Chapter 4 Human Diseases

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St. John's University *

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Nursing

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Nov 24, 2024

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Many infectious diseases are increasingly difficult to treat because of what problem? Overuse of antibiotics has created antimicrobial resistance. Karen is exhausted all the time, has a chronic sore throat and myalgia, does not sleep well, and feels like she is in a fog all the time. What might her PCP consider? Chronic fatigue syndrome Myalgia Muscle ache Tularemia Can be used as potential weapon Flaviviruses One form of hemorrhagic fever DTaP vaccine Prevention from diphtheria AIDS A disease of 35 million people Category A of potential weapons Easily transmitted from person to person Rubeola Has an incubation period of 10 to 20 days Given at 12 to 15 months of age; again at age 6 to prevent disease MMRV vaccine Erythemia infectiosum (fifth disease) Causes a "slapped cheek" ras Spirally twisted bacterium Spirochete What makes SARS so infectious? It spreads much like pneumonic plague. What is the peculiar nature of the H1N1 virus? It has DNA typical to avian, swine, and human viruses What is the highly contagious disease with a distinctive rash that passes through stages of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts called? Varicella Bruce and his contractors will be working in Costa Rica for several months. In preparation for this work, he talks with his internist, who is known as the "travel authority" for the large medical practice. What might Bruce learn from his internist about prevention of malaria? Wear protective clothing, use DEET, and take antimalarial medication prior to travel What is the medical term for 3-day measles? Rubella Adam, age 6, has been hospitalized with a serious case of infection from E. coli O157:H7. Medical professionals are hoping to prevent which potentially life-threatening complication? Hemolytic uremic syndrome What is a viral respiratory infection that may be prevented by immunization? Type A and type B influenza Which of the following has the classic symptom of swollen parotid glands?

Mumps Where is the Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria that causes serious illness commonly found? Undercooked contaminated ground beef What is the name of the acute, life-threatening infectious disease characterized by a membrane-like coating that forms over mucous membrane surfaces, especially the respiratory tract? Diphtheria What are some methods to prevent tetanus? Get vaccinated with DTaP and get boosters. Which of the following are among the many factors responsible for the surge in new infectious and communicable diseases? Microbial adaptation and change How is stage 1 of Lyme disease typically described? Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) rash Charles is a World War II survivor. He was in the army and saw a fair amount of battle. He tells you that his greatest fear was from botulism poisoning. How is that possible? Botulism was injected into hand grenades tossed at the soldiers. What is the term for bacteria in the blood that travels throughout the body causing serious consequences? Bacteremia Can you identify one reason why it might be wise to keep the two vials of smallpox virus? If the enemy has it and knows the United States has it, there is less chance for it to be used as bioterrorism. When the virus is on hand, creating a vaccine is easier. What is the best treatment for hemorrhagic fever? Intensive care, isolation, perhaps an antiviral medication The disease caused by a tiny tick-transmitted spirochete is called what? Lyme disease The symptoms of pneumonic plague resemble so many other diseases. What are they? Shortness of breath, cough, sneezes, respiratory infection If Cary is being treated for an infection, why is he still going to work and meeting friends? His particular infection is not a threat to others. Margery is a missionary nurse in the West African country of Guinea. She is very much aware of the threat of hemorrhagic fevers and continually teaches to be watchful for a very specific set of symptoms. What are they? Bleeding under the skin and from the mouth, eyes, and ears Blaine just gets over one cold and gets another. He feels miserable, but there is no antibiotic for it. An Internet search suggests some complementary therapies that might help. What are they? Andographis and probiotics What is the concern regarding MERS? Presently, it has a high death rate; also, world travel makes it fairly easy to spread. Why is the prognosis of MRSA so discouraging? It can progress to life-threatening blood, bone, lung, or skin infections

A cattle rancher in western Nebraska can be concerned about what kind of anthrax that farmers and ranchers are regularly exposed to? Cutaneous anthrax Casey has pertussis. His mother is contacting his friends to tell them they may have been exposed. At what stage and period of time is this? Catarrhal stage, approximately 7 to 10 days How is HIV most commonly transmitted? Sexual intimacy Infectious diarrheal outbreaks are identified by what etiology? Caused by rotaviruses, bacteria, and parasites; maybe airborne respiratory droplets

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