6512-W2-D15

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Fazaia Degree College, M.R.F, Kamra, Attock *

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6512

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Nursing

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Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by maryamberlas

My patient is Paloma Hernandez, a 26-year-old Spanish speaker who has presented to the clinic for the last two days in a row, complaining of worsening abdominal pain. Before initiating the care, I would use the facility's official interpreter services if the patient cannot communicate in English. According to Al Shamsi et al. (2020), language barriers in healthcare lead to miscommunication between the medical professional and patient, reducing both parties’ satisfaction and decreasing the quality of healthcare delivery and patient safety. Utilization of interpreters to facilitate communication between health care providers and non-native speaking patients is essential to provide the best possible quality of care (Heath et al., 2023). Accurate and proper interpretation contributes to a better understanding of the patient's health history and current chief complaints, ultimately leading to appropriate healthcare treatment. Many Hispanic individuals experience health inequality due to certain risk factors such as income, socioeconomic status, education, and employment status. It is well accepted that Latinos underutilize healthcare compared to non-Latinos, possibly due to limited access, as they have the lowest health insurance coverage at 29% (compared to 10.4% for Whites) and lower household income ($39,000 vs. $50,000 for White households) (Gast et al., 2020). Socioeconomic factors significantly influence healthcare, with individuals of higher socioeconomic status typically having better access to healthcare resources, utilizing services more frequently, and potentially accessing more advanced and specialized medical treatments compared to those with lower socioeconomic status. The authors further noted additional reasons for underutilizing healthcare which may include cultural beliefs regarding the appropriate timing for healthcare (such as beliefs about control over health and fatalism), cultural ideas about gender, family roles determining who decides about healthcare, and obstacles related to immigration status. Recognizing and integrating cultural competence into healthcare practices is essential to deliver care that is patient-centered and effective. This entails showing respect for diversity, acknowledging cultural subtleties, and customizing healthcare approaches to address the unique needs of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Also, many Latinos consider spirituality important, and the significance of religion is associated with positive health behaviors, including maintaining a healthy diet, seeking preventive care, and following medical advice. In essence, for many Latinos, the influence of spirituality and religion extends beyond the spiritual realm to impact various aspects of their well- being and health-related choices. According to Fernandez (2021), lifestyle factors, such as inadequate dietary habits, decreased physical activity, and notably, an unhealthy body weight, may contribute partly to the disproportion in chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, hepatic steatosis, and cancer, are observed in minority groups, including Hispanics when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics often consume diets high in saturated fat and carbohydrates, which can lead to elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood sugar, potentially resulting in cardiac disease, obesity, and diabetes. The issues that I would need to be sensitive to when interacting with this patient include religious belief, perspective on health and illness, and family dynamics. 1. Religious beliefs and spirituality are important in Hispanic culture, and as such, they should be considered when providing medical treatment to foster respect and trust between the healthcare provider and the patient.

2. Considering the perspective on health and illness of the patient will allow healthcare providers to better understand the individual's unique beliefs, values, and experiences, fostering more effective and patient-centered care. It helps establish a collaborative and respectful relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient, leading to improved communication, adherence to treatment plans, and overall health outcomes. 3. Familism is a key cultural value that emphasizes support and attachment, loyalty, honor, and obligation to the family and is hypothesized to be critical in shaping family dynamics and individual adjustment among Hispanic/Latino individuals (Cahill et al.,2021). In Hispanic cultures, family members play important roles in health decisions, involving them in care discussions, provided that the patient has given permission. Targeted questions for this patient: 1. Where is the pain located on the abdomen? Does it radiate? 2. When did the pain start? Is it intermittent or constant? If intermittent, how long does it last, and how often does it occur? 3. Can you describe the pain? Does the pain feel sharp or stabbing, like a knife? Is it a dull, throbbing ache? Does it feel like there's pressure in a specific area? Is the sensation more of a tightness or constricting feeling? 4. On a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain, how would you rate your pain? 5. What causes the pain to occur? What helps the pain to go away? What makes the pain worse? 6. What kind of foods do you eat? Does the pain occur after eating or before eating? 7. Have you ever had abdominal surgery? 8. Are you pregnant? 9. Do you drink alcohol or take drugs? 10. Aside from Omeprazole, what other medications are you taking? 11. Do you have a history of cancer, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, kidney failure, gallstones, or inflammatory bowel? 12. When was your last bowel movement? What is your normal bowel habits? Are you passing gas? 13. Are there any other symptoms that you have? References Al Shamsi, H., Almutairi, A.G., Al Mashrafi, S. & Al Kalbani, T. (2020). Implications of Language Barriers for Healthcare: A Systematic Review. Oman Medical Journal, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.40 . Heath, M., Hvass, A.M.F. & Wejse, C.M. (2023). Interpreter Services and Effect on Healthcare – A Systematic Review Of The Impact of Different Types of Interpreters on Patient Outcome. Journal of Migration and Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100162 .

Gast, J., Peak, T.& Hunt, A. (2020). Latino Health Behavior: An Exploratory Analysis of Health Risk and Health Protective Factors in a Community Sample. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 14(1): 97– 106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827617716613 . Fernandez, M.L. (2021). Lifestyle Factors and Genetic Variants Associated to Health Disparities in the Hispanic Population. Nutrients, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072189.\ Cahill, K.M., Updegraff, K.A., Causadias, J.M. & Korous, K.M. (2021). Familism Values and Adjustment Among Hispanic/Latino Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Psychological Association,147(9), 947– 985. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000336 .

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