210413914750483_Assignment

Assessment Task 1a: Critical Review of the Literature Topic: Staff conflict, harassment and workplace performance in the health care services 1

Table of Contents a. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 b. The research question in PICO format and search terms ..................................................................................................................... 3 c. Summary table of the research articles retrieved and reviewed ........................................................................................................... 4 d. Critical review of the studies presented to highlight the main issues .................................................................................................. 8 e. Discussion on how these studies relate to the topic of enquiry and the relevance of the findings to practice ..................................... 9 f. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 References .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 2

c. Summary table of the research articles retrieved and reviewed Author Year Title Research Design Sample/Situa tion Major Findings Strength s Limitation s Chatziioannidis I, Bascialla FG, Chatzivalsama P , et al 2018 Prevalence, causes and mental health impact of workplace bullying in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit environment Exploratory 398 healthcare professionals Prevalence of bullying was high and the mental impact on employee was severe This is one of the seminal studies in global context which is aimed at examinin g workplac e bullying from the perspecti ve of a neonatal intensive care. The instrument used in the research does not offer adequate causal evidence of risk factors associated with the bullying of healthcare workers. Al Omar, M., Salam, M. & Al-Surimi, K. 2019 Workplace bullying and its impact on the quality of healthcare and patient safety Cross- sectional study 1074 healthcare professionals Majority of the healthcare professionals are concerned about workplace bullying as it has an unfavourable consequence on the care quality and safety of the patients. The study has been conducte d on a large number of responde There is an element of generaliza bility as the selected healthcare organizatio ns were 4

nts which makes the study credible. affiliated to a single institution that might lead to some bias. Draucker, C.B. 2019 Responses of Nurses and Other Healthcare Workers to Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Integrative review based on cross- sectional survey and qualitative analysis 15 participants consisting of nursing students, healthcare workers, medical students, qualified speech language pathologist, and audiologists, and faculty of chiropractic medicine The victims of sexual harassment in healthcare institutions experience a varied type of feelings such as shock, fear, and anger. Some of them also face negative psychological and physical damages. The study has been conducte d based on credible and authentic reports. The research has not considered a quality evaluation of for the inclusion and exclusion of the reports and thereby has methodolo gical limitations. Ramsay M. A. 2001 Conflict in the health care workplace Literature analysis NA The conflict within the healthcare establishments is a major cause of concern for the physicians and it affects the emotional intelligence and quality of service of the workers. There is credible informati on regardin g the disruptiv e The lack of primary data collection and analysis has been one of the 5

on. Idongesit I. Akpabio; Mildred E. John; Margaret I. Akpan; Felicia F. Akpabio; David A. Uyanah 2016 Work-related conflict and nurses’ role performance in a tertiary hospital in South-south Nigeria Exploratory and deductive research 242 nurses from different ranks Some of the key reasons behind workplace conflicts were poor reward systems and over-work. The study has consider ed some of the critical elements responsi ble behind creating workplac e conflicts and has thereby facilitate future research on this subject. The limitation of the study is that it did not consider the influence of work- related conflicts on the attainment of goals and objectives of the hospitals and the discussion regarding the best possible conflict manageme nt strategies is also limited. 7

d.Critical review of the studies presented to highlight the main issues The articles have revealed different findings and outcomes that are relevant to the research topic. From one of the articles, it was revealed that the mental health impact on the employees and healthcare staff along with the weaknesses was highly severe concerning workplace bullying. This also has resulted in female psychological distress of the bullied and non-bullied health workers. The researchers have observed that workplace support is one of the important aspects that can be considered essential in ensuring good mental health status among healthcare staff and employees [ CITATION Ili18 \l 1033 ]. Another study was conducted where it was observed that the majority of the health care practitioners are concerned about workplace bullying because of its negative impacts on the quality of care delivered by the healthcare workers and also on the safety of the patient. In this case, the researchers have identified the significance of proper training and facilitation of education so that the employees can counteract bullying incidents and the healthcare professionals can also handle the situations better [ CITATION Mun19 \l 1033 ]. A research was conducted on sexual harassment against the workers of healthcare organizations on the international platform. The analysis has revealed that the healthcare workers who encountered sexual harassment in the workplace experience aversive feelings that include shock, anger, and fear. Negative physical and psychological impacts along with negative employment-oriented consequences have been observed [ CITATION Cla19 \l 1033 ]. On the other hand, some researchers have analyzed the ways of preventing conflicts and violence in the workplace. They have focused on emotional intelligence as an important aspect in resolving different issues like workplace conflicts and problems. A leader should have emotional intelligence so that conflicts and violence in workplaces can be reduced and prevented. In healthcare organizations, the physicians are supposed to have emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills in managing controversies of violence, litigation, and conflict because these issues can have a devastating impact on employee morale and productivity, and patient care. It can also lead to a high rate of employee turnover [CITATION MIC01 \l 1033 ]. 8

ethical aspects associated with the profession and role of the healthcare workers should always be followed so that any situation of conflict can be handled with effectiveness before it becomes detrimental to the overall performance of the health care workers. 10

References Akpabio, I. I., John, M. E., Akpan, M. I., Akpabio, F. F., & Uyanah, D. A. (2016). Work-related conflict and nurses’ role performance in a teriary hospital in South-south Nigeria . Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 6(2) , 106-114. Chatziioannidis, I., Bascialla, F. G., Chatzivalsama, P., Vouzas, F., & Mitsiakos, G. (2018). Prevalence, causes and mental health impact of workplace bullying in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit environment . BMJ 8(2) , 1-9. Cullati, S., Bochatay, N., Maître, F., Laroche, T., Muller-Juge, V., Blondon, K. S., . . . Savoldelli, G. L. (2019). When Team Conflicts Threaten Quality of Care: A Study of Health Care Professionals' Experiences and Perceptions. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes 3(1) , 43-51. Draucker, C. B. (2019). Responses of Nurses and Other Healthcare Workers to Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 24(1) . Omar, M. A., Salam, M., & Al-Surimi, K. (2019). Workplace bullying and its impact on the quality of healthcare and patient safety. Human Resources for Health volume 17(89) . Ramsay, M. A. (2001). Conflict in the health care workplace. BUMC PROCEEDINGS 14 , 138–139. 11