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Read the article below in preparation for the questions that will follow. Don't respond at this point, wait for more instructions to follow. Social Justice Problem: Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States Analysis of the Oppression and Discrimination of the Hispanic/Latinx Population & How Oppression and Discrimination Impact the Population Due to the various forms and systems of oppression and prejudice at work, the Hispanic/Latinx community in the United States suffers unique difficulties in receiving mental health care. Language difficulties are primarily one of the biggest obstacles. Many Latinx people who struggle to convey their mental health requirements due to inadequate English proficiency are frequently misinterpreted or given the wrong diagnosis. This communication breakdown may postpone or prohibit prompt intervention and proper care, worsening mental health disorders (Escobedo, Cervantes, & Havranek, 2023). The stigma of mental health in the Latinx community prevents many people from seeking professional assistance. Traditional cultural norms, such as "familismo" (loyalty to family), may put pressure on people to put their families needs ahead of their own, making them reluctant to ask for help from others (Mental Health America, 2022). Additionally, worries about their legal status may prevent undocumented Latinx people from receiving medical care out of anxiety about their potential deportation or legal ramifications. Although the Latinx community is roughly as vulnerable to mental health conditions as the general U.S. population, only 10% of Latinx people with symptoms of a psychological disorder consult a doctor, and only 5% contact a mental health specialist, according to Mental Health America (2022). The need to address this social justice issue is increased by this gap, which raises the possibility that the great majority of impacted Latinx people are suffering untreated. The National Alliance on Mental Illness (2018) provides more evidence that Hispanic/Latinx groups significantly underuse mental health care compared to non-Hispanic whites. Ethical Considerations in Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population There are significant ethical ramifications to the Hispanic/Latinx community's difficulties in receiving mental health care in the United States. Several fundamental moral norms and principles apply to this social justice issue, and they are taken from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics (2021). Dignity and Worth of the Person: The Code emphasizes respecting each individual, considering their particular living circumstances, and encouraging autonomy (National Association of Social Workers, 2021). The intrinsic value and dignity of the Hispanic/Latinx population are undermined when access to mental health care is denied or restricted due to linguistic or cultural difficulties. Social Diversity and Cultural Competence: Social workers are ethically obligated to respect and be aware of their clients' cultural origins and histories (National Association of Social Workers, 2021). When Hispanic/Latinx people encounter cultural obstacles to receiving mental health care, it indicates a lack of culturally competent care. Social Justice: The NASW Code requires social workers to address social injustices, mainly when they affect marginalized or oppressed groups. This concept is broken by not providing the Hispanic/Latinx community with fair access to mental health treatment (Florida State University, 2020). Enacted Policies Addressing Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population The Hispanic/Latinx population is directly impacted by several laws passed in recent years to address inequities and problems with mental health treatment in the U.S. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA): The MHPAEA is one of the most critical pieces of legislation in the mental health field. This federal regulation, which came into effect in 2008, guarantees that health insurance policies cover mental health and drug use issues at levels comparable to the coverage for medical or surgical treatments (The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, 2023). In other words, insurers cannot impose more stringent restrictions on mental health benefits than other medical uses. While this parity is advantageous for all groups, it is essential for disadvantaged communities like

Hispanic/Latinx since they frequently experience hurdles to receiving mental health care. The MHPAEA aims to remove one of the cost obstacles to care access by requiring similar coverage (Friedman, Azocar, Xu, & Ettner, 2018). Affordable Care Act (ACA): The ACA contains provisions facilitating access to mental health care, even though it covers a broader spectrum of health conditions. According to an issue brief from October 2021, the ACA considerably enhanced Latinos' access to healthcare, with a gain of 11.4 percent in insured Latino adults from 2013 to 2019. (October 2021 ISSUE BRIEF 1 h, 2021). Due to this extended coverage, many members of the Hispanic/Latinx community will now have improved access to mental health care services. The Essential Aspects of Parity: This training resource, which will be made available to policymakers in 2023, intends to provide them with an understanding of the fundamental aspects of parity. It goes into the MHPAEA's complexities and assists in identifying potential obstacles and implementation gaps, highlighting the necessity