3043230_mindfulness_for_depression (1)

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1 Mindfulness for Depression Your Name Here Antioch University Santa Barbara Course Name & Number Instructor Due Date

2 Mindfulness for Depression Introduction Depression causes many comorbid diseases, which if not addressed may further affect the health of the mental health population. Cao and colleagues (2020) indicate that cardiovascular diseases and substance abuse are consequences of depression. Weinberger et al. (2018) indicate that depression further increases the risks of mortality and disability and is an overall facilitating factor in suicide. There are currently various pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for depression management, but there is a need to create more suitable interventions. This paper aims to create an overview of the Stetler EBP model and mindfulness as a therapy for managing depression among the adult population. Description Of The Model The Stetler model was developed as a fundamental enabler of integrating evidence- informed practice and research into clinical practice. This model was developed and first utilized by Stetler and Marram in 1976 (Rentala, 2018). Primarily, the central elements in this model guided the implementation of actions in the healthcare practice using research findings from previous studies. This way, its application can be practical for both the organization and the individual medical practitioner. Using the available research findings and material, the model provides supplemental guidance for its application to the respective clinical practice. Therefore, the model provides an effective environment for implementing evidence-based research findings into the practice setting with enhanced efficiency. Purpose Of The Model Evidence-based practice is of increasing importance to nursing and the general healthcare service. It is necessary to understand that considerable research has been conducted to facilitate

3 improved functioning and efficiency of healthcare services. This way, the Stetler model provides the foundation for implementing such actions in the clinical setting. Christenbery and colleagues (2021) indicate that practitioners may find the Stetler model useful in applying research and other evidence into clinical practice. This indicates that the model is necessary to establish the foundation of evidence-based practice in the clinical setting. In this case, while it may be difficult to implement the evidence obtained from research into the clinical setting without an appropriate foundational EBP model, the Stetler model enhances the assessment of its effectiveness and where it may be most applicable. Classification Of The Model The Stetler model enhances the utilization of previous research findings in clinical practice. Its use may be necessitated in enhancing practical organizational function and increasing the efficiency of service delivery by medical personnel. In this case, the model can be used in individual contexts due to its efficacy in delivering the optimum implementational foundation for research. In the personal use context, the model can provide sufficient guidelines to the practitioner on how the evidence-based research findings may be implemented in the care setting. The reason it may be most useful for individual use is further detailed in its assumptions. It is most effective when there is minimal internal and external interference from the organization as it will be later on discussed. This model is essentially a bridge between researched findings and application in the clinical setting (Gouni et al., 2021). This application may benefit individuals more than the organization because it guides the effective implementation of evidence-based research findings. Key Features Of The Model

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4 The Stetler model enhances a comprehensive implementation of actions based on evidence-based research. The key features enhancing this outcome are substantiating evidence respective to the clinical application, current practice indicated in the change needed in practice operations, the feasibility of the evidence for the individual or organization requiring the change, and the practicability of implementing the findings of the research used (Rentala, 2018). While research may facilitate the necessary information to facilitate change in individual or organizational operations for efficiency, the specific need must be there for this model to be operative. The availability of this information creates the foundation for the next stage of this model’s key features which is to test for the feasibility of the evidence-based findings in practice. Once this is substantiated, the practicability of these findings will be tested to enhance the practitioner’s comprehension of its efficacy in solving the identified problem. The effective utilization of these critical features of the model enhances a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of respective research in the clinical setting. Steps of the Model There are five fundamental steps that this model indicates for the practical application of evidence-based practice. These steps include; preparation, validation, decision making, application, and evaluation (Rentala, 2018). Preparation involves establishing the impact of making specific changes to address the identified problem requiring an evidence-based practice intervention. Afterward, the second step assesses the reliability of the data through testing for validity. Decision-making will follow this step and evaluate whether the evidence provided by the research is necessary for the respective situation and may be applied if relevant. The final step involves the evaluation of the efficacy of the evidence-based practice to solve the problem identified.

