KIN305 Weekly Discussion 5

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California State University, Northridge *

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305

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Philosophy

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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3

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Plato 1. Provide a brief outline/synopsis of Plato's Allegory, including the how the 'cave' is set-up and what happens to the characters during the story. In the allegory, Plato implies that our perception of the things we see and encounter on daily basis is really just a play of shadows. Our lives are as pitiful as those of the inmates in the cave, and the world in which we exist is merely a fantasy. 2. Which character(s) do you identify with most from Plato's allegory? Which character(s) do you identify with least from Plato's allegory? The prisoners? The 'escaped' philosopher king? (most importantly) Why? In Plato's allegory, the prisoner who escapes is the one with whom I most identify. I can relate to this prisoner because, within the cave, he sought knowledge beyond what he and the other inmates believed to be true. I like to think that I think in a similar way as well, and I'm constantly looking for a deeper understanding of concepts that go beyond what is commonly accepted as true. Just asking myself "why" a lot helps me examine things more thoroughly and analyze them rather than blindly accepting what the majority may think. 3. Plato is arguing that education is a turning toward the light' and the road toward knowledge is oftentimes painful and uncomfortable, requiring us to see things 'as they really are' rather than as they are 'shown' to us by others. Why would anyone choose the road of self-education? Why would someone choose to struggle, when it is so much easier to remain in the cave and passively ingest what the world tells us is true? Why would anyone choose the harder road? What is gained by denying the 'easy life' and embracing the life of struggle, the life of Plato's "philosopher king"? Many people, in my opinion, are searching for explanations and answers to various problems. The only way to find these answers, or at least something close to them, is to search for them on your own instead of accepting someone's word for it because you respect them or because of their status. In the end, rather than blindly accepting the beliefs of others, everyone must learn to think for themselves. In my opinion, choosing the difficult path is far more fulfilling than choosing the easy one because it increases your awareness of your unique identity and helps you become more self-aware than if you choose to live your life adopting the values and views of others. Study ?’s 1-6 (pg.149)
1. How and why did Europeans push outward after 1500? Other countries did not operate the same way as Europeans did. While other countries made the decision to defend themselves against Western powers, they decided to conquer and colonize the entire world.The Europeans laid the groundwork for globalization by assimilating aspects of other cultures. Furthermore, "the demographic catastrophe of the Black Death two centuries earlier had been overcome by Europe's population, and its growing population densities fueled the impetus to expand." The European economy at the time demanded that they look for alternative routes to Asia's wealth, avoiding the Islamic kingdoms' hegemony over the Silk Road. 2. What effects did globalization have on modern sporting culture? How does the world today reflect the processes of the past? It goes without saying that globalization has influenced the development of contemporary sporting culture. Because of their involvement, it has helped telecommunications companies generate significant amounts of revenue. The participation of other international corporations, which allowed them to sponsor sports teams and arenas, also aided. In the modern world, gaming wagering has also become widespread, and businesses rely on it to boost profits. 3. What is dualism, and what are w the three kinds of dualism discussed in the chapter? Describe the theoretical and practical arguments against dualism. The metaphysical assertion that there are two distinct substances in the universe—the physical and the nonphysical—is the foundation of dualism. Your mind is regarded as nonphysical, and your body as physical. According to substance dualism, people are made up of two distinct real substances: their bodies and minds.Value dualism also acknowledges the existence of the mind and body as distinct substances, but it emphasizes the primacy of the mind over the body. The body can survive without the mind, the mind has a spiritual connection to the soul, and the mind can reason, which sets humans apart from other animals. Finally, behavioral dualism holds that the mind functions as a tool to support the physical body rather than necessarily believing that it is superior to it. "How can the non-physical substance can act on the physical world?" is the main question used to refute dualism. 4. What was the Reformation, and what philosophical perspectives did it develop regarding sport, physical education and the body? Protestants modernized the definition of sport and recreation by combining physical exercise with advancements in society and the individual. Modern conceptions of the importance of physical activity in our lives incorporate the
puritan tradition of viewing sports and physical activity as helpful tools for creating wholesome societies. 5. What was the Scientific revolution? Describe the scientific method and scientism. Historians refer to this new movement in Western civilization as the Scientific Revolution. It was sparked by the intellectual ferment created by the Reformation and the Renaissance as well as the new data generated by the beginnings of globalization. The scientific method, which incorporates European scientific perspectives into work practices, is regarded as the cornerstone of contemporary science. The belief that science and scientific methods yield the best knowledge is known as scientism. 6. What is the scientific materialism, and what are the three kidneys of materialism discussed in the chapter? Describe the theoretical and practical arguments against scientific materialism. A person is best understood as a combination of material components, laws, and interactions; they are best described as physical substances. According to monistic materialism, all people are made of atoms. Measurement materialism counts the important traits that make an individual. Reductive materialism looks at an individual's constituent parts to determine their overall makeup. Materialists fail to discover nonphysical substances because they only search for physical material, which supports their theory that an individual cannot be fully understood by observation alone. This weakens the mind, which creates a person's cultural, spiritual, and social characteristics.
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