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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Background Doctors' mental health might take a hit when they try to balance work and school. Stress, exhaustion, despair, and anxiety are all possible outcomes of this struggle. Both personal resilience and anxiety may reduce the connection between work-study conflict as well as mental health. The term "personal resilience" is used to describe a person's strength in the face of hardship. Doctors are better able to handle work-study conflict and lessen its negative effect on their mental health when they have high levels of their own resilience. The detrimental effects of work-study conflict upon mental health might be compounded by anxiety. Doctors with anxiety may have a harder time resolving work-study conflicts and may suffer more adverse psychological effects as a result (Al Sulais et al., 2020). Researchers might perform a survey study to learn how stress from job and school affects the mental health for medical professionals. Mental health indicators including stress, burnout, sadness, and anxiety, as well as work-study conflict, might be assessed. Structured equation modeling (SEM) might be used to examine the hypotheses of mediation and moderation. The SEM may show whether anxiety reduces the connection between work-study conflict overall mental health or if personal resilience controls the connection. The detrimental effects of work-study conflict upon mental health may be mitigated by therapies that improve personal resilience, including mindfulness training for cognitive-behavioral therapy (Bakker & Demerouti, 2017). The detrimental effects of work-study conflict for mental health may be mitigated by the use of therapies that target anxiety, which include anxiety management methods or medication, if this hypothesis is correct. In the end, this study might help enhance physicians' mental health and the quality of treatment they provide for their patients. The field of medicine is a highly demanding and challenging profession, with doctors often facing long working hours, high workload, and significant emotional and psychological stress. Doctors' mental health might be negatively impacted by work-study conflict (Schmuck et al., 2022). Work-study conflict refers to the difficulties that arise when the demands of work and the requirements of study clash, leading to a situation where individuals struggle to balance the two aspects of their lives. Many fields, including healthcare, have researched the effects of job research conflict on mental health. But research into how work-study tension affects doctors' mental health is lacking. The purpose of this research is to determine whether and how work- study tension affects the psychological well-being of medical professionals (Yıldırım et al., 2020). The practice of medicine is a highly respected profession that comes with significant responsibilities. Physicians are responsible for the well-being and health of their patients, and their work requires extensive knowledge, skill, and dedication. Medical education is a long and challenging process that can take several years to complete. Medical students undergo rigorous training that includes classroom lectures, practical sessions, and clinical rotations. During this time, students are expected to balance their academic responsibilities with the demands of their personal lives, including their social relationships and personal well-being (Pappa et al., 2021). The transition from medical school to residency is a critical period in the life of a doctor. This period is characterized by a high level of stress, long working hours, and significant emotional and psychological demands. The transition can be particularly challenging for doctors who are also pursuing further academic qualifications, such as a master's or doctoral degree. The demands of academic study can clash with the demands of clinical practice, leading to a
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety situation where doctors struggle to balance their work and study responsibilities. This situation is known as work-study conflict (Serrão et al., 2021). One major aspect that might have an impact on physicians' mental health is work-study conflict. The demands of clinical practice can be overwhelming, with doctors often facing long working hours, high workload, and significant emotional and psychological stress. At the same time, the demands of academic study can be equally challenging, requiring a significant amount of time and effort to complete. When these demands clash, doctors can experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and burnout (Landi et al., 2020). The impact of work-study conflict on the mental health of doctors has been studied extensively in various professions, including healthcare. However, the specific impact of work-study conflict on the mental health of doctors has not been explored in detail. Understanding the effect of work-study conflicts on physicians' mental health is vital given the centrality of doctors to the healthcare system. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effects of work- study conflict upon the mental health of medical professionals by analyzing the causes of and solutions to this problem (Shi et al., 2018). The 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure the rights of all people in all countries, including those in developing nations. This study aims to address the universal call given by UN by investigating the mental health of individuals in a developing country. Mental health is a leading cause of illness worldwide, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Pakistani doctors face a number of challenges when it comes to medical education, particularly for students from low-income families (Labrague, 2021a). Thousands of young doctors in Pakistan are pursuing postgraduate degrees to improve their status and financial standing. Postgraduate education can help doctors acquire advanced skills and knowledge that can lead to higher-paying jobs and better career opportunities. However, there are few funded training positions available in these specialties, so many doctors are pursuing their degrees and doing part-time jobs while working in medical colleges and hospitals (Søvold et al., 2021). This can lead to conflicts between their responsibilities as employees and students. Conflict in the workplace is described as "the occurrence of a pair of demands such that cooperation with one would make compliance in the other difficult or impossible" (Finstad et al., 2021). It is becoming more prevalent, especially in Pakistan, for employees to pursue higher education and for students to take full-time employment while studying. Various work-related outcomes of WSC has been investigated in multiple studies however its health-related outcomes are still limited. Medicine is a highly respected and esteemed profession that comes with its own set of unique challenges. Doctors are often expected to work long and irregular hours, sometimes without sufficient rest or breaks, which can lead to physical and mental exhaustion (Lara-Cabrera et al., 2021). They may also be required to make difficult and sometimes life-changing decisions with limited information. Despite these challenges, doctors are expected to maintain a high level of compassion and empathy for their patients. In an age of technological advancement, there is an increase in the need for highly educated workers, motivating employers to increase their professional and educational credentials. Therefore, the pursuit of further education has become imperative for workers to fulfill the demands of the evolving job market (Labrague, 2021b). Although it can be fulfilling, the medical profession is also known for its demanding and stressful nature. Doctors, in particular, face an exceptionally high level of stress and are
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety vulnerable to experiencing burnout. Students who report significant levels of tension between employment and school, for instance, often complain of exhaustion and sleep problems. Poor mental health and depression have both been connected to work-study conflicts (Naveed et al., 2022). The capacity to deal well with adversity and bounce back from setbacks is one definition of resilience. The ability to bounce back, or resiliency, is essential for healthcare professionals in adapting to stressful situations, effectively managing their emotions, developing coping mechanisms, improving their well-being, and promoting their professional growth. Resilience, defined as a complex psychological reaction that may assist people or organizations recover psychological trauma or adversity, is one resource that has been demonstrated to play a particularly critical role. Having the ability to deal with and overcome stress and difficulty is a constructive response to challenging circumstances or experiences (Yıldırım & Solmaz, 2022) . The healthcare industry is a field that has special risks for people who develop mental health issues. Resulting in serious problems for healthcare workers and their patients. Only limited research has examined the mechanism by which working long hours may effect student achievement. Because students' capacity to successfully juggle job and school might be negatively impacted by their ill health. The detrimental consequences of work on employees' mental health, such as anxiety, not only harm the individual's mental and physical wellness but also decrease the company's productivity (Scandurra et al., 2018). The healthcare sector is a very important sector in our country for promoting public health, creating employment opportunities, providing critical services to our people, boosting economic development, and for supporting research and innovation. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the moderating effect of doctors' personal resilience and the mediating role of their anxiety in the relationship between work-study conflict and their mental health (Wang et al., 2016). Problem Definition/Research Gap According to WHO to be healthy is to thrive in every aspect of life — physically, mentally, and socially. Maintaining physical and mental health is crucial for dealing with stress and enjoying a longer, more fulfilling life. An improved sense of well-being has been related to a variety of health benefits, including longer life expectancy. Higher education is seen as a vital force that can help to transform the vision of a knowledge-based economy into reality. Additionally, it plays a role in achieving the social objectives of humanity by fostering cohesiveness and cultivating individuals with positive character traits (Ran et al., 2020). Work-study conflict is a significant issue in the healthcare sector in Pakistan, where doctors often face long working hours, inadequate resources, and high levels of stress. The issue of work-study conflict among doctors in Pakistan has gained increasing attention in recent years, as concerns have been raised about the impact of such conflicts on patient safety and the overall quality of health care. The negative effects of work-study conflicts on young people's mental health, however, have not been studied on a population level. Long hours at work have been linked to an increased risk of mental illness (Anasori et al., 2020) . An examination of the impact for work-study conflict (WSC) upon job outcomes (performance, satisfaction, exhaustion, turnover intention, etc.) has already been conducted, as has a study of full-time employees that studied on the job (non-traditional students). The scholars further asked future researchers to investigate certain underlying mechanism in the link between WSC and other outcomes (Stocchetti et al., 2021). Further, Wang et al. (2023) examined the effects of studying with a part-time job on Australian’s tee nagers' mental health. These secondary school students were juggling work and
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety school. It revealed that fifty percent of students have experienced some kind of work-study conflict. The researchers further guided future scholars to investigate more comprehensively the interplay between the benefits and adversities associated with combining work with study and also certain path ways between WSC and mental health (Anasori et al., 2022). From the previous literature it is evident that, the health-related outcome of WSC has not been studied much except a promising attempt by few studies. Thus, based on afore-mentioned arguments so this study aims to examine the health-related outcomes associated with work- study conflict. Further, this study also attempt to examine the underlying mechanism of anxiety in the link between work study conflict and mental health among those doctors who are working along with studying (Khan & Change, 2021). The ability to bounce back, or resiliency, is essential for healthcare professionals in adapting to stressful situations, effectively managing emotions, developing coping mechanisms, improving their well-being, and promoting their professional growth. Boh et al. (2023a) discovered that resilience significantly influences both the direct and indirect aspects of mental health. The findings cannot be extrapolated to other populations since the sample was skewed toward females from a single locale. The purpose of this research is to examine how individual resilience influences the correlation between workplace conflict and stress. Therefore, the present research seeks to bridge this gap by exploring how work-study conflict affects physicians' mental health, how personal resilience may play a moderating role, and how anxiety may serve as a moderator (Boh et al., 2023a). Research Objectives The following are the research objectives of this study: To investigate the work-study conflict influence on mental health among doctors. To explore the anxiety mediation between the relationship of work-study conflict and mental health. To investigate the personal resilience moderation on the relationship between work- study conflict and anxiety? Research Questions The following are specific research questions. RQ1 Does work-study conflict influence mental health among doctors? RQ2 Does anxiety mediates the relationship between work-study conflict and mental health? RQ3 Does personal resilience moderates the relationship between work-study conflict and anxiety? Research Significance Due to the increased competition in today's society, health professionals need to improve their qualifications for the betterment of themselves. And the betterment of the health sector. In order to do so, they need to study part-time. Due to the gravity of their occupation and the seriousness of the repercussions of mental health problems, health professionals are an especially significant target population for research on work-study conflicts and mental health. Health professionals are responsible for the care and well-being of patients, and poor mental health could have serious implications for patient safety and quality of care (Sommovigo et al., 2022). Work-study conflict may be particularly relevant for health professionals who often work long hours and may have demanding educational requirements or continuing education obligations.