of ensuring full access to mental health treatment for all populations (The Essential Aspects of Parity, 2023). Effectiveness of Policies Addressing Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) sought to establish insurance coverage parity, although specific research indicates that obstacles still exist. A population-based study by Coombs et al. (2021) found that despite governmental initiatives, persons with mental health issues still face considerable hurdles to healthcare access. This emphasizes the need for improved policies and more thorough implementation techniques. Affordable Care Act (ACA): As was already established, the ACA has increased Latinos' access to health insurance. Although Kim et al. (2023) noted considerable improvements in the usage of mental health services, they also looked more closely at its effect on racial and ethnic disparities in California. The gaps between Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites in obtaining mental health care diminished but did not entirely disappear, even as the usage of these services rose among all racial and ethnic groups. This shows that the ACA has advanced but that more work must be done to solve the problem adequately. Latino Health Landscape: The Kaiser Family Foundation research by Hill et al. (2022) confirms racial and ethnic differences in access to care and health outcomes. Despite improvements in insurance coverage, Hispanic/Latinx people continue to have less access to care and worse health outcomes than non-Hispanic white people. Impact of Policies on the Hispanic/Latinx Population and Policy Constraints The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA), in particular, were created to enhance access to mental health care for all Americans, including the Hispanic/Latinx population. However, evaluating their real-world effects reveals both advancements and ongoing difficulties. Positive Impacts Enhanced Coverage: The ACA significantly boosted the proportion of Hispanic/Latinx persons with health insurance, enabling more accessible access to resources for mental health care (Kim et al., 2023). Parity in Coverage: The MHPAEA removed financial obstacles to care for the Hispanic/Latinx population by ensuring that mental health and drug use problems get equivalent coverage to medical or surgical treatments (Friedman et al., 2018). Policy Constraints Language Barriers: The language barrier is one of the main obstacles to fully utilizing mental health treatments. English language proficiency significantly impacts immigrant populations' access to and results from medical treatment, according to Pandey et al. (2021). Due to their inadequate English ability, the Hispanic/Latinx community, especially first-generation immigrants, sometimes encounters difficulties utilizing the healthcare system. Miteva et al. (2022), who underlined that language proficiency directly influences the usage of mental health services, treatment, and results, reiterated this opinion. Cultural stigmas may prevent Hispanic/Latinx community members from obtaining mental health treatment (Pineros- Leano et al., 2022). Overwhelmed Systems During Crises: The COVID-19 epidemic highlighted the flaws in the healthcare system. According to Pineros-Leano et al. (2022), the pandemic increased mental health inequities in Latinx immigrant populations,

suggesting that present policies may not be strong enough to address emergency problems. Lack of Culturally Competent Care: Squires (2018) highlighted the significance of culturally competent care while pointing out the need for solutions to overcome language obstacles. Policies may make access possible, but without culturally appropriate interventions, the efficacy and quality of care may suffer. Comparison of Advocacy Methods for Mental Health Access in the Hispanic/Latinx Community The Hispanic/Latinx population in the United States is advocated for using a variety of tactics, each having unique advantages and disadvantages. Grassroots Mental Health Advocacy through Social Media: Smith-Frigerio (2020) emphasizes the importance of grassroots groups using social media to further their interests. Strengths: These commercials frequently use personal storylines that have a strong emotional impact on people, making their messages relevant and impactful. They also use social media platforms' broad reach and quick response times. Challenges: However, social media's fragmented structure can occasionally muddle the message, and there is a chance that digital divisions will exclude particular demographic groups. Steps to Address Challenges: Improving communication amongst grassroots organizations may help unify messaging. Additionally, combining physical and internet marketing tactics might guarantee greater reach. Addressing Stigma in Health Facilities: Nyblade et al. (2019) highlight the pervasive issue of stigma in healthcare settings. Strengths: Programs that teach cultural competency to healthcare professionals can dramatically lessen institutionalized prejudices. Challenges: Systemic problems and deeply ingrained prejudices may be tough to alter. Steps to Address Challenges: Periodic reviews of healthcare facilities for inclusion can be helpful and ongoing education, particularly in medical training programs. Community Health Programs: Gonzalez-Guarda, Felsman, and Solorzano (2022) talk about models that support local and global health equality, mainly designed for the Latinx community. Strengths: These initiatives frequently incorporate cultural subtleties, which