mental health (1)

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1 Mental Health Students Name Instructor Course Date

2 Mental Health. Mental health has emerged as a significant issue in contemporary society. It portrays an individual's complete mental well-being, which incorporates their capacity to work socially, inwardly, and intellectually. Gentle instances of misery or nervousness can advance to severe and crippling diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar confusion, and behavioral conditions. Individuals of any age, race, and financial situation with impacted by psychological wellness hardships, which can fundamentally harm somebody's satisfaction. Mental health issues are frequently characterized by recurring melancholy or worry, behavioral changes, attention issues, altered sleeping or eating patterns, and other symptoms. Several factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental circumstances, traumatic events, and life events, may impact how mental health issues develop, even though the precise causes of mental health issues are not completely understood (Boyce et al, 2020). Additionally, people frequently avoid seeking treatment or assistance due to the stigma associated with mental health issues, which exacerbates symptoms and creates new issues. Because of a growing awareness of their prevalence and effects on individuals and communities, mental health issues have received more attention in recent years. Different strategies and projects have been set up by state-run administrations, associations, and medical care experts to bring issues to light of psychological well-being concerns and proposition help to people impacted by them. Background and overview Throughout history, mental health disorders have been recognized as a significant concern, and diverse societies have devised distinct approaches to managing them. The Chinese employed acupuncture and herbal remedies to address mental illness, while the ancient Greeks

3 posited that an imbalance of the four touches of humor was responsible for mental disorders. However, modern psychiatry did not develop until the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when centers for treating mental health problems arose. Early in the 20th century, psychoanalysis and pharmacological treatments like antipsychotics and antidepressants were developed, and mental health care evolved toward a more biological approach. The relevance of social and environmental elements in the onset and treatment of mental health difficulties has been recognized as mental health therapy continues to advance. Mental health issues include numerous illnesses that impact a person's emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. They can include mood disorders like bipolar disorder and depression, anxiety disorders like panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and psychotic illnesses like schizophrenia. In the United States, mental illness is remarkably common. By 2021, it is predicted that 57.8 million adults in the US would experience a mental health issue (Saltzman et al, 2021). Maladaptive behaviors cover a wide spectrum of problems with intensity ranging from mild to severe. A person's quality of life can be significantly impacted by mental health problems, limiting their capacity for employment, social interaction, and participation in daily activities. In addition, difficulties with mental health can affect physical health, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic disorders. Although their specific origins are not entirely understood, a mix of genetic, environmental, and behavioral variables might influence the development of mental health difficulties. Medication, counseling, lifestyle modifications, regular exercise, and a good diet are all possible treatments for mental health conditions. Mental health concerns continue to be a major concern despite the availability of effective therapies, with many individuals not receiving the proper care due to stigma, lack of resources, and insufficient funding for mental health services. Consequently, there is a persistent

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4 emphasis among public health officials and healthcare practitioners on the significance of increasing awareness regarding mental health concerns and guaranteeing individuals' access to requisite treatment and support. Mental health issue in Oklahoma. People of all ages, genders, races, and backgrounds who live in Oklahoma are disproportionately affected by mental health disorders. About 20% of adults in the United States experience mental illness within 12 months, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) (Canady, 2020). Within the allotted time frame, a little less than a third of Oklahomans reported experiencing signs and symptoms of depression, while a third reported experiencing signs and symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety and depression are prevalent at rates of 27% and 22%, respectively, based on national averages. Mental disorders can exhibit a spectrum of severity, affecting an individual's cognitive processes, affective states, conduct, and general performance. The prevalence of mental illness among residents of Oklahoma is a significant concern, indicating a pressing issue with mental health in the state. The state has encountered challenges about restricted resources for mental health care, insufficiency of mental health practitioners, and inadequate availability of treatment and services for individuals requiring assistance. Prevalence rates. According to research conducted by the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Oklahoma, has consistently ranked among the top ten states in the United States with the highest rates of mental illness (Reinert et al, 2022). As per the 2021 report published by Mental Health America, Oklahoma was positioned at the 42nd rank in the comprehensive mental health status. The above state demonstrated a greater prevalence of mental illness and decreased access to healthcare