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Understanding the relationship between work-study conflict and mental health can help organizations identify and address potential risks to patient safety and employee well-being. It can also inform the development of interventions and support strategies to help health professionals manage work-study conflict and reduce the risk of poor mental health (Pu et al., 2017). Overall this study of work-study conflict and mental health in health professionals has significant implications for patient safety, workplace productivity, professionalism, and mental health and should be an area of focus for healthcare organizations and researchers. This research adds to the literature on healthcare management by exploring the direct and indirect effects of work-study conflict on the mental health of physicians. Finally, a less-explored avenue of research in the current literature is explored: the role of one's own resilience for the association between work-study conflict and anxiety (Hoppen & Chalder, 2018).
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Doctors often have work-study conflicts, which have been shown to have harmful effects on their emotional well-being. There has been a growing corpus of research dedicated to elucidating the processes connecting work-study conflict with negative mental health outcomes for physicians. Personal resilience has been investigated as a potential mediating factor. Doctors, like other members of the medical profession, have been shown to benefit from cultivating a mindset of resilience, which can be summed up as the ability to overcome adversity. Personal resilience has been shown in studies to assist medical professionals adapt to and manage with the stresses of their profession, mitigating the detrimental effects of job research conflict on their mental health (Al Sulais et al., 2020). Anxiety's moderating function is another major mechanism that have been investigated. Common among physicians, anxiety may compound the detrimental effects of work-study conflict upon mental health. Anxiety has been shown to increase the chance of negative outcomes including burnout, anxiety, and depressive disorders among physicians, and therefore to mitigate the association between work-study conflict as well as mental health outcomes. The connections between job research conflicts, individual resilience, anxiety, overall psychological conditions among physicians have been explained using a variety of theoretical frameworks. The Conservation as well as Management of Resources (COR) Theory and Employment Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory have been helpful in understanding the interaction between these elements (Bakker & Demerouti, 2017). Clinical practice effectively future research should focus on treatments and techniques that help medical professionals build resilience and cope with stress. Training in stress management, mindfulness-based therapies, and support group programs are all examples of possible interventions. Future studies should also investigate whether or not other factors, such social support and employment resources, moderate or mediate the connection between work-study conflict as well as mental health outcomes among physicians (Bilodeau et al., 2020). Work Study - Conflict and Mental Health According to (Boh et al., 2023b) the feeling of having expectations and duties at work interfere with one's capacity to satisfy the demands and obligations in the academic domain is what is known as "work – study conflict." The term "work-study conflict" refers to the degree to which students' engagement in one kind of labor, denoted by the word "job," interferes with their ability to participate in the other form of work, denoted by "study." individuals who perform various roles at once, every having its own set of responsibilities, including being a learner, an employee, and a member of a family, are referred to as having "multiple roles," and the phrase "multiple roles" is used to describe such individuals (Boh et al., 2023b). Researchers may divide the repercussions that come from conflicts between job and school into three categories: individual, organizational, and familial. Personal repercussions include deterioration in both physical and mental health, elevated levels of stress, decreased levels of overall life satisfaction, including burnout. The job is demanding not just of one's physical abilities but also of one's mental and emotional fortitude. According to the principle of conservation of resources, in a situation in which resources are being depleted, the replenishment and growth of resources will be of greater significance to people and will be more valuable to them. That is to say, when a person is subjected to pressure from the outside world, his or her need for resources becomes more robust, and when fresh resources are introduced at this moment, the demand will increase even more (Buselli et al., 2020). (Cabarkapa et al., 2020) suggest that the juggling of several roles is a central theme in role theory. According to this idea, everyone in a group has a specific function, complete with its
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety own set of duties, expectations, and norms. One way to define a position is as a set of mandatory actions. Taking on too many responsibilities at once might lead to feelings of stress and tension. Role conflict occurs when multiple sets of obligations exist at once and are incompatible, as opposed to role overload, which refers to the possibility of fulfilling the demands of certain roles at the price of the expectations of other roles (Cabarkapa et al., 2020). Studies have shown that juggling employment and school may have a severe impact on a student's mental health, as well as their grades, study habits, and study goals. Empirical studies have shown that conflicts between job and school may have a negative impact on an individual's health and productivity. The mental health of university students is negatively affected, according to a British study, because of the difficulty they have juggling employment and school. According to (Cabarkapa et al., 2021), students' mental health declines with their academic performance when they experience work-study conflict. According to research, workers who report a high or extremely high WLC are more likely to have negative health outcomes such as back pain, headaches, sleep problems, and exhaustion (Cabarkapa et al., 2021). According to (Cabarkapa et al., 2021) it has been shown that conflicts between work and education may have a major and detrimental effect on the emotional well-being of medical students and professionals. More than half of the doctors in the United States acknowledged experiencing signs of burnout, which is a kind in work-related stress that may result in emotional weariness, depersonalization, and a diminished feeling of personal success, according to a research that was carried out by (Cabarkapa et al., 2021). Work-study conflict has been recognized as a key factor to burnout among doctors. This is due to the fact that competing demands between work and study lead to high levels of tension and a diminished capacity to deal with the pressures that are associated with employment (Cabarkapa et al., 2021). According to the findings of yet another research that was carried out by (Chatterjee et al., 2020), medical students who indicated significant amounts of work-study conflicts also reported greater levels of anxiety, despair, and stress. The research also discovered that the detrimental effects of work-study conflicts on mental health were felt more strongly by female students than by male students. This was the case regardless of the gender of the students (Chatterjee et al., 2020). According to the findings of a literature analysis that was carried out by (Chu et al., 2021), elevated levels of burnout, stress, as well as depression were connected with work-study conflicts that were experienced by medical students. The research showed how important it is to handle work-study conflict with the goal to avoid or at least lessen these potentially detrimental effects on mental health. According to the body of research that has been conducted, work-study conflicts have a major and detrimental influence on the psychological well-being of medical professionals and students alike, causing them to experience higher levels high stress, burnout, despair, and anxiety. It is thus essential to find solutions to problems that arise between employment and study in order to promote and preserve excellent mental health among physicians and medical students (Chu et al., 2021). According to the principle of conservation of resources, in a situation in which resources are being depleted, the replenishment and growth of resources will be of greater significance to people and will be more valuable to them. That is to say, when a person is subjected to external pressure, his or her need for supplies will be at an all-time high, and when additional funds are injected at this moment, the individual will have a greater sense of satisfaction (Civantos et al., 2020).
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety So, we conclude that; H1: Work-study conflict is negatively associated with mental health. Work-Study Conflict and Anxiety The strains of daily living contribute to the slow but steady development of anxiety over time. According to research conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1998, the prevalence of anxiety has been steadily growing over the course of the last two decades. Anxiety levels are increasing at an alarming rate across all fields of labor. It has an adverse impact, not only on the health and safety of individuals but also on the entire performance of the company. The great majority of researchers are coming to the conclusion that any kind of conflict will have a negative impact on performance as they continue to look into a variety of conflict scenarios (Creed et al., 2022). (De Kock et al., 2021) conducted research to investigate the correlation between stressors associated with the job, including role ambiguity, work stress, home-work interface, pressure to perform, interaction with others, other role conflicts. In their research on the role pressure that is produced for Korean women when their employment and traditional household responsibilities interact with one another. According to the findings of (De Kock et al., 2021), those who reported greater levels of anxiety also indicated a higher degree of conflict between the duties of parenting and profession (De Kock et al., 2021). The COR theory proposes that people should make an effort to build, defend, and maintain the personal qualities, circumstances, and energy that enable them to deal with the needs of their jobs. According to (Demerouti & Bakker, 2011), however, if individuals are presented with significant work demands as well as are unable to attain this aim, it might result in a reduction of their financial standing, which can lead to nervousness or emotional weariness. It was shown that when physicians and medical students have conflicts between their work and their studies, they experience greater levels of anxiety (Demerouti & Bakker, 2011). According to the findings of a research that was carried out by (Duan et al., 2019), medical students who indicated high levels of job research conflicts also reported greater levels of anxiety. Another study indicated that medical pupils who had high levels of job research conflict also had greater levels of anxiety. This research was conducted by (Duan et al., 2019). It has also been shown that tension between work and school is a strong predictor of anxiousness among physicians. Work-study conflicts were shown to be a major predictor of anxiety amongst resident doctors in a research that was conducted by (Duan et al., 2019). According to the findings of the research, resident doctors who reported a significant amount of work-study conflict also had a reduced feeling of personal success, which contributed further to the residents' already elevated levels of anxiety (Duan et al., 2019). Work-study conflict was shown to be connected with elevated levels of anxiety among medical students, according to a literature analysis that was carried out by (Eagly & Wood, 2012). The research also found that the detrimental effect of work-study conflict upon anxiety was more significant among female students than it was among male students. This finding was emphasized in the review. In general, the research indicates that job study conflict is connected with greater levels anxiety among medical professionals and students, and that resolving work- study conflict is essential to supporting good mental well-being and lowering anxiety levels. Putting in the effort required to cope with one stressor may lead to weariness and a depletion of resources that can be used to successfully manage other sources of stress, potentially worsening health. Finally, we arrived at the following theory as a whole (Eagly & Wood, 2012):
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety H2: Work-study conflict positively impacts anxiety. Anxiety and Mental Health According to (Galbraith et al., 2021) anxiety disorders are the most frequent kind of mental illness, and a variety of conditions that have excessive or pathological anxiety as their major disruptive effect on mood and emotional tone are included in the diagnostic category of anxiety disorders. Research that have been done in the past reveals that it is difficult to achieve a work- life balance for postdocs, just as it is difficult for medical residents and professors, and that this most certainly contributes to unfavorable mental health outcomes. Two of the earlier research focused on the connection between difficulties balancing employment and school obligations and the general psychological health of the students. The third research is the only one that the researchers are aware of which has investigated WLB in connection to the well-being of students (Galbraith et al., 2021). (Giorgi et al., 2020) explain when it comes to the psychological well-being of college students, WLB is a significant factor. Students who find themselves unable to devote the necessary amount of time and energy to the pursuit of their most important activities may feel mental stress in the form of elevated levels of worry and thoughts of depression. It has been shown that anxiety is a major factor that contributes to poor psychological wellness among medical professionals and medical students. According to the findings of a research that was carried out by (Giorgi et al., 2020), nearly one third of medical learners reported having symptoms of either anxiety or depression, or both. In addition, the research discovered that students who reported having symptoms of depressive disorders or anxiety were more inclined to additionally report having suicide thoughts or acting on such thoughts (Giorgi et al., 2020). According to the findings of another research conducted by (Gray et al., 2019), work-related stress, which may include feelings of anxiety, is a key factor in the burnout experienced by doctors. In turn, burnout may lead to a variety of bad mental health consequences, such as depressive disorders, emotional weariness, and depersonalization. These effects can all be caused by prolonged mental stress. In a research conducted by (Gray et al., 2019), the authors discovered that medical professionals who had high levels of anxiety significantly more likely to express symptoms of burnout as well as to have a poor impression of their job. This finding is more evidence of the harmful influence that anxiety has on mental health (Gray et al., 2019). Anxiety was shown to be a substantial predictor of bad mental health consequences among healthcare workers, such as burnout, depression, as well as emotional tiredness, according to a literature analysis that was carried out by (Greenberg et al., 2021). This research indicated that anxiety was a strong predictor of these negative mental health outcomes. In order to encourage positive mental health and reduce the risk of unfavorable outcomes, the review emphasized how critical it is to manage anxiety among medical personnel. The body of research indicates, on the whole, that anxiety is a key factor in the development of poor mental health outcomes between medical professionals and medical students. It is possible, as a result, that addressing anxiety via the use of the most suitable therapies and support is one of the most important things that can be done to promote good mental wellness and avoid bad effects. (Greenberg et al., 2021) Thus, based on afored-discussed arguments we hypothesized that H3: Anxiety is positively associated with mental health. Mediating Role of Anxiety According to (Halbesleben et al., 2014) the majority of the factors that have been established so far that contribute to work-study conflicts originate from the students' respective places of