increases their outreach effectiveness. Challenges: Scalability and sustainability, however, can pose problems. Steps to Address Challenges: Partnerships with local authorities and NGOs can guarantee long-term survival. Interventions in Education: DeFreitas et al. (2018) strongly emphasize programs for young adults, especially in college settings. Strengths: These treatments can shape views about mental health early on, maybe leading to lifetime good attitudes. Challenges: Standardized treatments might be complex due to the transitory nature of college students and the variety of backgrounds. Steps to Address Challenges: Programs that involve student collaboration and iterative designs motivated by feedback can improve efficacy. ChatGPT Got it. I have read the article. Please proceed with your questions or instructions. Assignment Description (THE ASSIGNMENT SHOULD BE NON-PLAGIARIZED i.e. the similarity index on Turnitin should be 0%) Government policy impacts social justice problems. Some policies may create social justice problems just as they attempt to correct them. To successfully address social justice problems, social workers must have the knowledge and skills to locate, access, analyze, and interpret public policy. Based on your analysis of the social justice problem assignment, select a current enacted policy (Affordable Care Act (ACA)) that is currently a law to analyze using relevant local, state, or federal policy resources. It must also address the social justice problem (Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States). This will be the policy you analyze for this assignment. Be sure to incorporate constructs that have been covered in this course into your analysis. By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following CSWE EPAS

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competencies and general practices: • CSWE EPAS Competency 5: Engage in policy practice. o C5.GP.A: Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, service delivery, and access to social service.  Related assignment criteria: 1. Describe the purpose of a currently enacted policy that addresses the social justice problem for a chosen population, using scholarly literature for support. 2. Describe how the policy connects to the chosen social justice problem, using scholarly literature for support. 3. Describe the historical issues and context that led to the creation of the social problem and policy development, including details about voting outcomes and legislative leaders, using scholarly literature for support. • CSWE EPAS Competency 5: Engage in policy practice. o C5.GP.B: Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to social services  Related assignment criteria: 1. Describe the programs and services provided through the policy, using scholarly literature for support. 2. Describe the impact of the historical influences on the implementation of the policy, using scholarly literature for support. Assignment Instructions To complete this assignment, select a local, state, or federal policy (Affordable Care Act (ACA)) that targets the social justice problem (Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States). Then, complete the following: • Describe the purpose of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Remember, this policy must be enacted-in other words, it must be passed legislation. (300 words, in paragraph form) (Include in-text citations where applicable) Refer to: Affordable Care Act | Health Affairs. (2023). Www.healthaffairs.org. https://www.healthaffairs.org/topic/4#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20the%20ACA U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2022, March 17). About the Affordable Care Act. HHS.gov. https://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/about-the-aca/index.html ChatGPT The Purpose of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) The Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly referred to as Obamacare, was signed into law in 2010 with the primary objective of reforming the American health care system. One of the most pressing reasons for its inception was to increase the number of Americans with health insurance and to improve the quality and efficiency of health care (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2022). Prior to its establishment, millions of Americans were without health insurance, with many being denied coverage because of pre-existing conditions. The ACA aimed to reduce the cost of health care for individuals and the government. This was to be achieved through mechanisms such as the establishment of health insurance marketplaces, expansion of Medicaid to cover all adults in many states, and allowing young adults to stay on their parents' insurance plans until age 26 (Health Affairs, 2023). Moreover, insurance companies were prohibited from denying coverage or charging higher premiums based on pre-existing conditions. Preventative care services were also mandated to be offered without any out-of-pocket charges, emphasizing the shift from a reactive to a preventive approach in health care. Furthermore, the ACA aimed to shift the focus of the health care system from quantity to quality. With provisions that sought to reduce hospital readmissions and the establishment of Accountable Care Organizations, the ACA strived for a model where providers would be rewarded for the quality of care they provided, rather than the quantity of procedures performed (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2022).