5 Relationships of the Model The steps that are necessary for the productive utilization of this model are interconnected. In this case, the steps may be described as transitionary due to their connection. While the preparation step initiates the assessment of relevant research for the respective clinical practice, the validity step enhances the substantiation of the efficacy of these findings to the individual need. Afterward, the decision-making and application steps will rely on the findings of the previous two steps. The final step evaluates how the entire procedure was utilized to enhance an effective outcome. Therefore, these steps present a critical transitionary relationship with the previous creating a foundation for the next to operate in. Assumptions Of The Model This model is primarily centered on two assumptions. The first assumption is that the primary organization of the care provider intends to use the research in clinical practice may not be involved in this action (Rentala, 2018). This assumption requires independence without internal and external interference. This way, the implementation of the evidence-based findings may be done more effectively as the model hypothesizes that interference may limit its efficacy (Rentala, 2018). The second assumption in this model suggests that insufficient knowledge in research and evidence-based practice may hinder its effective utilization (Rentala, 2018). These assumptions enhance a comprehensive utilization of the model; thus, it is necessary to consider them in the Stetler model. Application To Professional Practice The Stetler model can be used to effectively apply mindfulness in reducing stressors leading to depression among adults. Many adults have been affected by this condition during the pandemic. The features of this model may enhance the effective implementation of the findings

6 from mindfulness in the management of negative thoughts and emotions accompanied by depression. While mindfulness provides an effective solution to depression management in research, applying it to practice may subsequently rely on the Stetler model. This way, it can be used in my organization's change project to enhance a more effective way to integrate evidence- based research findings to ensure the organization operates optimally. Conclusion The effects of depression enhanced by the current covid 19 pandemic may have devastating consequences for the general mental population. The Stetler EBP model facilitates the foundation for effective implementation of mindfulness as a comprehensive intervention to depression. This model can be implemented in the clinical setting but is most recommended for individual use. Its key features include the presence of the need for change in the organization, the feasibility of the evidence, and the practicability of its implementation. These features are guided by its five fundamental steps of implementation, preparation, validation, decision making, application, and evaluation. These steps guide the practitioner into effectively utilizing its use to implement an evidence-based finding in the clinical setting. The Stetler model and mindfulness may therefore provide an operational solution for individual use to enhance effective implementation in the clinical setting from research findings. This is done by introducing more operational mechanisms to bridge the findings to clinical applications more comprehensively.

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7 References Cao, C., Hu, L., Xu, T., Liu, Q., Koyanagi, A., Yang, L., Carvalho, A. F., Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., & Smith, L. (2020). Prevalence correlates and misperception of depression symptoms in the United States, NHANES 2015–2018. Journal of Affective Disorders , 269 , 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.031 Christenbery, T. L., Oermann, M. H., Christenbery, T. L., Christenbery, T. L., Walker, P. D., Christenbery, T. L., McArthur, D. B., Love, R., Duffy, J. R., Meyer, M. N., Rotondo, L. D., Love, R., McArthur, D. B., Bradshaw, M., Wells, N., Card, E. B., Edie, A. H., Jeffs, L., Saragosa, M., … Zahradnik, M. (2021). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing . Springer Publishing Company. https://connect.springerpub.com/content/book/978-0- 8261-2759-4 Gouni, O., Hadjigeorgiou, E., Ruiz-Berdún, D., Minnie, C. S., & Calleja-Agius, J. (2021). Dissemination and enrichment of knowledge about normal birth to bring about a change to society . https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/79393 Rentala, S. (2018). Basics in Nursing Research and Biostatistics . Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Weinberger, A. H., Gbedemah, M., Martinez, A. M., Nash, D., Galea, S., & Goodwin, R. D. (2018). Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: Widening disparities in vulnerable groups. Psychological Medicine , 48 (8), 1308–1315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002781

3043230_mindfulness_for_depression (1)

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