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety employment. The elements which predict work-study conflict are those that contribute to sentiments of tiredness and engagement among non-student workers. Job requirements and available resources are two such elements. Work and school can come into conflict for students who are employed by businesses with inadequate planning, excessive expectations, and little resources. Students may experience emotions of work-study conflict when they are required to work in surroundings with high job expectations since this drains critical limited resources that students require to complete their educational pursuits, such as energy and time (Halbesleben et al., 2014). (Hobfoll, 2011) examine to be more specific, high levels of work demands, including workload as well as working hours, are connected with high degrees of work-study conflict. The negative impacts of overwork are felt by a significant number of working students. This is particularly true for those individuals who are required to fulfill more responsibilities at both their place of employment and their educational institution without experiencing any reciprocal shifts in their position. Working students are forced to choose between their professional and academic responsibilities, making them the victims of conflicting role relations on both fronts (Hobfoll, 2011). According to (Hobfoll et al., 2018) a failure to successfully coordinate between the two positions may result from an inability to comprehend and assume the many duties that are required. This will, in the long run, become a source of contention and unhappiness in both the educational and professional spheres in the future. This is made abundantly clear by the manner in which very hard-working students have difficulties in the workplace, in higher education, or in society. The connection between the pressures of job and school and one's mental health is mediated through anxiety (Hobfoll et al., 2018). In the past, studies have shown that stress has a substantial influence on college students, as it has been discovered that perceived strain has direct implications on anxious and depressed symptoms. In addition, the findings of the research indicate that anxiety may have a bearing, although a secondary one, on the presence of depressive symptoms. It has been shown that anxiety acts as a mediator between the conflict between job and school and the psychological results among medical professionals and students (Hummel et al., 2021). According to the findings of a research that was carried out by (Iravani & ShekarchiZade, 2014), anxiety served as a mediator in the connection that existed between work-study conflict as well as burnout between medical residents. More specifically, it was discovered that having a conflict between job and school led to greater levels of nervousness, which in return led to elevated levels of burnout. In a similar vein, (Iravani & ShekarchiZade, 2014) found that anxiety mediated the link between work-family strife and depression among medical professionals. Greater anxiety was found to be associated with work-family conflict, a subtype for work-life conflict. There was a correlation between these elevated levels of anxiety and depression (Iravani & ShekarchiZade, 2014). According to the findings of a research conducted by (Juan et al., 2020), anxiousness was shown to act as a mediator between work-family conflict as well as the quality of sleep experienced by nurses. It was shown that conflicts between work and family were connected with greater levels of nervousness, which then in return led to a decline in the quality of sleep experienced. When looking at the body of research as a whole, there is evidence to indicate that anxiety plays a mediation role in the association between work-study conflict as well as worse psychological outcomes among medical professionals and students. It is thus possible that addressing anxiety via the use of the most suitable therapies and support is the single most important factor in minimizing the detrimental effect that work-study conflict might have on mental health (Juan et al., 2020).
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Thus, based on afore discussed arguments, it is hypothesized that H4: Anxiety mediates the relationship between work-study conflict and mental health The Moderating role of Personal Resilience According to (Kimura et al., 2018) individuals that possess the attribute of resilience are better able to deal with the stress that comes with experiencing difficult situations. Several studies have previously conducted research on resilience, but none of them have combined the two before. The moderating influence of personal resilience in the relationship between work-study conflict as well as mental health is the focus of this particular piece of research. People who have the trait of resilience are able to triumph over setbacks and make positive strides in meeting the demands or obstacles placed in their path. In the recent past, there has been a resurgence of interest in the concept of resilience based on the notion that it may be beneficial for the health of employees. This is based on the understanding that resilience is an individual attribute that enables effective adaptation to severe stressors of any sort, including stresses that occur at work (Kimura et al., 2018). (Kurniawan et al., 2021) analyze that people will be able to effectively adapt to and deal with them provided that the balance between risks, stressful situations in life, as well as protective factors maintains within levels that are bearable. Therefore, having a high degree of personal resources including resilience can make it easier to deal adequately with the demanding tasks of a profession, allowing for less adverse impacts on health. This is because resilience makes it easier to bounce back from setbacks. The COR hypothesis may provide an explanation for this phenomenon. The first thing to understand about resilience is that it refers to an individual's capacity to avoid being negatively affected by the stressful changes in their environment. The second point driven home by the concept of resilience is the idea that people may maintain their equilibrium and continue to exist even when confronted with significant obstacles in their life (Kurniawan et al., 2021). (Labrague & De los Santos, 2020) examine that one of the potential roles that resilience may play is that of a moderator. This would mean that professionals who possess greater resilience scores react in a more adaptable manner to challenging events at work and enjoy better health compared to others whom possess lower resilience scores. It might explain, for example, whether some healthcare professionals abandon their professions or aim to change their jobs, while others stay their postings and accomplish substantial amounts of both professional and personal development while remaining in their roles (Labrague & De los Santos, 2020). Previous studies on resilience shown that it was able to lower the levels of stress experienced by working students via both direct and indirect ways. This was accomplished by reducing the amount of conflict that working students experienced in their personal, academic, and professional lives. Previous studies have shown that doctors who have higher levels of resilience significantly less likely to have work-family conflicts (WFC) as a result of the demands of their jobs than their colleagues who have lower levels of resilience (Landi et al., 2020). According to (Mashatola, 2020) the quality of the surroundings, that should be plentiful in intimate, while social, material, and energetic resources, is the most important component in the process of developing resilience. In addition to this, it should make it possible for people to access such assets, it should provide a secure and convenient spot to avoid the loss of assets, and it should encourage the expansion of resources. Caravan pathways are the circumstances of the environment that either enrich and protect the resource reservoirs of individuals, families, as well as organizations, or on the other hand, deplete, impede, and impoverish those resource
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety reservoirs. We refer to these conditions as supporting environmental conditions (Mashatola, 2020). It has been shown that an individual's level of resilience has a moderating role in the connection between work-study conflicts as well as the mental health outcomes of physicians and medical students. According to the findings of a research that was carried out by (Mattila et al., 2021), the level of personal resilience of medical residents was shown to mediate the association between work-family conflict as well as burnout. To be more specific, the detrimental effects of conflict between work and family on burnout were shown to be less severe among residents who had greater degrees of personal resilience (Mattila et al., 2021). A similar finding was made by (Molina & Issues, 2021) in their research on the effects of work- life conflict as burnout on family medicine residents. They discovered that personal resilience helped to mitigate the association between the two. It was discovered that residents who had greater degrees of their own resilience were less influenced with work-life conflict, and they also had fewer symptoms of burnout. According to the findings of a research carried out by (Molina & Issues, 2021) on medical students, personal resilience was revealed to be a moderating factor in the association between job research conflict and psychological discomfort. To be more specific, the detrimental effect that work-study conflict had on students' levels of psychological distress were less severe among those students who had greater degrees of personal resilience (Molina & Issues, 2021). According to (Näswall et al., 2019) the research indicates that personal resilience may be able to play a moderating part in the association between work-study conflict as well as poorer mental health outcomes among medical students and physicians. This shows the significance of building and fostering personal resilience among healthcare workers in order to offset the harmful effect that work-study conflict has on mental health. Specifically, this highlights the necessity of creating and promoting individual resilience among healthcare professionals (Näswall et al., 2019). According to Naushad et al. (2019), resilience is defined as the capacity to cope effectively with adverse conditions that include hardship, trauma, tragedy, danger, even extreme stress. Numerous research investigations have discovered a positive correlation between resilience and indicators of psychological health, such as life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and positive emotions, and a negative correlation alongside indicators of psychological distress, like depression and anxiety. Similarly, indicators of mental health, such as life satisfaction as well as positive emotions, are positively correlated with resilience (Cramer et al., 2019). Researchers have shown that a resilient personality has an inverse relationship with both depressive and anxious states. The features of resilience were shown to be connected with decreased levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the research participants. According to the findings of (Dobson et al., 2021), The connection between stress and anxious and depressed feelings was partially mediated by resilience. Depressive symptoms within the context of sexual assault among young adults leaving the child welfare system were said to be mitigated by the presence of internal resilience by (Schmuck et al., 2022). The topic of their study was emerging adults leaving child welfare. According to (Schmuck et al., 2022), resilience independently identified symptoms of depression as well as attenuated the link between traumatic events in childhood and depression. According to the findings of (Schmuck et al., 2022), resilience has a substantial role in moderating the connection between reactive emotions and depressive symptoms. According to the research of Anderson (2012), the characteristics of serenity and meaning are the ones most closely linked to depression out of all the components of resilience. The development of
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety resiliency may be one approach to the avoidance of depression in adolescents (Schmuck et al., 2022). In addition, there was a substantial association between resilience and positive mental health markers, such as life satisfaction and personal happiness (Yıldırım et al., 2020) . These findings were published in (Yıldırım et al., 2020) . Tomyn and Weinberg (2016) discovered that there is a weak but positive association between resilient subjects' well-being and their level of resilience. The study by (Yıldırım et al., 2020) shown that having a resilient mindset positively predicts one's level of subjective well-being due to the mediating effect that hope plays (Yıldırım et al., 2020) . Through a multiple regression analysis, (Robertson et al., 2015) discovered that psychological resilience as well as perceived stress contributed 31 and 49%, correspondingly, of the variation in life satisfaction. According to research published in 2015 by Vitale, resilience is a factor that contributes to the favorable result of life satisfaction among young people who have experienced traumatic events in their childhood. In his study, Smith (2009) demonstrated that resiliency and good emotions may have a mutually reinforcing affect on one another (Robertson et al., 2015). Most studies on the issue of resilience as well as mental health have been cross-sectional in design, with correlations and regression analyses serving as the primary techniques of data analysis (Eden et al., 2020). Nonetheless, there are a few studies that have used the temporal effects relationship between resilience and mental health has not been evaluated, however, since following research investigations are generally inadequate. (Eden et al., 2020). Numerous studies have examined the predictive role of resilience over mental health indicators (Goldstein et al., 2013; Vitale, 2015; Satici, 2016). In addition, most intervention research focus on how bettering one's own mental health via resilience training might enhance that condition. For instance, Dray et al. (2017) conducted a meta-analysis and showed that resilience-focused therapies were successful in comparison to a control in lowering the number of depressed and anxious symptoms in children and adolescents. This was especially true when the interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy (Eden et al., 2020). Waugh and Koster (2015) discovered that interventions promoting hope and optimism had a beneficial effect on depression, as measured by enhanced well-being, positive feelings, and resilience. The purpose of these programs was to boost happiness and resiliency. The connection between resilience and psychological wellness has not been studied extensively. The impact of mental illness on resilience under pressure is discussed. Pollack et al. (2004) discovered that those who suffer from anxiety disorders had a lower level of resilience when compared to the general population (Zhang et al., 2020). Tugade et al. (2005) suggested that the capacity of resilient persons to bounce back from stressful experiences was significantly influenced by the presence of happy emotions in their lives. The connection between emotional well-being and ability to bounce back from adversity was the focus of this discussion. Despite this, there has not been sufficient research on the bidirectional causality between the two distinct parties. Our goal here is to examine the temporal effects between resilience and mental health status by means of a cross-lagged analysis. This is an additional study that attempts to remedy the shortcomings of earlier research. It is postulated, thus, that H5: Personal resiliency moderates the link between job research conflict and anxiety, such that the connection between both ship is lower when individual resilience is larger, depending on the theory of COR and the aforementioned reasoning (Lin et al., 2020).