In connection to the social justice problem highlighted earlier, the ACA played a crucial role in enhancing access to mental health care services. The law mandated that most health plans cover mental health and substance use disorder services, a landmark step in ensuring that these crucial services were accessible to many who previously couldn't afford them. This had a pronounced impact on marginalized communities, such as the Hispanic/Latinx population, who faced notable barriers in accessing mental health care. In summary, the Affordable Care Act was a comprehensive effort aimed at overhauling the U.S. health care system to make it more accessible, affordable, and efficient for all Americans, with a particular emphasis on ensuring equitable access to essential services across diverse populations. References :  Affordable Care Act | Health Affairs. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/topic/4  U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2022, March 17). About the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/about-the- aca/index.html • Describe the programs and services (Health Insurance Marketplaces, Medical Expansion, Preventive Services) provided through the Affordable Care Act (ACA), using scholarly literature for support. What are examples of the programs and services being offered as a result of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)? Who is the target population for these programs and services? (300 words, in paragraph form) (Include in-text citations where applicable) Refer to: Anderson, D. M., & Griffith, K. N. (2021). Increasing Insurance Choices In The Affordable Care Act Marketplaces, 2018–21. Health Affairs, 40(11), 1706–1712. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02058 Adamson, B. J., Cohen, A. B., Estevez, M., Magee, K., Williams, E., Gross, C. P., ... & Davidoff, A. J. (2019). Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion impact on racial disparities in time to cancer treatment. KFF. (2022, February 24). Status of state Medicaid expansion decisions: Interactive map. KFF. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state- medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/#:~:text=The%20Affordable%20Care %20Act Kaiser Family Foundation. (2022, October 26). Preventive Services Covered by Private Health Plans under the Affordable Care Act. KFF. https://www.kff.org/womens- health-policy/fact-sheet/preventive-services-covered-by-private-health-plans/ ChatGPT Programs and Services Provided Through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) The Affordable Care Act (ACA) brought about significant reforms in the U.S. healthcare system, aiming to increase coverage and access while decreasing overall healthcare costs. Several programs and services were introduced under the ACA to further these objectives: 1. Health Insurance Marketplaces: These are platforms, either state-run or facilitated by the federal government, where individuals, families, and small businesses can compare and purchase private health insurance. According to Anderson and Griffith (2021), the marketplaces were established to foster competition among insurance providers, thereby providing consumers with a

variety of choices in terms of coverage and cost. Between 2018 and 2021, the variety of insurance choices in the ACA marketplaces notably increased, underscoring the ACA's success in expanding health insurance options. 2. Medicaid Expansion: One of the critical provisions of the ACA was the expansion of Medicaid. This program initially targeted low-income individuals and families, but the ACA aimed to broaden its reach to cover all adults with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. However, this expansion was optional for states, leading to a patchwork of coverage across the country. As of 2022, the majority of states have adopted the expansion, which has significantly reduced the number of uninsured individuals, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups. A study by Adamson et al. (2019) demonstrated that the ACA's Medicaid expansion led to a noticeable reduction in racial disparities in time to cancer treatment. 3. Preventive Services: The ACA introduced a mandate for private health plans to cover a range of preventive services without imposing any cost-sharing (like copayments or deductibles) on the beneficiaries. These services encompass various screenings, immunizations, and other preventive interventions that have proven effective in detecting and managing potential health issues at an early stage. As highlighted by the Kaiser Family Foundation (2022), examples of these services include blood pressure screening, diabetes screening for high-risk adults, and various cancer screenings. The goal behind this provision was to promote early detection and intervention, ultimately leading to better health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. The target population for these services and programs is vast, encompassing low- income adults, individuals without employer-sponsored insurance, and those with pre- existing conditions who might have been denied coverage in the past. The ACA's overarching aim was to bridge the coverage gap, ensuring that more Americans, irrespective of their socio-economic status or health condition, had access to quality healthcare. References :  Anderson, D. M., & Griffith, K. N. (2021). Increasing Insurance Choices In The Affordable Care Act Marketplaces, 2018–21. Health Affairs, 40 (11), 1706–1712.  