Intro to corrections Questions
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Harvard University *
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Philosophy
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Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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1.
the Five Purposes of Punishment. Describe each of those purposes of punishment in 2-5 sentences and include a hypothetical example.
Retribution: This purpose focuses on the idea that punishment is a deserved consequence for wrongdoing, providing a form of payback for the harm caused. For example, in the context of "The
Shawshank Redemption," when characters are punished for breaking prison rules, it serves as a retribution for their actions.
Deterrence: The aim is to discourage individuals from committing crimes by making the punishment severe enough to outweigh the potential benefits of criminal behavior. A hypothetical example could be a strict sentence for white-collar crime to discourage financial fraud.
Rehabilitation: This purpose centers on the idea of reforming offenders and helping them reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens. In the film, the character Andy Dufresne engages in
library work, showcasing a form of rehabilitation through education.
Restitution: Offenders may be required to compensate victims for the harm caused. For instance, in
cases of property damage or theft, a perpetrator may be mandated to repay the victim for the losses incurred.
Incapacitation: This involves preventing the offender from committing further crimes by isolating them from society. In the movie, the long-term imprisonment of Brooks is an example of incapacitation.
2.
"If you don't like it, don't come back." That's the philosophy of deterrence.
Why do people come back to prison if they hate it so much? Why can't we
find evidence of deterrence in the data? 5 sentences
Despite the philosophy of deterrence aiming to discourage repeat offenses, people often return to prison due to complex factors. Issues such as socioeconomic challenges, lack of rehabilitation programs, and limited opportunities for ex-convicts contribute to recidivism. The absence of clear evidence of deterrence in data may stem from systemic issues that fail to address the root causes of
criminal behavior, perpetuating a cycle of incarceration.
3.
The film The Shawshank Redemption has been called the greatest film of all time. It depicts many issues of 20th Century prison life including corruption, violence, and the social world of prisoners. One of the subjects they discussed frequently was “Institutionalization.”
Watch this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeMux1GjA7Y&pp=ygUbc2hhd3NoYW5rIGluc3RpdHV0a W9uYWxpemVk
Describe how Red (Morgan Freeman’s character) struggled with institutionalization. 5 sentences minimum
In the film, Red struggles with institutionalization, emphasizing the psychological impact of long-
term imprisonment. The character Brooks, who spent 50 years in Shawshank, becomes so accustomed to prison life that he fears the outside world. The institutionalization theme explores how individuals, like Brooks, may find it challenging to adapt to freedom after spending a significant portion of their lives behind bars. This struggle is portrayed through Brooks' difficulty in coping with the outside world and his ultimate tragic fate.
4.
List three things that Hollywood often gets wrong about prison life
Swift Justice: Hollywood often portrays legal processes as quick and straightforward, whereas in reality, legal proceedings can be lengthy and complex.
Violence as Norm: While violence occurs in prisons, movies tend to exaggerate its prevalence, creating a perception that every day is filled with intense physical conflicts.
Overemphasis on Dramatic Escapes: Movies frequently depict dramatic and improbable prison escapes, which are rare in reality. Actual escapes are more methodical and less cinematic than often portrayed in films.
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5.
imagine you are working with a client named Michael who was an accomplice to a murder. Michael went into a house and pointed a gun at an elderly couple. His friend shot
and killed the couple. Michael tried to cover up the evidence by burning down the house.
Michael was arrested one hour later and confessed to everything. Michael even testified against his friend to get a plea deal. Michael was given 20 years in prison for this crime (true story).
When Michael was in prison he sat down with a psychologist who assessed him for traits
of psychopathy. Michael showed no emotion when discussing his crimes. He blamed others for all of his problems. He had a reputation for quitting jobs quickly because his employers didn't show him enough respect. He was terrible with money, but always managed to borrow enough from other people to get by (although he never paid them back). He did not really care about the elderly couple who died because he wasn't the one
who actually shot them. He thinks they were old so they lived long enough anyway. He tried to manipulate the psychologist by telling some lies, but when he was caught he just pretended that it never happened. Overall, the psychologist felt that Michael was very close to being a psychopath, but he needed to check some of the other symptoms.
Which symptoms of psychopathy were missing from this interview?
Michael, a convicted accomplice to murder, exhibits psychopathic traits in a prison psychologist interview. Lacking empathy and blaming others, he shows no remorse for his crimes. However, to fully align with psychopathy, he must also display superficial charm, grandiosity, shallow affect, promiscuous behavior, a parasitic lifestyle, criminal versatility, and an unwillingness to accept responsibility. Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder, and a comprehensive assessment is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
6.
Kalief Browder spent days in solitary confinement on Rikers Island.
100
200
700
more than 800
7.
Blood on the Razor Wire: Chad Marks was sent to "Big Sandy" prison and had to adapt
to the prison environment. Gang members "checked his paperwork." What were they looking for?
They wanted to know if he was a gang member
They wanted to know if he was a "cho-mo" child molester
They wanted to know how long he was staying in prison
They wanted to know if he was a dangerous killer
8.
When do half of all suicides occur in jails?
After conviction
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After divorce
Before transfer to state prison
Within 24 hours after admittance
9.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act assumes that rape is caused by
Staff indifference
Super predators
Corrupt guards
Deprivation of heterosexual relationships
10. Some prisoners bring their antisocial personalities and habits into the prison environment.
What is this theory of prison misconduct called?
Deprivation
Importation
Strain
Natural Selection
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QUESTION 11
a study in the Ohio prison system found that 1% of prisoners committed a lot of violence. What
percentage of violence was committed by this top 1% of rule violators?
4%
14%
24%
34%
QUESTION 12
In the same study, It found that 10% of prisoners committed how much violence?
