given mental faculty and is therefore a reliable source of knowledge. b) results from the Transcendental Ego's imposition of the Categories of Apperception on raw sensory experience. c) depends on careful use of demonstrative logic to prove our conclusions. d) is useful in the conduct of life and is found in children and animals, but does not guarantee Truth. Question 6 5 / 5 points As a result of the scientific revolution, human beings came to think of the universe as a: Question options: a) book.

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b) living organism. c) collection of random events. d) machine. Question 7 5 / 5 points Berkeley's theory of depth perception supported his metaphysical argument that: Question options: a) belief in an external world is more an act of faith than real knowledge. b) children should able to perceive depth immediately from birth. c) we perceive the world realistically-as it is, without mental inferences. d) Kant's metaphysics was profoundly incorrect, even irrational. Question 8 5 / 5 points When considering a changing world, both Christian and Islamic scholars wrestled with the question of everyday changes. Although secondary causation worked for most European philosophers, Islamic thinkers rejected it because: Question options: a) it developed directly from the Christian Bible.

b) it gave too much power to God and no credit to human types of change. c) it took some power and omnipotence away from God, making God less active. d) it failed to give credit to occasionalism. Question 9 5 / 5 points Match the following statement to the person: One should begin with careful observations of facts and experiments on nature, and then should form general conclusions only when they were fully justified. Question options: a) Plato b) Bacon c) Descartes d) Aristotle Question 10 5 / 5 points Based on Galileo's ideas, which of the following is a secondary sense property? Question options: a) Mass b) Spatial position

c) Beauty d) Occupying space Question 11 5 / 5 points Unlike European philosophers, Islamic scholars used and developed earlier Greek mathematics: Question options: a) to reconcile theology and natural philosophy. b) to argue against the teachings of the Koran, causing revolution. c) only for useful and every day practical purposes. d) to make European scholars work even harder to develop knowledge. Question 12 5 / 5 points With respect to the possibility of psychology-defined as the introspective psychology of consciousness-becoming a science, Vico argued that: Question options: a) psychology cannot, in principle, become a real science. b) it could become an imperfect science, like meteorology. c) it could become a science by applying the methods of Newton.

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d) because people create local cultures, the human sciences should not be modeled on the natural sciences such as physics, but on history. Question 13 5 / 5 points Reid and the Scots argued that our ability to form generalizations, i.e., form true beliefs: Question options: a) is a God-given mental faculty and is therefore a reliable source of knowledge. b) results from the Transcendental Ego's imposition of the Categories of Apperception on raw sensory experience. c) depends on careful use of demonstrative logic to prove our conclusions. d) is useful in the conduct of life and is found in children and animals, but does not guarantee truth. Question 14 5 / 5 points Although the concept of association of ideas is very old, only __________ made it into a central principle of mental operation, calling it the "gravity" of the mind. Question options: a) Locke b) Berkeley c) Hume d) Kant

Question 15 5 / 5 points The 17th century figure who had the most influence on Enlightenment philosophy was: Question options: a) Descartes. b) Galileo. c) Newton. d) Hobbes. Question 16 5 / 5 points Suppose we see a bowling ball hit the pins and the pins fall down. If you believe that the bowling ball did not cause the pins to fall, but instead God caused the pins to fall by recreating the universe then you favor the doctrine called __________ which was favored __________. Question options: a) naturalism; in Islam b) occasionalism; by the early Greek scholars c) occasionalism; in Islam d) naturalism; by Newton Question 17 5 / 5 points

According to __________ "The heart has its reasons that reason does not understand." Question options: a) Hobbes b) Spinoza c) Pascal d) Montaigne Question 18 5 / 5 points Although not favored by Islamic thinkers, the concept of __________ developed by medieval thinkers was important to the development of natural science in Europe. Question options: a) separation of mind and body b) secondary causation c) an omnipotent God d) primary causation Question 19 5 / 5 points

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The concept of secondary sense properties created a new world that did not exist for ancient philosophers. The new world was __________ and was populated by __________. Question options: a) mathematics; true formulas that explained the world b) science; deductive reasoning c) the view from nowhere; the idea of Plato's forms d) consciousness; ideas Question 20 5 / 5 points Having proposed that the calculus of pleasure-pain could be quantified, whose ideas contributed to a fresh understanding of hedonism? Question options: a) Jeremy Bentham b) Marquis de Sade c) Thomas Hobbes d) Emmanuel Kant Done

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