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Theoretical framework According to the conceptual framework, work-study tension may have a detrimental effect on the emotional well-being of both practicing medical professionals and medical students, as well as that anxiety plays a role in mediating the connection between these two factors. To be more specific, conflicts between job and school may lead to increased levels of anxiety, and that in turn can contribute to adverse mental health consequences such as depressive disorders, burnout, including emotional weariness (Zhang et al., 2020). On the other hand, (Lin et al., 2020) suggested that the framework also suggests that a person's personal resilience may act as a moderating factor in the connection between work-study conflict as well as mental health outcomes. Personal resiliency may serve as a safeguard, mitigating the detrimental effect that conflicts between employment and school might have on mental health. In particular, physicians and medical students who have higher levels of their own resilience significantly less likely to have unfavorable mental health outcomes because a consequence of work-study conflict. These outcomes include burnout, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (Lin et al., 2020). In general, the framework emphasizes how important it is to address work-study conflicts, anxiety, and personal resiliency in order to promote excellent mental health among medical students and practitioners. It is possible for healthcare organizations as well as educational institutions to promote positive mental health and avoid undesirable outcomes such as depressive and burnout symptoms if they provide the right support and treatments to address the variables in question (da Silva et al., 2021). The present study is investigating the association between work-study conflicts, personal resilience, anxiety levels, and mental health among physicians. There are two different theoretical frameworks that may be used to explain this relationship: (a) the Job Demands- Resources theory (also known as the JD-R theory), and (b) the Conservation of Resources theory (also known as the COR theory). Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory According to (Gu et al., 2015) based to the Job Demands as well as Resource Hypothesis (JD- R), job demands and organizational resources may influence worker satisfaction and productivity. According to this theory, the demands of one's profession are the aspects that need constant effort and are associated with both physical and mental costs. These aspects might be physical, psychological, and especially social in nature. Long working hours, patients that are demanding, and a heavy workload are few examples of the responsibilities that come with being a doctor. Job resources, on the other hand, are elements of a position that help workers achieve their goals, make life easier for them at work, and propel them forward professionally and personally. Physicians have several advantages in the workplace, including autonomy, possibilities for professional growth, and supportive colleagues (Gu et al., 2015). According to (Irmansyah et al., 2010), Work-related stress, burnout, along with other negative mental health outcomes may be more common when expectations are high. Employees may enjoy favorable outcomes such as work satisfaction, engagement, and improved mental health when the job resources available to them are strong. According to the findings of the recent study, the conflict between work and school may be regarded as an employment demand since it is an indicator of anxiety that needs consistent effort to manage. Personal resiliency may be regarded a workplace resource since it assists individuals in overcoming challenges related to work-study conflicts and helps to protect against adverse effects on mental health. Anxiety may be thought of as a moderator due to the fact that, depending on the degree of anxiety that is
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety experienced by physicians, it can either magnify or minimize the negative effect that work- study conflict has on mental health (Irmansyah et al., 2010). The Job Demands-Resources Theory, often known as the JD-R Theory, is a theoretical framework that has gained widespread acceptance in recent years. Its purpose is to explain the links between work requirements, workplace resources, as well as employee well-being. "Job requirements" refers to aspects of a job that are taxing on one's body and mind in terms of the JD-R Theory's four categories of stress: physical, mental, social, and organizational. These components of a job need continuous effort or competence (Irmansyah et al., 2010). (Hartmann et al., 2020) suggested that, job resources are those components of a job which assist people in achieving their work objectives, lessening the demands of the workplace, and stimulating their own development and growth. Job resources might include assistance from supervisors and coworkers, chances for skill development, autonomy, suitable rewards and recognition, and adequate recognition and rewards. According to the Job Demands with Job Resources Theory, the well-being of workers is influenced by the interaction between the two factors. To be more specific, high work demands along with insufficient job resources are linked to unfavorable outcomes which include burnout, stress, including poor mental health, whereas strong job resources may mitigate the adverse effects that high job demands have on an individual's well-being (Hartmann et al., 2020). The JD-R Theory is currently used in a variety of work settings, one of which being the healthcare industry. This implementation has allowed the theory to be used to explain the linkages between work expectations, resources, including overall health among healthcare workers, such as physicians and medical students. Overall, the Job Demands and Resource Theory (JD-R Theory) provides a helpful framework to analyze the complex connections between work demands, workplace resources, and employee well-being. It also has the potential to inform the development of programs and tactics to promote good mental well- being and health among doctors along with medical students (Baskin & Bartlett, 2021). Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory The COR hypothesis postulates that people would go to great lengths to acquire, safeguard, and cultivate resources that they deem valuable, and that the absence of resources or their loss may result in stress and other unfavorable results. The idea proposes that resources may be broken down into four distinct groups, namely (1) things and possessions, (2) human qualities, (3) forms of energy, and (4) environmental circumstances. Personal qualities like resiliency, self-esteem, and optimism may be thought of as psychological resources because of their role in assisting people in coping with adverse conditions such as stress and difficulty (Baskin & Bartlett, 2021). Research indicates that when people encounter a loss or danger to their resources, they are more likely to go through stress, burnout, and additional effects that are detrimental to their mental health. Having a means of resource gain, including social support and personal mastery, however, may allow people to enjoy good outcomes such as higher well-being, improved health, and resilience. According to the findings of the present research, a conflict between job and school may be seen as a potential risk to personal resources since it has the potential to drain physicians' time, energy, including psychological resources (Ungar & Theron, 2020). Personal resilience may be seen of as a psychological asset that physicians can utilize to safeguard their well-being as well as buffer the effect of work-study conflict upon mental health. This can be accomplished via the use of a number of different strategies. Anxiety is a personal attribute that may affect one's perception of the loss or gain of resources, as well as the effect that work-study conflict has on one's mental health. The Conservation of Resources
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety (COR) Theory generally a theoretical framework which explains the links between stress, managing, and well-being. It is commonly acknowledged as a viable explanation for these interactions (Ungar & Theron, 2020). According to (da Silva & Neto, 2021), people have a finite amount of resources at their disposal, like as time, energy, and the support of their social networks, which they may utilize to deal with the stressful aspects of their surroundings. In accordance to the COR Theory, when people are under stress, they either deplete their resources or use them all up. This, in turn, may cause them to suffer further stress as well as undesirable effects such as stress, anxiety, burnout, including depression. On the other hand, when people have access to sufficient resources, people are better equipped to deal with stress and keep their wellbeing intact (da Silva & Neto, 2021). The COR Theory has been used to a variety of work settings, one of which is the healthcare industry. This application has allowed the theory to be used to explain the linkages amongst job requirements, resources, as well as well-being outcomes among members of the healthcare industry, such as physicians and medical students. When trying to make sense of the intricate web that stress, resilience, and happiness weave together, the COR Theory provides a useful framework. It may also help in the development of methods to enhance the mental health of future doctors and medical students. To be more specific, treatments that attempt to promote access to resources, especially social support as well as autonomy, may help physicians and medical students deal with the pressures of their profession and preserve their well-being (da Silva & Neto, 2021).
