313 self test questions

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313 self test questions Lesson 1 What is the model of mourning that has been the cornerstone for many western theories about grief? - Freud’s mourning and melancholia According to Freud’s detachment model of mourning the hallmark of healthy grieving includes: - Letting go of the lost loved one According to Freud, what is the “work” of mourning? - Relinquishing the attachment and attaching to a new object Which one is not a phase of mourning presented by John Bowlby? - Anger and bargaining What are the five stages in Kubler-Ross’ process of grief: - Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Kubler Ross’s five stages of the process of dying have also been used to describe the process of grief - True Bonanno points out that historically most theories about grief were developed from: - Clinical work with people who were having great difficulties with grief and have therefore sought clinical help Bonanno reveals that everyone goes through the stages of grief - False Bonanno suggests that everyone should seek help when in mourning - False According to Bonanno widows/widowers who can laugh and smile sincerely fare better than those that can not - True Lesson 2 Bonanno’s research shows that the average grief reaction is resilience - False Most children who have experienced even one potentially traumatic event in childhood can expect to have long-lasting mental health problems throughout their adulthood

- False A critical factor in determining whether children will have prolonged grief reactions after loss or adversity is - The number of traumas they experience Most people who receive crisis counselling after a disaster are not helped and some even do worse. - True Which of the following is true of those who are resilient after loss? - They are able to repress their feelings as well as express them Attempting to maintain the deceased’s personal belongings exactly as they were before death is a sign of a healthy continuing bond. - False Which of the following is true? - Those with prolonged grief can benefit from therapy There is not one factor we can point to that will determine who will be resilient. - True Lesson 3 Becker thought our awareness of our mortality - Produces tremendous fear and anxiety The main message of the film is that we should try to resist participating in immortality projects: - False In Becker’s view, culture - A system of rules, symbol, and statuses which confers self esteem What are immortality projects? - Projects designed to keep us from the truth of our mortality Narcissism, according to Becker - All of the above (our nature, drives us to secure self esteem, can be expressed in better or worse) We cannot secure our self-esteem by ourselves - True

Which is true of Becker - He saw himself as morbidly minded type The fear of death, according to Becker, helps us preserve our life and avoid danger. - True According to the film, trying to convert others to one’s religion would be an example of: - Assimilation Lesson 4 Which is true of Terror Management Theory? - We are motivated to mollify the fear the awareness of death produces in us by participating in worldviews that give life meaning and us a sense of our significance Mortality Salience Hypothesis states that reminders of our death should? - All of the above (increase need for death denying illusions, make us favor people that are like use, make us dislike people that are not like us) Bonanno argues that the impermanence of life can - Generate in us not only terror but also curiosity In the film, the study with the municipal court judges illustrates: - Mortality salience According to Becker, we commit the greatest evil by - Trying to escape from evil Bonanno argues that there is nothing in TMT which shows that lessening death anxiety is the sole or primary function of worldviews. - True Bonanno points out that Mortality Salience Hypothesis is only found to be correct: - When we have only fleeting reminders of our mortality at the fringes of our consciousness Bonanno refers to studies which show that Buddhists do not cope with loss and adversity any better than the rest of us - False Solomon thinks better illusions - All of the above (promote genuine self esteem, promote tolerance, help us come to terms with our mortality and offer us constructive ways to confront it

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Which is true of Becker? - He thought there were better and worse death denying illusions Study guide quiz 1 ● Freud’s distinction between mourning and melancholia - Melancholia is characterized by the lowering of self regard expressing in self reproach (blaming yourself) - Mourning is suffering because of their ongoing attachment - Freud explain that mourners suffer because of their ongoing attachment to the lost object - The work of mourning therefore is to relinquish this attachment and attach to a new object ● Detachment model of mourning - Mourning is portrayed as the process of detaching from lost object - Letting go is the hallmark of healthy grieving - Continuing attachment = pathological - 4 phases (numbness, yearning, disorganization, reorganization ● Continuing bonds model of mourning - A prominent feature of prolonged grief is yearning - Think of this yearning as an unhealthy and continuing bond ● Criticism of kubler-ross 5 stages of grief - No evidence to support the existence of these or any other stages of grief - Theory is not only inaccurate but potentially harmful when it becomes prescriptive - Thinks this theory is appealing and enduring despite any evidence for its accuracy because it gives a sense of control and helps us with our anxiety in the face of our own death - Stagism turns a complicated experience into a predictable and orderly progression ● How did sample bias influence the study of grief according to bonanno - Many volunteers for bonanno’s study made the point that they tried to read up on bereavement - They added they could not see mto find anything in their reading that matched their own experience ● Sadness and laughter in relation to grief according to bonanno - With Sadness comes accuracy, thoughtfulness and less bias - The more widows laugh during early months after death, the better

