chapter 3 exercises
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Medicine
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Apr 3, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by Joeclutch23
Joseph Porter Jr
Med Terminology 9/17/2023
Chapter 3 Odd Exercises Exercise 1 ■
Directional combining forms
Refer to the first section of the word parts table.
A Define
Write the definitions for the following combining forms. To check your answers to the exercises in this chapter, go to Appendix A at the back of the textbook.
1. ventr/o – belly/ front
2. cephal/o – head upward
3. later/o - side
4. medi/o – middle 5. infer/o - below
6. proxim/o – near (point of attachment)
7. super/o - above
8. dist/o – away (from the point of attachment)
9. dors/o - back
10. caud/o tail (downward)
11. anter/o - front 12. poster/o – back behind
B Label
Fill in the blanks with directional combining forms. To check your answers, go to Appendix A.
Left panel: Lateral diagram of female body is labeled from 1 through 6 with a blank marked for each CF associated with labels as:
1. Head. – cephal/o 2. Back. Dors/o 3. Back, behind. Poster/o
4. Tail (as in “tail” of the spine). Caud/o
5. Front. Anter/o
6. Belly (front). Ventr/o
Right panel: Lateral diagram of female body is labeled from 7 through 12 with a blank marked for each CF associated with labels as:
7. Side. Later/o
8. Above. Super/o
9. Middle. Medi/o
10. Near (leg: point of attachment) proxim/o
11. Away dist/o
12. Below infer/o
Exercise 3 ■
Prefixes
Refer to the third section of the word parts table.
A Label
Write the prefixes pictured and defined.
_
1. uni- one
A unicycle against a white background.
2. bi- two
A bicycle against a white background.
B Define
Write the definitions of the following prefixes.
1. bi- two
2. uni- one
Exercise 7 ■ Build A Label Build terms pictured by writing word parts above definitions. 1. Lateral diagram of a woman with a dividing plane in the middle is labeled from a through g as follows: a) above: pertaining to. – super/o b) head: pertaining to. – cephal/o
c) back: pertaining to; back: pertaining to. Dors/o poster/o
d) below: pertaining to. Infer/o
e) tail: pertaining to. Cauld/o
f) front: pertaining to. Anter/o
g) belly (front): pertaining to. Ventr/o
2. dist/al
3. proxim/al
Frontal diagram of a male human body shows arrows pointing downward from shoulder toward wrist and from thigh to ankle. Frontal diagram of a male human body shows arrows pointing
upward from wrist toward shoulder and from ankle to thigh. 4. later/al
Frontal diagram of a male human body with dashed line at the center dividing body into two halves with arrows pointing away
from the body. 5. medi/al
Frontal diagram of a male human body with dashed line at the center dividing body into two halves with arrows pointing toward the body. 6. a) posteroanterior b) anteroposterior Left panel: A patient facing against the radiographic equipment. Right panel: A patient facing the radiographic equipment is labeled from top to boom as: path of X-rays and image receptor.
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Organs and anatomy of interest closest to the image receptor are more accurately imaged. For example, a PA projection is used when the heart or other anterior structures are the focus of the study. An AP projection is used when the spine or other posterior structures are the primary focus. B Fill in Build directional terms for the following definitions by using the word parts you have learned. 1. toward the head (upward) cephalad
2. pertaining to near proximal
3. pertaining to away distal
4. pertaining to two sides bilateral
5. pertaining to the middle medial
6. toward the tail (downward) caudad
7. pertaining to the back and to the front posteroanterior
8. pertaining to the middle and to the side mediolateral
9. pertaining to one side (only) unilateral
10. pertaining to the front and to the back anteroposterior
Exercise 11 ■ Review of abdominopelvic regions terms Can you define, pronounce, and spell the following abdominopelvic regions? epigastric region - superior to the umbilical region hypochondriac regions - to the right and left of the epigastric region hypogastric region - inferior to the umbilical region iliac regions - to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin (also called inguinal regions
) lumbar regions - to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist umbilical region - around the navel (umbilicus) Exercise 13 ■ Anatomic planes A Label Fill in the blanks with anatomic planes to label the diagram.