5 services compared to other states. As per data furnished by the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS), it was determined that in 2020, approximately 17% of the populace in Oklahoma necessitated mental health services. The predominant mental health disorders recorded in the area consist of depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders. The topic of concern is the accessibility of healthcare services. Oklahoma is confronted with considerable obstacles in furnishing access to care for individuals in need, despite the elevated incidence of mental illness within the state. As per the Kaiser Family Foundation findings, Oklahoma's mental health professional per capita ratio is ranked 49th in the United States, with a mere 75 providers per 100,000 individuals. The insufficiency of mental health care providers is notably acute in the state's rural regions, where the availability of such services is frequently restricted. Moreover, the state has encountered difficulties providing sufficient funding and support for mental health services; as per the 2020 report published by Mental Health America, Oklahoma's mental health workforce availability is ranked at the 50th position in the United States, while its access to care is ranked at the 48th position. In recent years, the state has experienced noteworthy reductions in its budget, leading to the decreased allocation of funds toward mental health services. Efforts to Improve Mental Health in Oklahoma: Despite the difficulties that the mental health system in Oklahoma faces, efforts are being made to make it easier for people who need such services to get care and support. Several government initiatives have addressed the shortage of mental health professionals in recent years. The previously mentioned measures envelop drives toward working with the

6 reimbursement of credits and offering motivation to medical care suppliers to deliver their administrations in locales lacking emotional wellness assets. To make healthcare more accessible, the state has launched several initiatives. The Oklahoma Mental Health Association's Helpline is one such initiative that provides 24/7 support and resources to people who need help with their mental health. Also, the state has extended telehealth administrations for mental medical services, working on care availability in topographically disengaged regions. The "Mental Health and Substance Abuse System Improvement Plan" was launched in 2020 by the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS). The plan aims to improve the overall quality and accessibility of mental health services throughout the state. The proposal outlines several strategies to expand the mental health workforce, increase the financial resources allocated to mental health services, and make mental health care more accessible in geographically remote areas. In conclusion, the state of Oklahoma faces a significant obstacle when it comes to addressing issues related to mental health because of the state's limited access to needed treatment and the high prevalence of these issues. In national evaluations of mental healthcare, the state has consistently received subpar rankings due to the difficulty of providing adequate mental health services in rural areas. Various measures are being taken to tackle these obstacles, such as augmenting the mental health workforce, broadening the reach of care, and enhancing the funding for mental health services. The endeavors mentioned above are crucial in guaranteeing that individuals residing in Oklahoma obtain the necessary assistance and resources to cope effectively with their mental health and attain a gratifying existence. Mental health disparities pertain to the uneven allocation of mental health resources, treatment accessibility, and results among diverse individuals, contingent on their socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and other related

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7 determinants. The prevalence of mental health disparities is widespread and has the potential to adversely affect the mental and physical health, overall well-being, and quality of life of individuals. Ameliorating mental health disparities necessitates a comprehensive strategy considering individual and systemic determinants. Strategy 1: Provide Culturally-Responsive Mental Health Services The American Psychological Association (APA) asserts that offering culturally-sensitive mental health services to tackle mental health inequalities is imperative (Bauer et al, 2022). Mental health services that are culturally responsive are designed to consider the cultural beliefs, practices, and values of the individuals who are seeking such services. The process entails establishing a secure, hospitable, and impartial setting for individuals to solicit assistance. Empirical evidence suggests that providing culturally-responsive mental health services can enhance mental health outcomes for individuals from varied cultural backgrounds (Kirmayer and Jarvis, 2019). A scholarly article published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology has reported that culturally-tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy has demonstrated greater efficacy in mitigating depressive symptoms in African American adults than conventional cognitive- behavioral therapy. To deliver mental health services that are culturally responsive, mental health providers need to undergo cultural competence training. The training on cultural competence instructs mental health professionals on the appropriate ways to interact with individuals from various cultural backgrounds. Mental health providers must continuously self-reflect to scrutinize their biases and assumptions. Strategy 2: Increase Access to Mental Health Services