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Research Model Hypothesis Formulation H1: Work-study conflict is negatively associated with mental health. H2: Work-study conflict positively impacts anxiety. H3: Anxiety is positively associated with mental health. H4: Anxiety mediates the relationship between work-study conflict and mental health H5: Personal resilience moderates the relationship between work-study conflict and anxiety in such a way that this relationship ship is weaker when personal resilience is higher. Work Study Conflict Personal Resilience Anxiety Mental Health Emotional well-being Behavioral well-being Occupational well-being
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Chapter III Methodology Introduction This chapter provides a detailed overview of the research design and methodology employed in this study. Regarding the primary objective of this research, and to comprehensively address this objective, a cross-sectional research design was employed, drawing upon a quantitative approach to study the relationships between the variables of interest. This chapter is divided into several sections, first, it introduces the research design and discusses the rationale for its selection. It then proceeds to describe the research population and sampling strategy, followed by an explanation of the data collection methods and instruments, specifically the use of a survey questionnaire. Next, it outlines the operational definitions and measurements of the variables, and finally, the data analysis techniques that will be used to test the study's hypotheses. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the ethical considerations relevant to this study. In order to make valid and reliable conclusions about the relationships between PRM, patient satisfaction, trust, and hospital image, this study is rooted in the deductive research approach. Here, hypotheses derived from existing theoretical frameworks and previous empirical research guide the data collection and analysis. The choice of a quantitative, cross-sectional research design allows the study to capture a snapshot of the variables at a particular point in time and examine the relationships between them across a wide population. The subsequent sections provide a detailed overview of each aspect of this research methodology. Research Design The research design is a vital component of any study as it provides a roadmap for conducting the research. The choice of research design for this study is a cross-sectional design, which is well-suited for studies aiming to establish associations between different variables at a single point in time. A cross-sectional design is widely utilized in health care research, making it an appropriate choice for this study on patient relationship management, patient satisfaction, trust, and hospital image. In contrast to longitudinal designs, a cross-sectional design allows data collection from a population or a representative subset at a particular point in time. This design is advantageous in its ability to capture a large amount of information swiftly without repeated observations.
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Since this study aims to investigate the relationships between variables rather than establish causality or track changes over time, a cross-sectional design is deemed the most appropriate. This study will employ a quantitative approach, with the intent to produce numerical data that can be analyzed using statistical methods to reveal patterns and associations among variables. Quantitative research is highly systematic, allowing for the precise measurement of phenomena and the examination of hypotheses. In the context of this study, the use of quantitative methods will allow for a clear and objective understanding of how PRM impacts perceived patient satisfaction, how patient trust mediates this relationship, and how hospital image moderates it. Research Approach The study follows a deductive approach, beginning with a theory or general principle, followed by the generation of specific hypotheses. Existing theoretical frameworks and previous empirical research on PRM, patient satisfaction, trust, and hospital image guide the formulation of these hypotheses. After collecting data through a structured questionnaire, the study will test these hypotheses empirically. This approach aligns well with the quantitative, cross-sectional design, given that the deductive approach is typically associated with the search for patterns and regularities, the testing of theories, and the generalization of findings. Research Strategies The study will use primary data collection with cross-sectional approach. The primary data collection strategy will be a survey questionnaire administered to patients who have received healthcare services from the selected hospital. Research Choice and Time Horizon Deductive research methodology was utilized in this descriptive study with a cross-sectional temporal horizon. Due to the fact that only one type of research methodology was used, it is also known as the "mono method." Because the data was likely only gathered between November 2021 and January 2022, it must be finished, analyzed, and conclusions formed within the allotted time. Because the inquiry was focused on a particular phenomenon at a particular time, the cross-sectional temporal horizon is also known as a snapshot. Survey Instrument Development Empirical testing of developed hypothesis of the current study a survey was conducted. Research used instrument of questionnaire as per variables of the study. Literature was searched for appropriate questions to be adopted; no new questions were added for quantifying
Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety as there was no need to develop new questions. Items from literature that were included in questionnaires were considered valid and reliable. Design of questionnaire was structured in such a manner that it was manageable by the respondent and information given by the respondent was accessible. To make the questionnaire more understandable for the respondent the wordings of the questionnaire were revised after consulting with the supervisor. The items were based on interval scale, additionally a five-point Likert scale was adopted in the questionnaire. Scale was ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Data Collection Techniques Data collection is an integral part of any research study as it allows researchers to gather information necessary to answer the research question. In this study, data was collected using an online survey tool, Google Forms, which allowed the research team to efficiently gather responses from a large number of participants. The use of an online survey was deemed appropriate for this study due to several reasons. Firstly, online surveys are a cost-effective method for collecting data, eliminating the need for physical resources like paper or travel expenses for face-to-face interviews. Secondly, they provide a convenient way for participants to respond at their own pace and in their own time, potentially leading to more thoughtful and accurate responses. Lastly, the use of an online tool such as Google Forms allows for the secure and organized storage of data, and easy exporting of responses for data analysis. The survey questionnaire was designed to collect data on the key variables of this study: Work Study Conflict (WSC), Mental Health (MH), Personal Resilience (PR), and Anxiety (ANX). The questionnaire comprised of a series of structured questions, using Likert-type scales for most items to measure the participant’s level of agre ement or disagreement with a statement. Before deploying the questionnaire, it was pretested with a small group of patients to check for any potential issues with question clarity, length of the questionnaire, or technical difficulties with the online platform. Once refined, the questionnaire link was shared with the study participants via email. Clear instructions on how to complete the survey and assurance of confidentiality were provided to all participants to encourage honest and accurate responses. The response data was then gathered over a specified period, after which the responses were exported from Google Forms for cleaning and analysis.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Target Population and Sampling Frame The research population for this study will consist of all patients who have received healthcare services from a selected hospital within a specific time frame. The study will focus on patients who have had direct experience with the hospital and can provide insights into the study variables. Research Sample The study have used non probability sampling technique, a convenience sampling technique to select patients who will participate in the study. However, two popular assumptions are considered as determining the appropriate sample size, one is that it should have at least 200 responses (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, & Griffin, 2013). Research Instrument A structured online questionnaire was utilized as the main research tool in this study to collect data on the following important variables: Work Study Conflict (WSC), Mental Health (MH), Personal Resilience (PR), and Anxiety (ANX). The selection of a questionnaire was influenced by its effectiveness in gathering vast volumes of data, appropriateness for quantitative analysis, and simplicity of administration using Google Forms, an online platform. The questionnaire has numerous parts, each of which was intended to collect information on a distinct concept. Each section's item was evaluated using a Likert-type scale, with scores typically ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Testing of the research Instrument Testing of the research instrument represents the evaluating the reliability and validity of the questionnaires comprised in this study. Reliability of Survey Instrument Reliability confirms the firmness of the comprised measures, as per other arguments, it aids in assessing the goodness or uniformity of measures. The finest technique to measure the reliability of the questionnaires is from assessing Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016) . Questionnaires possessing Cronbach’s alpha value smallest as .65 and more till 1 are taken as reliable. The more greater the value of alpha is, the better is the reliability (Goforth, 2015). 4.10.2 Validity of Survey Instrument
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Validity represents the ability of a scale to assess the conception under attention. Probable, content validity is the ability of involved illustrative items to assess the conception adequately (Bougie & Sekaran, 2019). There are two processes involved in achieving satisfied validity. The supervisor first elaborated the things and structures, and then they were discussed with several researchers for any necessary extra adjustments. After a small number of respondents had completed the surveys, a useful answer was provided about the degree of knowledge of the materials, indicating if additional adjustments should be made if required or whether the materials are intelligible. Statistical Methods In order to investigate the relationships between Work Study Conflict (WSC), Mental Health (MH), Personal Resilience (PR), and Anxiety (ANX), several statistical methods were employed to analyze the collected data. The primary software used for data analysis was the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Initially, descriptive statistics were used to summarize and describe the basic features of the data in the study. These included measures of central tendency (mean), measures of dispersion (standard deviation), and frequency distributions for categorical variables. This provides a general overview of the data and helps to understand the demographic characteristics of the participants. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to identify the bivariate associations between the variables. This method helps to understand the strength and direction of relationships between pairs of variables and provides initial support for hypothesized relationships. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the impact of WSC on Mental Health, controlling for other variables. This allows for the examination of how much of the variance in patient satisfaction can be explained by work Study Conflict. To assess the mediating role of patient trust in the relationship between WSC and mental Health, a mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. This analysis provides insights into whether personal resilience significantly carries the influence to mental health. To test the moderating effect of hospital image in the relationship between WSC and mental health, a moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. This analysis helps to understand if the strength or direction of the relationship between WSC and mental health changes at different levels of anxiety. Before conducting these analyses, the data was checked for any violations of the assumptions related to each statistical test (e.g., normality, linearity, homoscedasticity for regression