1-
Coronal 2-
Transverse 3-
Midsagittal
Diagram of a female human body with horizontal, longitudinal and lateral planes dividing the surface of body marked 1 through 3 from top to boom. B Fill in Fill in the blanks with the correct terms. 1. The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the transverse plane. 2. The plane that divides the body equally into right and left halves is the midsagittal plane. 3. The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is referred to as the coronal plane. 4. Any plane that divides the body into right and left sides is referred to as a(n) sagittal
plane. 5. The plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides is the parasagittal plane. Exercise 17 ■ Review of body position terms Can you define, pronounce, and spell the following body position terms? Fowler position - semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees lateral recumbent position - lying on side; right and left precede the term to indicate the patient’s side lithotomy position - lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, and thighs abducted (away from body) and externally rotated
orthopnea position - siing upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back. Sometimes the patient tilts forward, resting on a pillow supported by an overbed table. (also called orthopneic position)
prone position - lying on abdomen, facing downward; head may be turned to one side; also called ventral
recumbent position recumbent position - lying down in any position (also called decubitus position
)
Sims position - lying on side in a semi-prone position with the knee drawn up toward the chest and the arm drawn behind parallel to the back. Right and left precede the term to indicate the patient’s right or left side. Originally, the term specifically indicated the patient’s left side; therefore, if the term Sims position is used without a description of right or left, it is assumed the patient is to be placed on the left side. supine position - lying on back, facing upward (also called dorsal recumbent position
) Trendelenburg position - lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet
Exercise 19 ■ Diagnostic terms built from word parts A Analyze and define Analyze and define the following diagnostic imaging terms by drawing slashes between word parts, writing word part abbreviations above the term, underlining combining forms, and writing combining form abbreviations below the term. To check your answers, go to Appendix A
. EXAMPLE: 1. tomography – tom wr - o cv - graphy – s process of recording slices
2. sonogram son- wr - o cv – gram- s record of sound 3. radiography – radi -wr- o cv – ology -s process of recording X rays 4. sonography son wr – o cv – graphy – s. process of recording sound
5. radiograph radi wr – o cv – graph – s. record of x-rays
6. radiologist radi wr – o cv – logist – s. physician who specializes in x rays B Label Build diagnostic imaging terms pictured by writing word parts above definitions. 1. radi/o/graphy
2. radi/o/graph
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A radioscopic equipment shows an imaging table with X-ray tube, flexible control box, patient bed with pillar and a Bucky stand inside a room. Chest radiograph show ribcages with two arrows pointing to white radiolucent smudge across the left lower rib cage. 3. son/o/graphy
Doctor examining a patient using a wired tool in hand and looking at outputs on a display screen in front. 4. son/o/gram
A sonograph with an arrow pointing to large ovular black patches. C Fill in Build diagnostic imaging terms for the following definitions by using the word parts you have learned. 1. process of recording slices – tom/o/graphy
2. physician who specializes in x-rays – radi/o/logist 3. study of x-rays - radi/o/logy
Exercise 21 ■ Review of diagnostic imaging terms Can you define, pronounce, and spell the following diagnostic imaging terms? computed tomography (CT) - imaging modality that combines x-rays with computer technology to produce detailed, cross sectional images of the body, called “slices.”
Fluoroscopy - imaging of moving body structures, like an x-ray movie magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) high strength, computer-controlled magnetic fields producing a series
of sectional images (slices) that visualize abnormalities such as swelling, infections, tumors, and herniated
disks
nuclear medicine (NM) - imaging of internal structures by using a Gamma camera to detect radiation from different parts of the body after a radioactive material (radioisotope) has been given to the patient
radiograph record of x-rays radiography process of recording x-rays radiologist physician who specializes in x-rays radiology - study of x-rays scan - image obtained from diagnostic imaging procedures using sensing devices and (most often) radioisotopes sonogram record of sound sonography process of recording sound (also called ultrasonography [US]
) tomography process of recording slices (anatomical cross sections) Exercise 23 ■ Case study: Translate between everyday language and medical language CASE STUDY: A’idah Khalil A’idah Khalil driving a car. A’idah Khalil was just in a car accident, but luckily, she is awake and knows what is going on around her. The ambulance comes, and the emergency team asks her where she is hurting. Her right foot hurts the most. She has pain in her upper right arm near her shoulder and notices some bleeding pppg g there. She also has some pain in her belly near the navel
and in her lower back near the waist. The paramedics put her on a hard board on her back facing upward
, put some kind of collar around her neck,
then load her into the ambulance and take her to the hospital. Upon arrival in the Emergency Department, she is taken to the x-ray department to have pictures taken of her foot. While there, she is
also placed into a machine that allows x-ray doctors to view cross sections of her spine and the areas around it. Now that you have worked through Chapter 3, consider the directional terms, positions, and regions that might be used to describe A’idah’s experience. See the Chapter at a Glance section at the end of the chapter for a list of terms that might apply. A. Underline phrases in the case study that could be substituted with medical terms. B. Write the medical term and its definition for two of the phrases you underlined. MEDICAL TERM 1. her belly near the navel
____ 2. on her back facing upward
____ DEFINITION
1-
umbilical region 2-
supine
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