8 The Public Partnership on Dysfunctional Behavior (NAMI) attests that growing admittance to psychological wellness administrations is fundamental to addressing psychological well-being differences (Downey and Myers-Greco, 2023) . The absence of medical coverage, dysfunctional behavior, disgrace, and transportation make it challenging for many individuals from various foundations to get psychological wellness administrations. According to research, increased access to mental health services has improved mental health outcomes for individuals from various backgrounds (Byrow et al, 2020). For instance, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that receiving mental health services in primary care settings improved outcomes for low-income African American and Latino patients with depression. To broaden access to mental health services, policymakers should prioritize policies that remove barriers to service. Mental health providers should also provide telehealth services to make mental health care more readily available to people residing in rural or underserved areas. Strategy 3: Address Social Determinants of Mental Health The conditions in which people live, work and play affect their health outcomes, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Social determinants of well-being incorporate factors like poverty, prejudice, and separation. Addressing social determinants of health can improve mental health outcomes for people from a variety of backgrounds, according to research (Dobson et al, 2022). For instance, a study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that people with low incomes had better mental health outcomes when poverty was reduced, and access to affordable housing was increased. To address social determinants of emotional well-being, policymakers should implement strategies that decrease destitution, increment admittance to reasonable lodging, and advance social value (Zhang, et al,

9 2021). Emotional wellness suppliers ought to likewise coordinate social determinants of well- being into their treatment plans and work with local area associations to address social determinants of psychological well-being. The imperative of rectifying mental health disparities is paramount in establishing an equitable and impartial society as discussed in the strategies above. Collaboration between mental health professionals and policymakers is essential for successfully implementing strategies to mitigate mental health disparities and foster mental health equity. In conclusion, the meaning of emotional well-being couldn't possibly be more significant as it unavoidably affects all parts of a singular's life. In the United States, the stigma associated with mental illness can foster hostile attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward mental health sufferers. Affected individuals may be reluctant to seek treatment as a result. Mental health must be prioritized if holistic health and well-being are to be promoted. Improvements can be made by eliminating cultural barriers to mental health care, reducing the stigma associated with mental illness in society, expanding access to mental health services, and improving mental health outcomes for all people.

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10 References Canady, V. A. (2020). NAMI brief highlights important protections, benefits of ACA. Mental Health Weekly, 30(44), 7-8. Boyce, W. T., Sokolowski, M. B., & Robinson, G. E. (2020). Genes and environments, development and time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(38), 23235-23241. Bauer, A. G., Pean, K., Lalwani, T., Julien, L., & Shevorykin, A. (2022). Community needs and recommendations for multilevel mental health interventions among young Black men with previous trauma exposure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 90(10), 760. Byrow, Y., Pajak, R., Specker, P., & Nickerson, A. (2020). Perceptions of mental health and perceived barriers to mental health help-seeking amongst refugees: A systematic review. Clinical psychology review, 75, 101812. Downey, J., & Myers-Greco, J. (2023). Trauma Sensitive Schools: A Comprehensive Guide for the Assessment Planning and Implementation of Trauma Informed Frameworks. Children and Youth Services Review, 106930. Dobson, R., Rice, D. R., D’hooghe, M., Horne, R., Learmonth, Y., Mateen, F. J., ... & Ford, H. L. (2022). Social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Neurology, 1- 12. Kirmayer, L. J., & Jarvis, G. E. (2019). Culturally responsive services as a path to equity in mental healthcare. HealthcarePapers, 18(2), 11-23.

11 Reinert, M., Fritze, D., & Nguyen, T. (2021). The state of mental health in America 2022. Saltzman, L. Y., Lesen, A. E., Henry, V., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2021). COVID-19 mental health disparities. Health security, 19(S1), S-5. Zhang, Z., Shu, H., Yi, H., & Wang, X. (2021). Household multidimensional energy poverty and its impacts on physical and mental health. Energy Policy, 156, 112381.

mental health (1)

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