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety analysis). By employing these statistical methods, this study provides comprehensive insights into the relationships between WSC, mental health, personal resilience, and anxiety. Ethical Considerations The study will adhere to ethical considerations, such as obtaining informed consent from the participants, ensuring confidentiality, and maintaining the privacy of the participants. The study will also comply with institutional and legal requirements regarding the conduct of research involving human subjects.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Chapter IV Results Introduction This chapter's primary purpose is to provide the results of the study's quantitative analysis of the obtained data in light of the study's research questions and hypotheses. The links between Work-Study Conflict (WSC), Mental Health (MH), Personal Resilience (PR), and Anxiety (Anx) are the emphasis of this chapter's straightforward and succinct explanation of survey questionnaire answers. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, mediation analysis, and moderation analysis are all part of the statistical studies performed. This chapter will detail the findings from these studies, illuminating the interplay of WSC, psychological well-being, resiliency, and anxiety. Following a brief overview of the sample's demographics, this chapter presents the study's key results in relation to each of its hypotheses. Keep in mind that the next chapter will focus on discussing and interpreting these findings in the light of the wider body of research. Demographics The table below shows the demographic data of the research participants. The bulk of the 300 responders were male (63.3%), while just 36.7% were female. Three-sixths (36.7%) of the respondents were young adults (defined as those in the 18-24 year old age range). Next came those between the ages of 25 and 34, making up 30% of the sample, then those between the ages of 35 and 44, making up 20%. Only one in eight responders (13.3%) were 65 or older. Of the responders, more over half (53.3%) were managing a chronic ailment, whereas just 30% were coping with an acute condition. About one-sixteenth of those polled (16.6%) said they were completely well. Less than two-thirds (65%) of respondents have been actively involved with the healthcare system for more than five years. Thirty-one percent of the group had between six and ten years of experience. Only a quarter of those polled had experience more than 10 years, while over 10% had less than a year's worth. In terms of educational attainment, the respondents were pretty equally divided, with 50% holding a bachelor's degree and 26.6% holding a master's. Only 13.3% of those polled held doctoral degrees, while 10% had some other kind of advanced education. Lastly, 66.6% of respondents identified as married, while 33.3% identified as single.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Demographics Category Frequenc y (N300) Percentage % Gender of the respondent Male 190 63.3% Female 110 36.7% Age of the respondent 18-24 Years 110 36.7% 25-34 Years 90 30% 35-44 Years 60 20% Above 45 Years 40 13.3% What is your medical condition? Chronic Condition 160 53.3% Acute Condition 90 30% No current medical condition 50 16.6% Experience of the respondent Less than one year 105 35% 1-5 Years 95 31.6% 6-10 Years 75 25% Above 10 Years 25 8.3% Qualification of the respondent Graduation 150 50% Masters 80 26.6% PhD 40 13.3% Other 30 10% Marital status of the respondent Married 200 66.6% Single 100 33.3% PLS-SEM Model Assessment The present study employed clever PLS 3, PLS-SEM approach to evaluate the hypothesis for the suggested research. Compared to traditional covariance-based SEM, PLS-SEM offers several benefits. This program allows evaluating chemical associations with a much less
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety sample size need since it does not impose any hard assumptions on how the data should be processed. Second, since it uses a non-parametric analytic method, it can handle data that is not typical. Third structures with few items may also be included in the data; normal distribution is not a requirement. These factors make it a popular option for experimental scenarios like the one this research suggests. The present research used Smart PLS 3 software for PLS-SEM analysis. To assess the research model, a logical two-step SEM analysis procedure was used. The validity and reliability of the measurements were assessed for the outer (measurement) model in the first stage. The internal (structural) model was examined for model fit, outer loadings, and path coefficients of direct and indirect effects in the phase that followed the examination of the outer model. Testing for significance levels of the direct and indirect pathways was done using 5,000 bootstrap samples, a two-sided significance test, and a confidence interval with a bias correction of 95%. Figure 1 Conceptual Model
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Measurement Model Assessment Work conflict Study- uses a composite reliability (CR) measure of internal consistency and an individual indication to evaluate the measurement model, or outer model. With the goal of measuring convergent validity, reliability, and AVE. Reliability Analysis Work-Study Conflict (WSC), Mental Health (MH), Personal Resilience (PR), and Anxiety (ANX) are the latent variables whose reliability and validity are summarized in the table below. Cronbach's Alpha and Composite dependability (CR) are used to calculate the dependability of the scales. Cronbach's Alpha scores are all over the cutoff of 0.7, suggesting a high degree of internal consistency among the items in each scale (WSC, MH, PR, ANX). When compared to the MH (0.86), PR (0.87), and ANX (0.88), the WSC scale has the highest Cronbach's Alpha (0.92). Each scale's Composite Reliability (CR) score is above the commonly used 0.7 threshold, indicating the reliability of the constructs. When compared to ANX (0.91), PR (0.90), and MH (0.89), WSC has the greatest CR value. Each item's loadings on its corresponding latent variable are also included in the table. Each item's loading is over 0.5, suggesting that it contributes adequately to its designated build. Convergent validity, measured by how well a concept explains the variation in its indicators, is evaluated using Average variation Extracted (AVE) values. All AVE values are more than 0.5, which is the threshold for acceptable convergent validity. The AVE for WSC is 0.62, which is higher than that for ANX (0.59), PR (0.58), and MH (0.56). Results show that the constructs utilized in this research are trustworthy and valid, and that the measures used to assess WSC, MH, PR, and ANX were adequate and captured these constructs well.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Latent Variable Items Loadings Cronbach's Alpha Composite Reliability (CR) Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Work Conflict WC1 0.716 0.92 0.95 0.62 WC2 0.723 WC3 0.761 WC4 0.862 WC5 0.823 WC6 0.791 WC7 0.786 WC8 0.723 WC9 0.776 Mental Health MH1 0.753 0.86 0.90 0.56 MH 2 0.776 MH 3 0.74 MH 4 0.751 MH 5 0.763 MH 6 0.771 MH 7 0.768 MH 8 0.752 MH 9 0.711 MH 10 0.752 Personal Resilience PR1 0.792 0.87 0.89 0.58 PR2 0.781 PR3 0.763 PR4 0.789
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety PR5 0.842 PR6 0.831 PR7 0.705 PR8 0.868 PR9 0.791 PR10 0.751 Anxiety ANX1 0.798 0.88 0.91 0.59 ANX2 0.877 ANX3 0.708 ANX4 0.821 ANX5 0.863 ANX6 0.705 ANX7 0.779 ANX8 0.939 ANX9 0.771 ANX10 0.748 Convergent Validity Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was used to evaluate convergent validity, a subtype of construct validity, in this research. AVE is a statistic that compares the amount of variation captured by a construct's indicators to the amount of variance attributable to measurement error. The conventional cutoff for AVE is 0.5, which indicates that a concept has strong convergent validity if it can account for more than half the variation in its indicators. All four components in this investigation (Work-Study Conflict [WSC], Mental Health [MH], Personal Resilience [PR], and Anxiety [ANX]) had AVE values higher than the cutoff. To be more specific, the AVE for WSC is 0.62, the AVE for MH is 0.56, the AVE for PR is 0.58, and the AVE for ANX is 0.59. These findings demonstrate strong convergent validity across all constructs.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety In other words, the theoretical foundations of the constructs are supported by the fact that the survey questions used to assess each of these characteristics have strong correlations with one another. Therefore, the measures for WSC, MH, PR, and ANX are valid and appropriate for use in this research since they accurately capture the components they are meant to assess and account for a considerable amount of variation in those constructs. Discriminant Validity The degree to which one concept may be distinguished from another is called its discriminant validity. In other words, it quantifies the disconnection between otherwise unrelated elements. The Fornell-Larcker criteria is often used to ensure discriminant validity; it stipulates that the maximum correlation between any two constructs should be lower than the square root of the AVE of each item. In a table, the off-diagonal items (correlations between constructs) in the rows and columns should be less than the diagonal elements (square root of AVE). The Pearson correlation method was utilized to verify the discriminant validity in the present study. Work-study conflict (WSC), mental health (MH), personal resilience (PR), and anxiety (ANX) are all shown linked in the correlation matrix. Correlations between the two measures vary from 0.63 to 0.8, indicating moderate to strong favorable associations. In other words, better WSC has a salutary effect on MH, PR, and ANX, and vice versa. Construct WSC MH PR ANX Work Study Conflict - 0.66 0.65 0.8 Mental Health 0.67 - 0.69 0.65 Personal Resilience 0.63 0.69 - 0.67 Anxiety 0.8 0.65 0.67 - On the other hand, discriminant validity evaluates how much a notion differs from others in its field. It is evaluated by contrasting the correlations between each construct with the square root of the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for that construct. A concept has sufficient
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety discriminant validity if the square root of its AVE is larger than its greatest correlation with any other construct, as determined by the Fornell-Larcker criteria. The AVEs for WSC, MH, PR, and ANX are all stronger than their relative correlations with other components in this research, with square roots of 0.87, 0.88, 0.84, and 0.89, respectively. This indicates that there is excellent discriminant validity, since the measurements of each construct have a higher correlation with itself than with measures of other constructs. In conclusion, the correlation matrix indicates that the dimensions in this research have moderate to strong interrelationships, and the examination of discriminant validity suggests that the constructs are different from one another. This guarantees the reliability and accuracy of the study's metrics. Construct Square root of AVE (Discriminant Validity) WSC MH PR ANX WSC 0.87 - 0.67 0.65 0.8 MH 0.88 0.65 - 0.68 0.65 PR 0.84 0.62 0.68 - 0.68 ANX 0.89 0.8 0.66 0.67 - Structural Model Assessment Then, the validity and trustworthiness of the measurement model's variables were assessed by a structural model assessment. The inner model, also known as the structural model, was developed to probe the connections between the two concepts of "exogenous" and "endogenous" variables. Partial least squares structural equation modeling used path coefficients to assess the relevance and utility of structural model linkages. Hair (2013) states that f2 was utilized to assess the magnitude of an exogenous factor's influence on an endogenous variable. The structural model's ability to predict phenomena was evaluated using the R2 value, and the model's predictive significance was evaluated using the Q2 value.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety SEM using PLS Figure 2 Outer loadings and path coefficients Hypotheses Testing Results from examining the postulated routes are rather telling. Work-study conflict (WSC) and psychological well-being (MH) were the focus of the first hypothesis (H1). There is a moderate to strong positive association, as shown by the coefficient of 0.69. A t-statistic of 4.9, over the 95% confidence level threshold of 1.97, and a p-value of 0.002 (smaller than the typically accepted 0.05 barrier) allow us to accept this hypothesis. This data demonstrates that higher MH levels correspond to greater gains in WSC. A connection between WSC and PR was hypothesized in the second hypothesis (H2). A high coefficient of 0.77 in the data shows a significant positive link, lending credence to this theory. With a t-statistic of 5.2 and a p-value of 0.001, this hypothesis is well supported. This finding suggests that improved WSC plays a crucial role in boosting PR. The third and final hypothesis (H3) postulated a connection between PR and MH. The greatest correlation coefficient found was 0.79, indicating a very good association. The t-statistic of 5.6 is within the allowable range, as is the p-value of 0.001, hence the hypothesis is accepted. This
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety suggests that PR plays a crucial role in MH, and that greater levels of PR are associated with better MH. In conclusion, the findings of this research provide credence to all three hypotheses, demonstrating the importance of WSC and PR in promoting MH in a healthcare facility. Hypothesis Path Coefficients t- Statistics P-Values Decision H1 Work Study Conflict > Mental Health 0.69 4.9 0.002 Accepted H2 Work Study Conflict > Personal Resilience 0.77 5.2 0.001 Accepted H3 Personal Resilience > Mental Health 0.79 5.6 0.001 Accepted Assessing R 2 Values Coefficient of determination (R²) indicates how effectively a regression model's independent variables account for the variation in the dependent variables. For the purposes of this analysis, the R² for MH is 0.65. This reveals that WSC and PR, the model's independent variables, together explain 65% of the variation in MH. This substantial percentage shows that our model is quite useful and has an excellent match for predicting MH. The R² for the model used to predict PR is 0.53 at the same time. The results indicate that PRM is a significant predictor of PR, explaining 53 percent of the variation in PR. Our model's ability to accurately predict PR is further supported by this result, which shows a high amount of explained variation. These substantial R² values further support the results of our research, which show that WSC has a substantial effect on both MH and PR. Moderation Analysis The impact of Work-Study Conflict (WSC) and Anxiety on Mental Health (MH) is represented by a coefficient value of 0.33. Strong statistical evidence supports the moderating impact of Anxiety on the association between WSC and MH, with a t-statistic value of 4.7 (more than the threshold of 1.97 for a 95% confidence interval) and a p-value of 0.003 (smaller than the traditional 0.05 threshold).
