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School
Southern New Hampshire University *
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Course
500
Subject
Medicine
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by GeneralHareMaster573
What
is
the
etiologic
fraction
of
discase
due
to
smoking
among
individu-
als
with
lung
cancer?
What
is
the
etiologic
fraction
of
disease
due
to
smoking
among
individu-
als
with
coronary
thrombosis?
What
is
the
population
etiologic
fraction
of
lung
cancer
due
to
smoking?
What
is
the
population
etiologic
fraction
of
coronary
thrombosis
due
to
smoking?
On
the
basis of
the
RR
and
etiologic
fractions
associated
with
smoking
from
lung
cancer
and
coronary
thrombosis,
which
one
of
the
following
statements
is
most
likely
to
be
correct?
a.
Smoking
secems
much
more
likely
to
be
causally
related
to
coronary
thrombosis
than
to
lung
cancer.
b.
Smoking
secems
much
more
likely
to
be
causally
related
to
lung
cancer
than
to
coronary
thrombosis.
c.
Smoking
seems
to
be
equally
causally
related
to
both
lung
cancer and
coronary
thrombosis.
d.
Smoking
does
not
seem
to
be
causally
related
to
either
lung
cancer
or
coronary
thrombosis.
e.
No
comparative
statement
is
possible
between
smoking
and
lung
can-
cer
or
coronary
thrombosis.
1%
Calculate
the
etiologic
fraction
when
the
RR
for
discase
associated
with
a
given
exposure
is
1.2,
1.8,
3,
and
15.
The
impact
of
an
exposure
on
a
population
does
not
depend
upon:
a.
the
strength
of
the
association
between
exposure
and
disease.
b.
the
prevalence
of
the
exposure.
c.
the
case
fatality
rate.
d.
the
overall
incidence
rate
of
disease
in
the
population.
The
next
seven
questions
(3-9)
are
based
on
the
following
data:
The
death
rate
per
100,000
for
lung
cancer
is
7
among
nonsmokers
and
71
among
smokers.
The
death
rate
per
100,000
for
coronary
thrombosis
is
422
among
nonsmokers
and 599
among
smokers.
The
prevalence
of
smoking
in
the
population
is
55%.
(If
necessary,
refer
to
the
chapter
on
cohort
studies
for
formulas
for
RR.)
What
is
the
RR
of
dying
of
lung
cancer
for
smokers
versus
nonsmokers?
What
is
the
RR
of
dying
of
coronary
thrombosis
for
smokers
versus
nonsmokers?
1.
CALCULATE
THE
ETIOLOGIC
FRACTION
WHEN
THE
RR
FOR
DISEAES
ASSOCIATED
WITH
A
GIVEN
EXPOSURE
IS
1.2,1.8,3
AND15
Etiologoic
Fraction=(RR-1)/RR
(1.2-1)/1.2
=0.2/1.2
=0.167
(1.8-1)/1.8
=0.8/1.8
=0.444
(3-1)/3=2/3=0.667
(15-1)/15=14/15=0.93
3
2.THE
IMPACT
OF
AN
EXPOSURE
ON
A
POPULATION
DOES
NOT
DEPEND
UPON
C
The
Case
fatality
rate
Population
exposure
focused
on
contact
between
contaminate
and
an
individual.
The
case
fatality
rate
is
not
one
for
the
impacts
for
population
exposure.
The
next
seven
questions
(3—-9)
are
based
on
the
following
data:
The
death
rate
per
100,000
for
lung
cancer
is
7
among
nonsmokers
and
71
among
smokers.
The
death
rate
per
100,000
for
coronary
thrombosis
is
422
among
nonsmokers
and
599
among
smokers.
The
prevalence
of
smoking
in
the
population
is
55%.
(If
necessary,
refer
to
the
chapter
on
cohort
studies
for
formulas
for
RR.)
3.(71/100,000)/(7/100,000
)=0.000710/.00007
=10.1
4.
(599/100,000)/(422/100,000)=0.00599/0.0042
=1.4
5..[(71/100,000)-(7/100,000)]/71/100,000=.090
.00071-0007=.00064/.00071=.090
6.
[(599/100,000)-(422/100.000}]=.0042
=.30
599/100,000=
.00599
7
[.55(10.1-1)]
=
5.005
(100)=.83=83%
.55(10.1-1)+1 =6.005
8
[.55(1.4-1)]
=.22
(100)
=.18=18%
.55(1.4-1)+1=1.22
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9.
While
smoking
tends
to
be
more
of
the
course
to
have
a
relation
to
ling
cancer
than
coronary
thrombosis.
The
numbers
do
show
a
higher
rate
for
outcomes
than
those
of
those
who
are
nonsmokers.
The
Risk
Ratio
for
individual
with
lung
cancer
can
be
viewed
as
10.1
vs
1.4
for
coronary
thrombosis.
With
the
use
of
standing
formulas
to
identify
risk
and
association
with
disease
there
are
the
etiologic
fractions
for
lung
cancer,
as
that
of
90%
vs
30%
for
coronary
thrombosis