BHA-FPX4002_Assessment_1
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Evolution of the Hospital Industry: A Comparative Analysis
Name
Capella University
BHA-FPX4002: History of the United States Health Care System
Chanadra Whiting
01/29/2024
2
Evolution of the Hospital Industry: A Comparative Analysis
The evolution of hospital care across different periods offers valuable insights into the
healthcare industry's transformation. This paper aims to analyze the historical development of
hospital care from the 1800s to the 1960s and the present, focusing on critical aspects such as
hospital environment, staff education, level of care, and payment for care. By examining these
elements, we can understand how the hospital industry has evolved and its impact on patient
outcomes over time (Rosenberg, 1987; Starr, 1982; Berwick et al., 2008).
Hospital Care Evolution
The evolution of hospital care reflects significant advancements in medical knowledge,
technology, and societal attitudes toward healthcare. In the 1800s, hospitals were often
characterized by poor hygiene, overcrowding, and limited medical treatments, with care mainly
focused on palliative measures rather than curative interventions (Porter, 1997). However, by the
1960s, hospitals had undergone significant changes with the advent of modern medical practices,
including the development of antibiotics and surgical techniques, leading to improved patient
outcomes (Rosen, 2008). Today, hospitals prioritize evidence-based medicine, patient-centered
care, and the integration of advanced technologies to deliver comprehensive healthcare services
(Adler-Milstein & Jha, 2017).
Hospital Environment
The hospital environment has evolved throughout history to meet changing healthcare
needs and standards. In the 1800s, hospitals were often located in dilapidated buildings with
inadequate sanitation facilities, contributing to the spread of infectious diseases (Rosenberg,
1987). By the 1960s, hospitals had transitioned to modern facilities with improved hygiene
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standards, including adopting sterilization practices and developing specialized medical units
(Starr, 1982). Today, hospitals are designed to create a healing environment with modern
amenities, comfortable patient rooms, and advanced infection control measures to ensure patient
safety (Berwick et al., 2008).
Staff Education
The education and training of healthcare staff have also evolved to meet the demands of
modern healthcare delivery. In the 1800s, healthcare providers often had limited formal
education and training, resulting in variability in the quality of care (Dossey, 2005). However, by
the 1960s, the professionalization of medical education had led to the establishment of nursing
schools and residency programs, improving the competency of healthcare professionals
(Hassmiller, 2010). Today, healthcare professionals undergo rigorous training and continuing
education to stay abreast of advances in medical science and technology, ensuring the delivery of
high-quality patient care (Adler-Milstein & Jha, 2017).
Level of Care
The level of care provided in hospitals has significantly improved over time, reflecting
advancements in medical technology and clinical practices. In the 1800s, hospitals primarily
offered essential treatments and palliative care, with limited interventions for severe medical
conditions (Porter, 1997). However, by the 1960s, hospitals had evolved to provide specialized
care, including advanced surgical procedures and medical interventions (Rosen, 2008). Today,
hospitals offer a wide range of services, including preventive care, diagnostic imaging,
minimally invasive surgeries, and specialized treatments for complex medical conditions,
resulting in improved patient outcomes (Emanuel et al., 2019).
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Paying for Your Care
The evolution of payment models for hospital care has also significantly shaped the
healthcare landscape. In the 1800s, hospital care was often inaccessible to the poor and
marginalized, with limited options for financing medical expenses (Rosenberg, 1987). However,
by the 1960s, the introduction of government-funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and
Medicaid, expanded access to hospital care for vulnerable populations (Starr, 1982). Today,
various payment models, including private insurance, government-sponsored plans, and value-
based care initiatives, ensure financial coverage for a wide range of medical services, promoting
equitable access to healthcare (Berwick et al., 2008).
Comparative Analysis
The comparative analysis of hospital care across different periods highlights the
significant advancements and transformations in the healthcare industry. From rudimentary
medical practices and limited access to care in the 1800s to specialized and technologically
advanced healthcare services today, hospitals have evolved to meet the changing needs of
patients and communities. By understanding the historical context of hospital care, healthcare
professionals can appreciate the progress made in improving patient outcomes and quality of
care over time and work towards addressing current healthcare challenges.
Conclusion
The evolution of the hospital industry across different periods underscores the
remarkable progress and transformative changes that have shaped modern healthcare.
From the humble beginnings of rudimentary medical practices and limited access to care
in the 1800s to the sophisticated, patient-centered healthcare services available today,
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hospitals have continuously adapted to meet the evolving needs of society. The
advancements in medical knowledge, technology, and healthcare delivery models have
improved patient outcomes and revolutionized how healthcare is delivered and
experienced. As we reflect on the history of hospital care, it becomes evident that
studying this evolution is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the
challenges, innovations, and milestones that have shaped the current healthcare
landscape. By learning from the past and embracing ongoing advancements, healthcare
providers can continue to drive positive changes, improve the quality of care, and
ultimately enhance the well-being of patients and communities.
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References
Adler-Milstein, J., & Jha, A. K. (2017). HITECH Act Drove Large Gains In Hospital Electronic Health Record Adoption
. Health Affairs, 36(8), 1416–1422.
Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The Triple Aim: Care, Health, And Cost. Health Affairs
, 27(3), 759–769.
Dossey, B. M. (2005). Florence Nightingale: Mystic, Visionary, Healer (Rev. ed.
). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Publishing Company.
Emanuel, E. J., Pearson, S. D., & Fox, D. M. (2019). Moving Beyond The Affordable Care Act To Build A System That Improves Health And Reduces Costs
. Health Affairs, 38(1), 15–
31.
Hassmiller, S. B. (2010). Nursing’s Role In Advancing Care Coordination And Transition Management.
The American Journal of Nursing, 110(9), 58–63.
Porter, R. (1997). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity
. W.W. Norton & Company.
Rosen, G. (2008). A History of Public Health (Expanded ed.)
. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rosenberg, C. E. (1987). The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System
. Basic Books.
Starr, P. (1982). The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry
. Basic Books.
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Appendix
Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Care Evolution
Instructions:
Fill in the chart with bullet points that describe the key milestones (events, regulations, laws, etc.) and the supporting details to explain the topics in each cell. Use your textbook and at least two other resources from the course resources for this assessment or your own research, and document where you found the information using accurate APA citations.
Subject/Topic
1800s
1960s
2000s
Hospital
Environment
(Describe the
overall hospital
environment.)
Hospitals are often located in dilapidated buildings with inadequate sanitation facilities.
Transition to modern facilities with improved hygiene standards and specialized medical units.
Designed to create a healing environment. Modern amenities and infection control measures.
Medical Staff
Education
Level
(Describe the care
providers and
their education
levels.)
Limited formal education and training for Healthcare Providers.
Professionalization of Medical Education. Establishment of nursing schools and residency programs.
Rigorous training and continuing education for Healthcare Professionals.
Level of Care
(Describe the
quality of care for
each century and
if it improved.)
Essential treatments and palliative care with limited interventions.
Specialized care with advanced surgical procedures
and medical interventions.
Comprehensive healthcare services with preventive care, diagnostic imaging, and minimally invasive surgeries. Paying for
Care
(Describe how
care was paid
for.)
Often inaccessible to the poor and marginalized.
Introduction of government-
funded healthcare programs (Medicare, Medicaid) expanding access to care.
Various payment models include private insurance, government-sponsored plans, and value-based care.