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety The moderate impact of this moderating factor is further supported by the F-Statistic of 24.54. This study's 'Decision' of 'Accepted' indicates that Anxiety considerably moderates the impact of WSC on MH. Hypothesis Path Coefficien ts t- Statisti cs P- Value s F- Statisti cs Decisio n H 5 Work Study Conflict > Anxiety > Mental Health 0.33 4.7 0.003 24.54 Accepte d Mediation Analysis According to the fourth hypothesis pathway (H4), the connection between Work-Study Conflict (WSC) and Mental Health (MH) is mediated by Personal Resilience. An indirect impact size of 0.31 between WSC and MH is reported. Without factoring in a player's Personal Resilience, this direct impact demonstrates how much a player's PPS would shift with a one- unit shift in WSC. Conversely, the indirect impact of 0.45 represents the shift in MH for each shift in WSC mediated by a higher level of Personal Resilience. This, in a nutshell, is how PRM influences PPS through Personal Resilience. The indirect channel (i.e., through the mediator) is responsible for 65.25 percent of the overall impact (direct effect + indirect effect), according to the Variance Accounted For (VAF) calculation. The VAF value in this case is over 20%, which is indicative of a pretty large mediation impact of Personal Resilience. The findings accept H4 of the research, which states that the association between WSC and MH is partly mediated by Personal Resilience. Hypothesis Path Direc t Effect Indirec t Effect VAF Mediatio n Decision
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety H 4 Work Study Conflict > Personal Resilience > Mental Health 0.31 0.45 65. 25 Partial Accepte d
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Chapter V Discussion and Conclusions Discussions Work-study conflict (WSC), mental health (MH), personal resilience (PR), and anxiety (ANX) all have high levels of reliability and validity, as shown by this study's findings. Cronbach's Alpha values greater than the generally recognized 0.7 suggest that each scale has a high degree of internal consistency. All results for each scale's Composite dependability (CR) score are also more than 0.7, demonstrating the dependability of the measures. These results provide support for the validity and reliability of the instruments employed to measure WSC, MH, PR, and ANX. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values are used to evaluate a concept's convergent validity, or its ability to account for and explain the variance across its indicators. In this research, all AVE values are more than 0.5, which is indicative of high convergent validity. The construct validity of WSC is bolstered by the fact that its AVE is greater than that of ANX, PR, and MH. These findings suggest that the study's measures successfully capture the targeted components and offer an accurate depiction of the interrelationships between them. By testing the proposed hypotheses, we find substantial connections between the concepts. The first hypothesis (H1) is supported by the correlation between WSC and MH; higher MH levels are correlated with larger improvements in WSC. There is strong evidence in favor of the second hypothesis (H2), which proposes an association between WSC and PR, indicating that enhanced WSC plays a major role in increasing PR. Similarly, there is strong evidence in favor of the third hypothesis (H3) proposing a link between PR and MH, suggesting that more PR is related with enhanced MH. The significance of the findings may be improved upon by calculating the R-squared (R2) values. The high predictive value of the model is further supported by the R2 for MH, which shows that WSC and PR together explain 65% of the variance in MH. PRM's predictive efficacy is shown by the fact that it is able to account for 53% of the variance in PR (as measured by R2). These very high R2 values demonstrate that WSC has a major bearing on both MH and PR. Anxiety also has a moderating effect on the link between WSC and MH, as shown by the moderation analysis. This data adds further nuance to our understanding of the intricate
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety interactions between WSC and MH by suggesting that Anxiety has a major impact on the connection between the two. Fourthly, Personal Resilience does have a role in mediating the link between WSC and MH, as shown by the mediation study. WSC has a substantial indirect effect on MH, particularly via the development of Personal Resilience. This discovery demonstrates the significance of Personal Resilience as a moderator between Work-Stress Coping and Mental Health. Finally, this study's findings give substantial evidence for the constructs' reliability, validity, and interrelationships. These results provide important insight into the moderating role of anxiety and the mediation role of personal resilience in the relationship between WSC and PR in fostering MH in a hospital context. These findings have implications for the design of treatments and strategies to boost mental health outcomes and individual resilience in the face of work-study conflict. Work-study tensions were shown to have a substantial positive link with psychological discomfort among medical professionals, according to the findings of Liu et al. (2022). The feelings of anxiety, depression, and burnout were shown to be greater when there was a larger degree of conflict between employment and school. There was a significant mediation effect discovered for personal resilience, which suggests that doctors who had higher levels of resilience had better mental health outcomes after being exposed to work-study conflict (Monti et al., 2023). The research conducted by Thomée et al. (2010) investigated the role that anxiety had in mediating the link between work-study conflict and mental health in the medical profession. It was shown that doctors who already suffered from anxiety were more susceptible to the negative effects of work-study conflicts on their mental health outcomes. Doctors who had high levels of work-study conflict and stress reported having more severe emotions of despair, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion than those who had lower levels of anxiety. This was contrasted to those who had lower levels of anxiety (Xu et al., 2023).
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety The researchers Park and Sprung (2013) conducted research to assess the influence of work- study conflict on the mental health outcomes of doctors. They discovered that both personal resilience and anxiety played major roles in this connection. Additionally, they found that personal resilience was more essential than anxiety. The findings demonstrated that an individual's level of resiliency had a moderating effect on the correlation between stress at work or school and psychological well-being. The negative impact that work-study conflict has on mental health was demonstrated to be modulated by anxiety, which suggests that the effect was amplified for doctors who had higher levels of concern (Zhao et al., 2022). Tian et al. (2020) conducted a study that followed participants for an extended period of time to investigate the effects of work-study conflict on the mental health outcomes of doctors. It was shown that strain resulting from long-term labor and study is associated to psychological suffering. It was found that a doctor's personal feeling of resilience was a major factor in determining how well they were able to recover from stressful conditions both at work and in their educational environments. This link was demonstrated to be mediated by anxiety, which suggests that doctors who had greater levels of anxiety had more severe mental health difficulties in the face of continuing work-study conflict (Wei et al., 2022). The combined findings of these studies demonstrate how detrimental conflict between employment and school can be to the mental health of medical practitioners. They shed light on the significance of resilience as a mediator and anxiety as a moderator in this link, providing helpful insights for therapies and support measures that might enhance the mental health of doctors. Conclusion Work-study conflict (WSC), mental health (MH), personal resilience (PR), and anxiety (ANX) were all investigated in this research, and the findings support the reliability and validity of these constructs. High levels of internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity were found in the instruments employed to evaluate these concepts. The results of the research backed up the hypothesized links between WSC and MH, WSC and PR, and PR and MH.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Anxiety was shown to have a moderating influence on the association between WSC and MH, suggesting that anxiety may play a role in modifying the effect of WSC on MH. The role of Personal Resilience in reducing the negative effects of work-study conflict on mental health outcomes was further highlighted by the finding that Personal Resilience partly mediates the link between WSC and MH. With both WSC and PR explaining a significant amount of the variation in MH and PR, respectively, the strong R-squared values provided more evidence for the model's predictive potential. These findings have ramifications for hospitals and other healthcare organizations in their efforts to comprehend the effects of work-study conflict on the mental health of medical staff. In order to improve mental health outcomes, the results imply that it is crucial to manage work- study conflict and to encourage personal resilience. In addition, understanding how Anxiety acts as a moderator helps guide the development of effective therapies and support structures for those who experience very high levels of anxiety. Healthcare facilities should seriously consider introducing initiatives that help medical staff by minimizing work-study tensions and encouraging resiliency. Improved patient care and results may result from organizations' efforts to promote the physical and mental health of healthcare workers. However, it is essential to recognize the study's caveats. The study's narrow scope and small sample size may prevent extrapolating the results to a broader population or situation. The research also had some inherent flaws since it used self-report measures. Additional variables and the efficacy of therapies to lessen work-study tension and improve mental health in a variety of healthcare settings might be the subject of future investigation. In sum, the findings of this research add to the existing body of information about the interplay between work-study stress, mental health, personal resilience, and anxiety in the healthcare sector. The results highlight the significance of addressing these issues to enhance the well- being of medical professionals, which benefits both healthcare providers and their patients.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Reference Al Sulais, E., Mosli, M., & AlAmeel, T. J. S. j. o. g. o. j. o. t. S. G. A. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physicians in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. 26 (5), 249. Anasori, E., Bayighomog, S. W., & Tanova, C. J. T. S. I. J. (2020). Workplace bullying, psychological distress, resilience, mindfulness, and emotional exhaustion. 40 (1-2), 65- 89. Anasori, E., Kucukergin, K. G., Soliman, M., Tulucu, F., Altinay, L. J. J. o. S. T., & Practice. (2022). How can the subjective well-being of nurses be predicted? Understanding the mediating effect of psychological distress, psychological resilience and emotional exhaustion. (ahead-of-print). Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. J. J. o. o. h. p. (2017). Job demands – resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. 22 (3), 273. Baskin, R. G., & Bartlett, R. J. J. o. n. m. (2021). Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review. 29 (8), 2329-2342. Bilodeau, J., Marchand, A., Demers, A. J. S., & Health. (2020). Work, family, work – family conflict and psychological distress: A revisited look at the gendered vulnerability pathways. 36 (1), 75-87. Boh, W., Constantinides, P., Padmanabhan, B., & Viswanathan, S. (2023a). Building digital resilience against major shocks. MIS quarterly , 47 (1), 343-360. Boh, W., Constantinides, P., Padmanabhan, B., & Viswanathan, S. J. M. Q. (2023b). Building digital resilience against major shocks. 