their mental health was ● Untested assumptions about grief according to bonanno - If a person isn’t devastated by a loss then they probably weren’t close to the person/had problematic relationship with them - If we have positive memories we’re avoiding the painful work of grief and the reality of loss ● Common reactions to loss according to bonanno - Chronic - Delayed - Recovery - Resilience ● Features of resilience after loss according to bonanno - Grief includes comfort - People respond to adversity with resilience ● Features of prolonged grief according to bonanno - Prominent feature = yearning - Dependency = people are often overly invested with/reliant on the person they lost - It is only recently that the professional community has begun to understand extreme and prolonged grief - This shift came about in part because of the greater attention paid to health adjustments - Approx 10-15% of bereaved people are likely to struggle with enduring grief reactions ● Significance of ACE study - Highlights other side of resilience - Tells us more about the small but significant percentage of people who do not react well to adversity ● Becker's view of how death anxiety operates in our lives - Awareness of our death produces in us tremendous fear and anxiety - Terror of death is universal - Every person responds to this fear and anxiety by denying their mortality ● Becker's view of how narcissism and how it relates to death anxiety - We all have desire to be heroic and stand out - We’re all hopelessly absorbed with ourselves and we are narcissistic by nature

- Our most urgent needs is to secure self esteem - Culture is the arena in which we can play out this desire - Mortality is a blow to our self esteem, subscripting to world views soothes this ● Becker's view of immortality projects - We want to ourselves with something we think’s immortal because our mortality is a threat to our self esteem - This threat motivates us to find ways to deny it by participating in immortality projects - Agrees that we need illusions to live - Everything we do is symbolic realm is an attempt to deny and overcome our fate ● Features of the healthy minded and sick souls Healhty - Don’t worry be happy - No ill thoughts towards others or god - “once born” Sick soul - Depression and misery - Lives with sense of radical disenchantment and loss of meaning ● How flight from death illustrates beckers ideas - Healthy minded would say fear of death or death anxiety isn’t part of our nature - Would say we aren’t born with fear of death, and if we’re afraid of death we weren’t nurtures properly as children ● Typical reactions to flight from death to encountering someone with a different death denying illusion - Derogation - Assimilation - Accommodation - Annihilation ● Terror management theory - Restates beckers ideas - We’re creatures that know we’re mortal, this awareness produces fear - We repress this terror and our death anxiety operates at an unconscious level - Our imagination helps us participate in cultural worldviews which give us a sense of symbolic immortality - We need to feel valued and significant in this worldview, it must give us self esteem

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● Mortality hypothesis - - Increase our need for our death denying illusions - Make us favor people that are like us - Make us dislike people that are not like us and act aggressively towards them ● Becker's view of evil - Healthy minded denies evil - Morbidly minded acknowledges and accepts evil, if they see happiness they reframe evil in the larger system of good Lesson 5 Steve believes people who are dying are most afraid of pain and suffering - False Which statement is true: - Steve would disagree with Becker that death is universally feared Steve thinks our death phobia in western culture comes from the fact that we are all heirs to which idea? - We die because of disobedience. Death is a punishment Steve understands Tim’s child’s illness as - Not punishment or meaningless Tim realizes that when Steve talks about “making human beings” he’s referring to: - Sowing grief and death right into life What is the feast after someone dies? - The story-telling that ensues What is the image Steve had of his mother’s death? - He imagined her floating off in a canoe without him What does Steve say about grief? - It’s not how you feel it’s what you do What according to Steve is clinking glasses and toasting the living? - Grief and the ability to love life Steve thinks we have to love our death, not merely accept it.

- True Lesson 6 Offensive death humor, for Thorson - Goes on the attack and makes light of death Elgee is interested in humor about death - False Which is true of ostracizing humor? - It implicitly elevates ourselves Which of the following illustrated offensive death humor? - The song always look on the bright side of life Superiority theory and ostracizing humor are describing the same thing. - True The fact that we have god-like qualities, yet we die, is an example of: - Incongruity All humor for Elgee is related to: - Death anxiety Humor that allows us to laugh together at our human predicament is called - Affiliative Play, for Winnicott, is - Both real and imaginary An example of playing with our fears would be - Peekaboo Lesson 7 The person whose book inspired contemporary interest in NDEs and inspired researchers to investigate NDEs - Raymond Moody Eben Alexander’s changed his view and he now thinks that our brain produces our consciousness - False Which of the following is not a typical feature of an NDE? - Confused and fragmented memory