Adamson, B. J., et al. (2019). Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion impact on racial disparities in time to cancer treatment.  KFF. (2022, February 24). Status of state Medicaid expansion decisions: Interactive map. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status- of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/  Kaiser Family Foundation. (2022, October 26). Preventive Services Covered by Private Health Plans under the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/preventive-services- covered-by-private-health-plans/ • Describe how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) connects to the chosen social justice problem (Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States), using scholarly literature for support. Connect the Affordable Care Act (ACA) to the social justice problem (Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States) by giving a brief description of the problem. Is it a new

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problem, something that has recently arisen, or an old problem that never got resolved? (300 words, in paragraph form) (Include in-text citations where applicable) Refer to: Kim, L. H., Hodgkin, D., Larson, M. J., & Doonan, M. (2023). Changes in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Mental Health Services under the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from California. The journal of mental health policy and economics, 26(1), 19-32. Rosales, R., & Calvo, R. (2021). The Affordable Care Act: policy predictors of integrated care between Hispanic-serving and mainstream mental health organizations. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-9. ChatGPT The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population The challenge of accessing mental health care has been a longstanding issue in the United States, especially among marginalized communities such as the Hispanic/Latinx population. Historical disparities in this domain are a result of various factors, including economic barriers, stigmatization, cultural misunderstandings, and lack of insurance coverage. The Hispanic/Latinx community, in particular, has encountered notable barriers, with many members not having the necessary health insurance coverage or facing cultural and linguistic challenges in the healthcare system. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to address these gaps and inequities in healthcare, including in the realm of mental health services. Specifically, the ACA expanded insurance coverage, which in turn enhanced access to mental health services for numerous previously uninsured or underinsured individuals (Kim, Hodgkin, Larson, & Doonan, 2023). This expansion holds significance for the Hispanic/Latinx community, given their historically lower rates of insurance coverage compared to other demographic groups. A study by Kim et al. (2023) in California, a state with a substantial Hispanic/Latinx population, discovered notable reductions in racial and ethnic disparities in the use of mental health services after the ACA's implementation. While disparities persist, the gap has narrowed, suggesting that policy interventions can be effective in mitigating long- standing inequities. Furthermore, Rosales and Calvo (2021) explored the ACA's impact on the integration of care between Hispanic-serving mental health organizations and mainstream ones. Their findings revealed that the ACA has played a role in promoting better collaboration and integrated care practices. This integration is vital for the Hispanic/Latinx community, ensuring that care is both culturally sensitive and of high quality. In conclusion, while the challenge of ensuring access to mental health care for the Hispanic/Latinx community is not a new one, the ACA has made significant strides in addressing this social justice problem. However, as research indicates, while improvements are evident, more efforts are required to fully eradicate the disparities. References :  Kim, L. H., Hodgkin, D., Larson, M. J., & Doonan, M. (2023). Changes in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Mental Health Services under the Affordable Care Act:

Evidence from California. The journal of mental health policy and economics, 26 (1), 19-32.  Rosales, R., & Calvo, R. (2021). The Affordable Care Act: policy predictors of integrated care between Hispanic-serving and mainstream mental health organizations. BMC Health Services Research, 21 , 1-9. • Describe the historical issues and context that led to the creation of the social problem (Access to Mental Health Care for the Hispanic/Latinx Population in the United States) and policy (Affordable Care Act (ACA)) development. Include information about the voting outcomes for the policy and the legislative leaders who influenced the policy historically and in the present. Include the impact these historical features have had on the policy's implementation. (300 words, in paragraph form) (Include in-text citations where applicable) Refer to: Aleman, M. (2022). Mental Health Barriers to Access in the Latinx Community: A Systematic Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, California State University San Marcos). Ercia, A. (2021). The impact of the Affordable Care Act on patient coverage and access to care: perspectives from FQHC administrators in Arizona, California and Texas. BMC health services research, 21, 1-9. Breslau, J., Han, B., Lai, J., & Yu, H. (2020). Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on utilization of mental health care. Medical Care, 58(9), 757-762. Rosales, R., Takeuchi, D., & Calvo, R. (2021). After the Affordable Care Act: the effects of the health safety net and the medicaid expansion on latinxs' use of behavioral healthcare in the US. The journal of behavioral health services & research, 48, 183-198. Shor, B. (2018). Ideology, party, and opinion: Explaining individual legislator ACA implementation votes in the states. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 18(4), 371-394. Mariner, W. (2020, September 8). The Affordable Care Act: Up for a Final Vote? Www.americanbar.org. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/he alth-matters-in-elections/the-affordable-care-act/ Reynolds, M. E., & Hall, R. L. (2018). Issue advertising and legislative voting on the affordable care act. Political Research Quarterly, 71(1), 102-114. Oberlander, J. (2020). The Ten Years’ War: Politics, Partisanship, And The ACA: An exploration of why the Affordable Care Act has been so divisive despite the law’s considerable accomplishments. Health Affairs, 39(3), 471- 478.. ChatGPT Historical Issues, Context, and Development of the ACA in Addressing Mental Health Care Access for the Hispanic/Latinx Population Access to mental health care for the Hispanic/Latinx population in the U.S. has a complex history marked by disparities stemming from factors such as socio-economic status, cultural differences, language barriers, and limited insurance coverage. Historically, members of the Hispanic/Latinx community faced challenges in accessing quality mental health care, often due to lack of information, stigma, and limited availability of culturally competent services (Aleman, 2022). In the broader health care context, before the ACA's enactment, millions of Americans, including a significant proportion of the Hispanic/Latinx population, were without health insurance. The ACA emerged as a response to these widespread disparities, aiming to expand coverage, enhance quality, and decrease costs. Legislative leaders, primarily Democrats, were key proponents, although the policy faced stark partisan division (Shor, 2018; Oberlander, 2020).

The ACA was passed after contentious debates and close voting outcomes, with significant influence from individual legislators and the advertising efforts of various groups (Reynolds & Hall, 2018). The American Bar Association's account highlights how the ACA faced numerous challenges, from judicial scrutiny to repeated repeal attempts (Mariner, 2020). Post-implementation, research shows positive impacts of the ACA on the Hispanic/Latinx community's mental health care access. Ercia (2021) found enhanced patient coverage and care access in states like California and Texas, areas with significant Hispanic/Latinx populations. Further, Breslau et al. (2020) reported increased utilization of mental health services following the ACA's Medicaid expansion. Similarly, Rosales, Takeuchi, and Calvo (2021) identified that the ACA's provisions improved Latinxs' utilization of behavioral health care services. However, the historical partisan divide surrounding the ACA has impacted its implementation, with some states declining Medicaid expansion or seeking to weaken ACA provisions (Oberlander, 2020). These political undercurrents have influenced the policy's reach and, in some cases, limited its full potential benefits for marginalized populations, including the Hispanic/Latinx community. References :  Aleman, M. (2022). Mental Health Barriers to Access in the Latinx Community: A Systematic Literature Review (Doctoral dissertation, California State University San Marcos).  Ercia, A. (2021). The impact of the Affordable Care Act on patient coverage and access to care: perspectives from FQHC administrators in Arizona, California and Texas. BMC health services research, 21, 1-9.  Breslau, J., Han, B., Lai, J., & Yu, H. (2020). Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on utilization of mental health care. Medical Care, 58(9), 757- 762.  Rosales, R., Takeuchi, D., & Calvo, R. (2021). After the Affordable Care Act: the effects of the health safety net and the medicaid expansion on latinxs' use of behavioral healthcare in the US. The journal of behavioral health services & research, 48, 183-198.  Shor, B. (2018). Ideology, party, and opinion: Explaining individual legislator ACA implementation votes in the states. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 18(4), 371- 394.  Mariner, W. (2020, September 8). The Affordable Care Act: Up for a Final Vote? Www.americanbar.org .  Reynolds, M. E., & Hall, R. L. (2018). Issue advertising and legislative voting on the affordable care act. Political Research Quarterly, 71(1), 102-114.  Oberlander, J. (2020). The Ten Years’ War: Politics, Partisanship, And The ACA. Health Affairs, 39(3), 471-478.

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