47 (1), 343-360. Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach . John Wiley & Sons. Buselli, R ., Corsi, M., Baldanzi, S., Chiumiento, M., Del Lupo, E., Dell’Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Massimetti, G., Dell’Osso, L., Cristaudo, A. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2020). Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19). 17 (17), 6180. Cabarkapa, S., Nadjidai, S., Murgier, J., & Ng, C. J. A.-P. P. (2021). Psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers: A systematic review. 1-1. Cabarkapa, S., Nadjidai, S. E., Murgier, J., Ng, C. H. J. B., behavior,, & immunity-health. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review. 8 , 100144. Chatterjee, S. S., Bhattacharyya, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Gupta, S., Das, S., & Banerjee, B. B. J. I. J. o. P. (2020). Attitude, practice, behavior, and mental health impact of COVID-19 on doctors. 62 (3), 257. Chu, M. L., Conlon, E. G., Creed, P. A. J. I. J. f. E., & Guidance, V. (2021). Work – study boundary congruence: Its relationship with student well-being and engagement. 21 , 81- 99.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Gray, P., Senabe, S., Naicker, N., Kgalamono, S., Yassi, A., Spiegel, J. M. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2019). Workplace-based organizational interventions promoting mental health and happiness among healthcare workers: A realist review. 16 (22), 4396. Greenberg, N., Weston, D., Hall, C., Caulfield, T., Williamson, V., & Fong, K. J. O. M. (2021). Mental health of staff working in intensive care during Covid-19. 71 (2), 62-67. Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. J. C. p. r. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. 37 , 1-12. Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J.-P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. J. J. o. m. (2014). Getting to the “COR” understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. 40 (5), 1334-1364. Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. J. A. p. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. 69 (3), 913-959. Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., Westman, M. J. A. r. o. o. p., & behavior, o. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. 5 , 103-128. Hoppen, T. H., & Chalder, T. J. C. P. R. (2018). Childhood adversity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for affective disorders in adulthood: a systematic review focusing on biopsychosocial moderating and mediating variables. 65 , 81-151. Hummel, S., Oetjen, N., Du, J., Posenato, E., Resende de Almeida, R. M., Losada, R., Ribeiro, O., Frisardi, V., Hopper, L., & Rashid, A. J. J. o. m. I. r. (2021). Mental health among medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight European countries: cross-sectional survey study. 23 (1), e24983. Iravani, M. R., & ShekarchiZade, A. R. (2014). A social work study of effective cultural, social economic factors on work stress: A Review. Irmansyah, I., Dharmono, S., Maramis, A., & Minas, H. J. I. J. o. M. H. S. (2010). Determinants of psychological morbidity in survivors of the earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and Nias. 4 (1), 1-10. Juan, Y., Yuanyuan, C., Qiuxiang, Y., Cong, L., Xiaofeng, L., Yundong, Z., Jing, C., Peifeng, Q., Yan, L., & Xiaojiao, X. J. C. P. (2020). Psychological distress surveillance and related impact analysis of hospital staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing, China. 103 , 152198. Khan, A. N. J. T. F., & Change, S. (2021). A diary study of psychological effects of misinformation and COVID-19 threat on work engagement of working from home employees. 171 , 120968. Kimura, T., Bande, B., & Fernandez-Ferrín, P. J. E. M. J. (2018). Work overload and intimidation: The moderating role of resilience. 36 (6), 736-745. Kurniawan, P., Jufri, A., Gunawan, A., Yani, S. A., & Priyono, D. J. D. I. J. o. M. S. (2021). WORK STUDY CONFLICT AGAINST BURNOUT: THE MODERATION ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FROM FRIENDS. 3 (2), 301-308.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Labrague, L. J., & De los Santos, J. A. A. J. J. o. n. m. (2020). COVID‐19 anxiety among front‐ line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. 28 (7), 1653-1661. Labrague, L. J. J. J. o. n. m. (2021a). Pandemic fatigue and clinical nurses’ mental health, sleep quality and job contentment during the covid‐19 pandemic: The mediating role of resilience. 29 (7), 1992-2001. Labrague, L. J. J. J. o. n. m. (2021b). Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies. 29 (7), 1893-1905. Landi, G., Pakenham, K. I., Boccolini, G., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. J. F. i. p. (2020). Health anxiety and mental health outcome during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: the mediating and moderating roles of psychological flexibility. 11 , 2195. Lara-Cabrera, M. L., Betancort, M., Muñoz-Rubilar, C. A., Rodríguez Novo, N., De las Cuevas, C. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2021). The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and mental health. 18 (18), 9762. Lin, M., Wolke, D., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. J. F. i. p. (2020). Bullying history and mental health in university students: the mediator roles of social support, personal resilience, and self-efficacy. 10 , 960. Liu, Y., Hou, T., Gu, H., Wen, J., Shao, X., Xie, Y., Deng, W., & Dong, W. (2022). Resilience and anxiety among healthcare workers during the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant: a moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 13 , 804538. Mashatola, N. J. (2020). Conscientiousness, work-family-study conflict and general work stress amongst employed non-residential South African Military Academy students Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University]. Mattila, E., Peltokoski, J., Neva, M. H., Kaunonen, M., Helminen, M., & Parkkila, A.-K. J. A. o. M. (2021). COVID-19: anxiety among hospital staff and associated factors. 53 (1), 237-246. Molina, J. A. J. J. o. F., & Issues, E. (2021). The work – family conflict: Evidence from the recent decade and lines of future research. 42 , 4-10. Monti, L., Marconi, E., Bocci, M. G., Kotzalidis, G. D., Mazza, M., Galliani, C., Tranquilli, S., Vento, G., Conti, G., & Sani, G. (2023). COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit: Psychological implications and interventions, a systematic review. World Journal of Psychiatry , 13 (4), 191. Näswall, K., Malinen, S., Kuntz, J., & Hodliffe, M. J. J. o. M. P. (2019). Employee resilience: Development and validation of a measure. 34 (5), 353-367. Naveed, S., Lodhi, R. N., Mumtaz, M. U., & Mustafa, F. J. M. R. R. (2022). COVID fear and work-family conflict: a moderated mediated model of religiosity, COVID stress and social distancing. 45 (8), 1060-1078. Pappa, S., Barnett, J., Berges, I., Sakkas, N. J. I. J. o. E. R., & Health, P. (2021). Tired, worried and burned out, but still resilient: A cross-sectional study of mental health workers in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. 18 (9), 4457. Park, Y., & Sprung, J. M. (2013). Work – school conflict and health outcomes: Beneficial resources for working college students. Journal of occupational health psychology , 18 (4), 384.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Pu, J., Hou, H., Ma, R., & Sang, J. J. J. o. h. p. (2017). The effect of psychological capital between work – family conflict and job burnout in Chinese university teachers: Testing for mediation and moderation. 22 (14), 1799-1807. Ran, L., Wang, W., Ai, M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., Kuang, L. J. S. s., & medicine. (2020). Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. 262 , 113261. Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Sarkar, M., Curran, T. J. J. o. o., & psychology, o. (2015). Resilience training in the workplace from 2003 to 2014: A systematic review. 88 (3), 533-562. Scandurra, C., Bochicchio, V., Amodeo, A. L., Esposito, C., Valerio, P., Maldonato, N. M., Bacchini, D., Vitelli, R. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2018). Internalized transphobia, resilience, and mental health: Applying the Psychological Mediation Framework to Italian transgender individuals. 15 (3), 508. Schmuck, J., Hiebel, N., Kriegsmann-Rabe, M., Schneider, J., Matthias, J.-K., Erim, Y., Morawa, E., Jerg-Bretzke, L., Beschoner, P., Albus, C. J. I. J. o. E. R., & Health, P. (2022). Individual stress burden and mental health in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Moderating and mediating effects of resilience. 19 (11), 6545. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach . john wiley & sons. Serrão, C., Duarte, I., Castro, L., Teixeira, A. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2021). Burnout and depression in portuguese healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic — the mediating role of psychological resilience. 18 (2), 636. Shi, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Sun, Z., Dong, X., Sun, T., & Fan, L. J. B. o. (2018). Impact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: a cross- sectional study in China. 8 (4), e020461. Sommovigo, V., Bernuzzi, C., & Setti, I. J. J. o. N. M. (2022). Investigating the association between patient verbal aggression and emotional exhaustion among Italian health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. 30 (6), 1713-1723. Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers: an urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in Public Health , 9 , 679397. Stocchetti, N., Segre, G., Zanier, E. R., Zanetti, M., Campi, R., Scarpellini, F., Clavenna, A., Bonati, M. J. I. j. o. e. r., & health, p. (2021). Burnout in intensive care unit workers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a single center cross-sectional Italian study. 18 (11), 6102. Thomée, S., Dellve, L., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2010). Perceived connections between information and communication technology use and mental symptoms among young adults-a qualitative study. BMC Public Health , 10 , 1-14. Tian, F., Shu, Q., Cui, Q., Wang, L., Liu, C., & Wu, H. (2020). The mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between occupational stress and fatigue: a cross-sectional study among 1,104 Chinese physicians. Frontiers in Public Health , 8 , 12.
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Investigating the Impact of Work Study Conflict on Mental Health of Doctors: Mediated by Personal Resilience and Moderated by anxiety Ungar, M., & Theron, L. J. T. L. P. (2020). Resilience and mental health: How multisystemic processes contribute to positive outcomes. 7 (5), 441-448. Wang, T., Cooklin, A., Strazdins, L., Zhao, Y., & Leach, L. (2023). What are the potential impacts of work- study conflict for adolescents’ mental health? Findings from a national Australian cohort study. Community, Work & Family , 1-18. Wang, Y., Chen, X., Gong, J., Yan, Y. J. S. u., & misuse. (2016). Relationships between stress, negative emotions, resilience, and smoking: Testing a moderated mediation model. 51 (4), 427-438. Wei, C., Ma, Y., Ye, J.-H., & Nong, L. (2022). First-year college students' mental health in the post-COVID-19 era in Guangxi, China: a study demands-resources model perspective. Frontiers in Public Health , 10 , 906788. Xu, M., Dust, S. B., & Liu, S. (2023). COVID-19 and the great resignation: The role of death anxiety, need for meaningful work, and task significance. Journal of Applied Psychology . Yıldırım, M., Arslan, G., Özaslan, A. J. I. J. o. M. H., & Addiction. (2020). Perceived risk and mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the mediating effects of resilience and coronavirus fear. 1-11. Yıldırım, M., & Solmaz, F. J. D. S. (2022). COVID -19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale. 46 (3), 524-532. Zhang, C., Ye, M., Fu, Y., Yang, M., Luo, F., Yuan, J., & Tao, Q. J. J. o. A. H. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teenagers in China. 67 (6), 747- 755. Zhao, N., Liu, B., & Wang, Y. (2022). Examining the Relationship between Death Anxiety and Well-Being of Frontline Medical Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 19 (20), 13430.
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