Universal_Health_Care
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Medicine
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Apr 3, 2024
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pptx
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Universal Health Care
SARA MCLAURY
JULY 3
R D
, 2022
Introduction
Access to health care is one of the main challenges affecting the United States
There is unequal distribution of health care resources and services (Healthy People 2020)
This problem has led to significant health disparities (Healthy People 2020)
There is a need for policies that increase access to health care
Health Care Access Issues
An estimated 8.6% of people do not have any form of health insurance
This is around 28 million people with no access to health care
Among insured people have inadequate coverage and still have to pay out-of-
pocket costs (Keisler-Starkey & Bunch, 2021)
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Health insurance Statistics
Private health insurance is more prevalent than public insurance
Around 66.5% of people are privately insured (Keisler-Starkey & Bunch, 2021)
Publicly insured people make up around 34.8% of the insurance (Keisler-Starkey & Bunch, 2021)
People living below the poverty level still have challenges accessing any of the insurance types
The Role of the ACA
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) played an important role in increasing access
Millions of people were able to get insured because of ACA
Before ACA over 16% of Americans were uninsured
After ACA, less than 9% are uninsured
Proposed Policy
Medicaid Expansion ◦
Around 13 states are yet to expand their Medicaid provisions to make them accessible to people living below the poverty level
◦
This expansion would significantly reduce the percentage of people without insurance
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Proposed Policy
Medicare for All - ◦
There have been proposals to make Medicare accessible to all people
◦
Medicare for all would make health care access universal
◦
This policy could eliminate the access problem
Evidence
The current Medicare covers health care costs for the elderly – all people over 65 years are eligible
Making Medicare accessible for all people would reduce access issues caused by income inequalities
Shepard, Baicker, & Skinner, J. (2020) found that Medicare accessible to all could improve health care efficiency while benefiting low-income earners
Evidence
A single-payer system such as Medicaid has worked in other developed countries
Countries like the UK, Australia, and New Zealand have created universal health care system for their users (Ragupathy et al., 2012)
In these countries, access due to income inequalities is not a major health issue
The United States can benefit from replicating such systems
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Evidence
There is evidence showing benefits of Medicaid expansion
According to Bachmueller et al. (2020), states that have expanded Medicaid eligibility generally have better health outcomes
There is better access to health care services such as mental and behavioral health, primary care services in these states.
Recommendations
One of the recommended actions would be implementing Medicare for All
The advantage of such a system is that it would create access to care for all people
The system can also improve quality of care by making health care resources more accessible
However, this system is expected to increase government spending on health care
Recommendations
Another recommended option is to expand Medicaid
Florida is one of the 12 states without Medicaid expansion
The maximum income to access Medicaid is over $2,500
Expanding Medicaid requirements will allow poorer people to access Medicaid services
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Recommendations
Medicare for all bill has currently received a lot of objection for its costs
This system has been criticized for its potential impact on health care costs
Thus, expanding Medicaid eligibility is recommended as the better option for Florida
This action will increase access to health care for poorer populations in the state
Conclusion
Access is one of the biggest challenges in health care
People from poor backgrounds are unable to afford good insurance programs
It is recommended to expand Medicaid eligibility to increase access to quality health care
References
Buchmueller, T. C., Cliff, B. Q., & Levy, H. (2020, July). The benefits of Medicaid expansion. In
JAMA Health Forum
(Vol. 1, No. 7, pp. e200879-e200879). American Medical Association. Healthy People 2020. Access to health services. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health/interventions-resour
ces/access-to-health
Keisler-Starkey, K. & Bunch, L. (2021). Health insurance coverage in the United States. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-274.html#:~:text=Between%202018%20and%
202020%2C%20the%20rate%20of%20public%20health%20insurance,from%2085.1%20percent%20in%202
018
. Ragupathy, R., Aaltonen, K., Tordoff, J., Norris, P., & Reith, D. (2012). A 3-dimensional view of access to licensed and subsidized medicines under single-payer systems in the US, the UK, Australia and New Zealand.
Pharmacoeconomics
,
30
(11), 1051-1065.
Shepard, M., Baicker, K., & Skinner, J. (2020). Does one medicare fit all? the economics of uniform health insurance benefits.
Tax Policy and the Economy
,
34
(1), 1-41.
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