50%
75%
92%
100%
QUESTION 13
Psychopaths make up 1% of the US population. How much crime are psychopaths estimated to
commit in the United States?
24%
50%
75%
100%
QUESTION 14
In court, a psychopath was asked "How could you kill those children?" The psychopath then
described in detail the methods he used to kill the children and he showed no emotion while
describing the crime. What psychopathic trait is he exhibiting when he shows no emotion?
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Glibness/Superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Impulsivity
Shallow affect
QUESTION 15
When it comes to prison violence, what is the most common weapon used to hurt or kill
someone?
A shank (or shiv)
A zip gun
Boiling water
A Sock-Lock
QUESTION 16
Which prison gang kills the most people in the federal prison system?
MS-13
The Nuestra Familia
The Black Guerilla Family
The Aryan Brotherhood
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QUESTION 17
"Blood in" refers to a motto of some prison gangs that require someone to commit murder before
they can join the gang. What does "Blood out" mean?
You have to be a certain race to join
You have to kill someone if you want to leave
You have to kill someone outside of a prison to join
You will be killed if you leave
QUESTION 18
What is the most effective combination of rehabilitation programs for reducing the likelihood that someone will return to prison?
College Education and Drug Treatment
Basic education and CBT
Vocational training and CBT
Multiple mental health programs
QUESTION 19
When someone leaves prison they usually get a small amount of money, a bus ticket, and the clothes they came in with. What is the most common way prisoners die in the first two weeks
after release?
Suicide
Homicide
Drug overdose
Car Accident
QUESTION 20
70% of prisoners have a need for drug treatment, and 49% have a severe need for drug treatment.
How many people actually start a drug treatment program in prison?
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12%
32%
40%
42%
QUESTION 21
Why is it important for us to recognize that 20% of prisoners are psychopaths, but 80% are not
psychopaths? (3-10 sentences).
Recognizing that 20% of prisoners are psychopaths and 80% are not is crucial for avoiding stereotypes and tailoring rehabilitation strategies. It highlights the diverse needs within the prison population, enabling targeted interventions. This understanding emphasizes the potential for successful rehabilitation for the majority and encourages a nuanced approach to criminal justice that addresses various contributing factors to criminal behavior.
QUESTION 22
There are several examples of psychopaths who committed crimes because they had a strong need for excitement. The crime was its own reward because it made them feel excited. Describe
one case similar to this (2-3 sentences).
One example is the case of Richard Ramirez, the "Night Stalker." In the mid-1980s, Ramirez terrorized Southern California with a series of brutal murders, sexual assaults, and burglaries. His crimes were characterized by a strong need for excitement and stimulation, evident in the gruesome nature of his acts. Ramirez's motivations appeared to be driven by the thrill and adrenaline rush he experienced during and after committing violent offenses, making the criminal act itself its own reward for him.
QUESTION 23
Briefly describe "The McGill" sensory deprivation study (don't just copy it over), and tell me
how long you would last in those conditions.
The McGill sensory deprivation study involved participants being placed in a dark, soundproof room for an extended period with minimal sensory input. The goal was to observe the psychological effects of sensory isolation. Subjects reported hallucinations, anxiety, and altered perceptions. As an artificial intelligence, I lack sensory experiences, so I don't have personal endurance for such conditions.
QUESTION 24
In Blood on the Razor Wire, Chad Marks explained how prison changed his life. How did prison change his mindset about life?
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Marks underwent a profound shift in perspective, experiencing disappointment, hope, fear, and desperation in the harsh prison environment. The brutality and constant threat of violence may have compelled him to reassess his life, priorities, and the consequences of his actions, potentially leading to a changed mindset about life and his place within it.
QUESTION 25
Describe the two types of "Ineffective Power" used by correctional officers and describe why these methods might work in the short-term, but they will cause problems later.
Authoritarian Power involves the use of force, coercion, or excessive control to establish dominance. While it may yield short-term compliance through fear, it can breed resentment and hostility among inmates. This authoritarian approach may lead to a tense and volatile prison environment, increasing the risk of violence and rebellion in the long run.
Manipulative Power entails Correctional officers may use manipulation, deceit, or exploitation to maintain control. This could involve playing inmates against each other or using psychological tactics to create dependency. While this might achieve short-term order, it erodes trust and fosters a
culture of suspicion among inmates. Ultimately, it can contribute to a toxic atmosphere, hindering rehabilitation efforts and exacerbating issues in the future.
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QUESTION 26
What is it called when prison authorities protect corrupt officers from accountability?
Individual corruption
Cultural corruption
Systemic corruption
Endemic corruption
QUESTION 27
The 8th Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishments. In terms of prison discipline,
cruelty is defined as:
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the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain
psychological torment from solitary confinement
the use of physical force for any reason
shooting escaping inmates
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QUESTION 28
Blood on the Razor Wire: Why did Chad Marks go to prison?
40 years for guns and drugs
Life for murder
20 years for Armed Robbery
15 years for running a chop shop operation
QUESTION 29
Blood and the Razor Wire: When Chad Marks went to prison the classification officer gave him two pieces of advice:
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Don't join a gang and don't use drugs
Get a college degree and get ready for parole
Don't get any tattoos on your face and get a knife
Eat a good breakfast and get 8 hours of sleep per night
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QUESTION 30
Blood on the Razor Wire: What do you think is the most important lesson that corrections students can learn from Chad Marks' story about life in "Big Sandy" prison?
From Chad Marks' story in "Blood on the Razor Wire," one crucial lesson for corrections students is the impact of the prison environment on individuals, especially in high-security facilities like "Big Sandy." The narrative likely underscores the importance of understanding the challenges inmates face, the potential for violence and survival instincts, and the critical role that
effective rehabilitation programs can play in fostering positive change.
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