CJ490_Unit 8 Assignment
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Border Protection Border Protection Purdue University Global CJ 490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice
February 27, 2024
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Border Protection Introduction:
Throughout history, many cities, kingdoms, and nations have built border walls to mark their land, keep their citizens safe, and control the movement of people and goods. In recent times, a growing number of countries across the globe have erected border walls and fences to prevent illegal immigration. This sudden increase in the construction of border walls has raised questions about their effectiveness. Why are countries building them now, and have they been influential in the past? Will they continue to be effective in today's world? To answer these questions, a study is currently underway to assess the efficacy of border fortifications worldwide.
The study aims to examine the changing purpose of these fortifications, including border walls, and provide definitive answers regarding their effectiveness.
Review of Literature:
In 2017, Said Saddiki wrote a book titled "World of Walls: The Structure, Roles, and Effectiveness of Separation Barriers." The book examines the challenges of globalization and the
increasing use of separation barriers. Said Saddiki thoroughly explores cross-border activities such as the movement of people, goods, ideas, drugs, weapons, capital, and information, highlighting the differences arising from barriers to these activities. Additionally, he delves into the perspectives and arguments of various world leaders on globalization, some of whom believe
that it will lead to a 'borderless world' and 'the end of the nation-state.’
Furthermore, Said Saddiki conducted a study called "Militancy," which investigated the effectiveness of border fortifications in controlling the spread of violent militancy across international borders. The study revealed that the effectiveness of barriers in curbing militant activity relies on the terrain where they are constructed and the level of infrastructure development surrounding them. Physical obstacles and walls require significant personnel for
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Border Protection monitoring and patrolling, which may be less effective in certain terrain conditions and areas with inadequate infrastructure. The study evaluated recently collated data on interstate border fortifications within a global sample. It concluded that such structures limit militant activity, allowing states to monitor and regulate their borders plausibly.
In 2012, Jones published an article that expounded on the global perception of constructing barriers at borders as an indispensable security measure. The central objective of such a measure is to safeguard a nation's citizens and assets against potential threats posed by terrorists, drug cartels, insurgents, or suicide bombers. According to Jones (2012), the construction of border walls serves three primary purposes: to assert control over ungoverned or disorderly territories, to protect a country's resources and people, and to uphold the state's cultural traditions by preventing the possible influence of other value systems introduced by immigrants. This study posits that border walls aid in preventing unauthorized entry and provide a sense of security to citizens. However, they also promote the perception of exclusion and can exacerbate tensions between neighboring nations. In 2019, Terence Garrett analyzed the security policy implemented by the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency concerning the Mexico border. The primary aim of the policy was to establish a secure and well-organized border that would operate under a robust rule of law. The CBP envisioned achieving this objective by preventing criminal organizations, drug cartels, and individual criminals from flourishing. The analysis identified the current requirements for CBP patrol capabilities, prioritized in
the following order: technology for border surveillance, personnel to augment the number of agents along the border, and constructing a physical border wall. The latter would include deploying physical infrastructure such as fences, walls, and vehicle barriers.
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Border Protection The analysis emphasized that deploying technology for border surveillance would be the most critical aspect of CBP's security policy implementation. Only then would CBP be able to track and monitor illegal crossings and respond quickly to security breaches. The deployment of additional personnel was deemed necessary to strengthen the CBP's presence along the border and promptly respond to any security threats. Finally, constructing a physical border wall was deemed necessary to prevent illegal crossings and provide an additional layer of security.
F. Cartwright Weiland conducted an extensive study in 2018, focusing on the history and foundations of border walls. The study delved into the functional aspects of these structures and explored the latest reasoning behind their existence. Weiland concluded that walls, gates, and bridges are interconnected infrastructural systems that have evolved throughout history in all nations. Furthermore, the study revealed that immigrants often disregard the rules of their host country. This is attributed to the moral costs of breaking these rules outweighing the benefits of reuniting with family or finding better work opportunities. Immigrants may also disregard the law due to language barriers, lack of understanding, or cultural differences. Therefore, the concept of legitimacy is not solely based on the law's definition but on the immigrant's interpretation of what is considered right and wrong.
Variables and Hypothesis:
The Independent Variable (IV) is the Border Wall.
The Dependent Variable (DV) is Illegal Immigrants. The Hypothesis is that countries with border walls are less likely to have illegal immigrants than countries without border walls.
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Border Protection References
Garrett, T. (2019, March 19). An analysis of U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s ... An analysis of U.S. Cust An analysis of U.S. Customs and Border Protection protection’s tripartite Mexico border security policy. https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=pol_fac
Jones, R. (2012)
Why Build a Border Wall?
NACLA Report on the Americas,
45:3,
70-
72,
DOI:
10.1080/10714839.2012.11722072
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2016). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal Justice
and Criminology. (4th Ed.). Cengage Learning Publishing.
Saddiki, S. (9 October 2017). World of Walls: The Structure, Roles, and Effectiveness of Separation Barriers. obp.0121.pdf (openbookpublishers.com)
Weiland, F. Cartwright, Border Wall Foundations (June 13, 2018). Willamette Law Review, Vol.
54, No. 427, 2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3195281