Week 3 Assignment

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Karachi School for Business & Leadership *

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593

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Nursing

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Nov 24, 2024

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Week 3 Assignment MARY CHIKAEZE ASPEN UNIVERSITY THEORY AND RESEARCH OCTOBER 27, 2023

Objective  Examine an article's methodology  Find two publications in scholarly journals.  The Descriptive Epidemiology Type  One more use a method called analytic epidemiology.  Articles should be summarized.  Distinguishing between research strategies  Summaries the suggestions for Safeguarding Research Subjects.

Article Chosen  Taskforce, E. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Outbreak on Cruise Ship Quarantined at Yokohama, Japan, February 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases journal. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-%201165_article#sug gestedcitation

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Is It Evident That Primary, Secondary, Or Meta-analysis Was Used?  Primary analysis (Taskforce, 2020)  Observations made by travellers and flight staf  A random selection of 2,666 travellers and 1,045 flight attendants  Accepting of both sexes

ROLE OF SURVEY  Boost social studies and demographics data collection.  Data collection and analysis from original sources  Evaluation of Data Collection  Thermometers should be given out to the crew and the participants.

Flaws Or Discrepancies In The Data  Inconsistent results from the norm in scientific testing  There was insufficient definition of control groups.  A lack of full context  A failure to observe details

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Flaws Or Discrepancies In The Data (Cont..)  Distribution of the reported incidents  Problems with the Collected Information  Problems with the median completion rate of an interval  Excessive reading into the data

Descriptive Epidemiology Article  Muda, C. M. C., Ismail, T. A. T., Jalil, R. A., Hairon, S. M., Sulaiman, Z., & Johar, N. (April 01, 2019). Postnatal breastfeeding education at one week after childbirth: What are the efects?. Women and Birth , 32, 2.

Analytic Epidemiology Article  O’Brien, K. L., Baggett, H. C., Brooks, W. A., Feikin, D. R., Hammitt, L. L., Howie, S. R., ... & Murdoch, D. R. (2017). Introduction to the epidemiologic considerations, analytic methods, and foundational results from the pneumonia etiology research for child health study. Clinical infectious diseases, 64 (suppl_3), S179-S184.

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Comparison Of The Two Articles  Article describing something that employs a survey format  Article using a systematic review approach in analytical epidemiology  Quantitative methods are often used in descriptive epidemiology (Muda et al., 2019).  The field of "analytic epidemiology," which examines secondary data from

Comparison Of The Two Articles (CONT ..)  When doing a systematic review, it is important to consider the quality of the research used to reach any findings.  It's cheaper to do a quasi-experimental investigation.  Non-randomised intervention studies include a broad spectrum of research designs.  When a randomised controlled trial cannot be conducted for ethical or practical reasons, researchers turn to quasi- experimental study methods.

Research Participants  They are the primary data collectors.  Their safety and rights need to be guaranteed.  Their security must be guaranteed.  They need to be shielded from any potential dangers.  The United States Department of Health and Human Services has issued guidelines for their safety.

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RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROTECTING RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS  Participants' rights need to be safeguarded, and the federal government should take the lead (HHS.gov, 2020).  Participants' safety must also be guaranteed.  Assess the possible downsides and upsides for the participants.  Take a look at the signed waiver of liability.

Recommendation (Cont..)  Establish a centralised, autonomous workplace.  NOHRO (National Office for the Oversight of Human Research) must be created.  The Federal Government's Policy on Determining Human Participation in Research  There must be a leader to ofer direction.

Recommendation (Cont..)  Identify participant research activities (HHS.gov, 2020).  There must be a more organised efort to get fresh data.  "Commencement of Professional Obligations"  Ethical Controversy: A Retrospective  Harmonise research ethics with the study's subject matter  Specify potential dangers  Ethical issues should also be reviewed by the federal government.  An analysis of this kind will be useful for spotting and mitigating potential problems during study.

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Conclusion  One may do either primary or secondary research for a project.  A survey is a primary method of research because:  Used for gathering, documenting, and evaluating primary data, this method: Determines how a variety of factors might contribute to the study's analysis.  Diferences in the data might distort findings.  Data collection is an integral part of the epidemiological research process.  Qualitative framework is essential in analytical epidemiology.  Human research subjects need to be safeguarded.

References  Taskforce, E. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Outbreak on Cruise Ship Quarantined at Yokohama, Japan, February 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases journal. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-1165_article#suggestedcitation  Muda, C. M. C., Ismail, T. A. T., Jalil, R. A., Hairon, S. M., Sulaiman, Z., & Johar, N. (April 01, 2019). Postnatal breastfeeding education at one week after childbirth: What are the efects?. Women and Birth, 32, 2.  O’Brien, K. L., Baggett, H. C., Brooks, W. A., Feikin, D. R., Hammitt, L. L., Howie, S. R., ... & Murdoch, D. R. (2017). Introduction to the epidemiologic considerations, analytic methods, and foundational results from the pneumonia etiology research for child health study. Clinical infectious diseases, 64(suppl_3), S179-S184  Hhs.gov. (2020). Regulations to Protect Research Volunteers. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/education-and-outreach/about- researchparticipation/protecting-research-volunteers/index.html

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