Who saw the nurse take dentures out of his mouth during in his comatose state? - None of the above (goerdon, sam, pim) Pam Reynolds’ NDE is so significant because she was blind from birth - False Which of the following was not a problem the researchers found with the birth model theory? - Some NDErs were blind from birth NDEs can occur in people who are not actually dying, but fear they are - True The blood gas theory states that - None of above Why do the researchers have a problem with the view that the release of ketamine can explain NDEs? - Ketamine experiences are usually frightening but NDEs are not - b. Ketamine experiences are seen as illusory while NDEs are felt to be hyper real While most NDEs are frightening or unpleasant experiences, some NDEs are positive. - False Lesson 8 According the researchers, enhanced mentation refers to: - extraordinarily clear mental processes, vivid sensory experience, and a vivid life review that happens in an instant Veridical out-of-body perceptions are Peak in Darien experiences - False Which of the following does Greyson think is the most persuasive evidence that our consciousness survives our bodily death? - Visions of people not know how to be dead Which of the following is not a type of Peak in Darien experience? - The deceased was blind from birth

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The phrase “Peak in Darien” comes from a children’s bedtime story. - False Which is true of NDEs? - They are found world wide and throughout history No atheist has ever had an NDE. - False According to Mary Neal, how does the memory of her NDE differ from other memories? - The memory of her NDE is vivid and doesn’t change over time Who said extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence? - Kevin Nelson Jeffrey Kripal thinks science has failed to explain consciousness because - Consciousness is not an object Lesson 9 Which statement is false? - All of the above Which theorist focuses on the social forces relevant to suicide? - Durkheim Shneidman thought all suicides were the result of profound psychological pain he called - Psychache Joiner found that those with a history of childhood abuse that involved physical pain are more at risk of suicide than those who experience childhood abuse that did not involve physical pain. - True Joiner believes that perceived burdensomeness is the thwarting of the need to - See one self as effective and competent According to Joiner, what can lead a person to enact a serious suicide attempt? - The desire for death combined with the acquired ability to bring about lethal self injury Joiner and his research team found that physical frailty is what drives those with

anorexia to suicide - False Which of the following, according to Joiner, challenges the myth that suicide is about selfishness - Perceived burdensomeness Joiner’s goal is to reduce the ignorance and fear around suicide - False If you are with someone who is suicidal, it would be helpful to - Listen to them Which of the following would be an example of daishi ? - Kamikaze Lesson 10 Both suicide and assisted suicide are illegal in Canada - False The main difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is that: - euthanasia” refers to one person ending the life of another in order to relieve their suffering, and “assisted suicide” refers to getting assistance to kill oneself from someone who provides the knowledge and/or means to do so. Both euthanasia and assisted suicide are criminal offences in Canada - Flase A famous case of euthanasia in Canada is the case of - Robert latimer The relief of pain through medication and counselling is referred to as - Palliative care Which statement is true of the law in Canada? - It is an indictable offnse to both counsel a person to commit suicide or to help them do so Assisted suicide is legal in Canada if the person getting assistance has a severe mental illness but it is not legal in the case of a terminal physical illness. - False According to an Angus Reid poll, more Canadians are in favour of physician-assisted suicide.

- True The “slippery slope” argument - expresses the concern that if we allow physician assisted suicide for the terminally ill, what’s to stop this from progressing to include the chronically ill, the disabled, and other populations An argument in favour of assisted suicide is that dying is inherently undignified - Flase All religions support assisted suicide on compassionate grounds - False Lesson 11 The idea that suffering can be overcome through the cessation of craving is part of the - Four noble truths When Buddhists say the mind is empty they mean it is - Empty of essential identity The film “The Buddha” - Tells the story of the life of buddha Who left his palatial surroundings and went on a spiritual quest to find the answer to the problem of suffering? - Siddartha Gautama The word for the cycle of birth and death is - Samsara We remain bound to the Wheel of Life and the endless cycle of death and rebirth because of these three - Greed, hatred, delusion The Tibetan Book of the Dead is read to the dead to help them - Realise that all the things they see are simply the projection of their mind The purpose of Buddhist meditation is - Cessation of suffering Tibetans see similarities between the bardo between death and rebirth and - Dreams

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The film “The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Liberation” - Depicts the afterlife journey describes in the book Which of the three poisons is the most fundamental source of our suffering? - Ignorance Lesson 12 Who described a four-stage afterdeath journey - Miller In Miller’s system, the tallying method, the karmic method, the evolutionary method and the challenge method are all examples of the: - Judgement An example of Miller’s notion of the Realm of Possibilities is - Hell Miller thinks afterlife beliefs come from - Other dimensions of our consciousness Grof thought that the books of the dead found in several cultures are actually - Maps of the inner territories of the psyche encountered in profound non ordinary states of consciousness Grof found that experiences described in books of the dead were remarkably similar to experiences his clients had - Using LSD Shushan found that NDEs were based on afterlife beliefs - False How does Shushan account for the similarities among the afterlife conceptions he studied - All derived from accounts of experiences people have had near death Shushan argues that - Experience comes before beliefs Which statement is true of Shushan’s research? - There were the most similarities among afterlife beliefs at the level of structure and the least similarities at the level of symbol

313 self test questions

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