Healthcare Problem-Solution Paper: Peer Review Strategies

Writing Breakout Group #3: Peer-review Paper #2 Outline HP353: Organization and Delivery of Healthcare in the U.S.

Healthcare Problem/Soltuion Guidelines Review Final draft due Thursday, 4/13 This paper will be written as a report (not a letter) for a local Congressperson. This Congressperson is interested in your expertise regarding a local public health issue of your choosing. In the paper you will a) identify and explain one problem of interest to you that exists in the U.S. health care system, b) investigate one significant cause of the problem, c) evaluate two significant effects of the problem (reasons why it matters) and d) propose one solution for the problem. Each stage of this paper should be grounded in scholarly research . There should be a precedent for your position that is based in research, and your details should be directly supported by it. This paper should follow an internal logic . For example, the solution should be related to the cause and effects you previously identified. (How does it address cause/effects?) Page requirements: Three pages minimum; four pages maximum. This total does not include the title and reference pages.

Paper #2 Key Components Review ▪ Identify: Convey the problem and relevant background information in the introduction. ▪ Investigate: Determine the primary cause of the problem and defend your reasoning. ▪ Evaluate: Determine two notable effects of the problem and examine them critically. Note: Each effect should be developed and supported thoroughly. ▪ Propose: Develop a solution that is based in research and considers causes/effects. ▪ Synthesize: Provide a conclusion that reviews your key points with a new context. ▪ Organize: Structure the paper with focused topic sentences that are relevant to your position and effectively frame your logic. ▪ Present: Implement proper APA format and citation standards. Use appropriate academic language.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Grading Identification of the Problem in the Introduction Stronger Introduction ▪ Establish the problem and its contexts using current sources and specific facts. Consider the audience and the precedent for addressing this issue. “Over the past 20 years, opioid use in the United States has been exponentially increasing, leading to a crisis known as the opioid epidemic. Since 1999, close to 400,000 people in the United States have died from opioid overdose (Understanding the Epidemic, 2018).” Weaker Introduction ▪ Do not rely on broad claims or generalized data. “Childhood obesity is a problem in the U.S. This condition leads to multiple challenges for the healthcare field.” What sort of specifics would be relevant for introducing the problem/context? Note: current research is especially useful for establishing a precedent for discussion in the introduction

Grading Investigation of a Cause Stronger Investigation ▪ Determine the one most significant cause and thoroughly defend/support your position. “ The push to prescribe opioids as a drug to mitigate pain was a multifactor decision in the healthcare community that was partially sparked by the increasing pressure to prescribe opioids to cancer and chronic pain patients via the persistent and misleading influence of the pharmaceutical industry.” Weaker Investigation ▪ Do not rephrase the cause as the problem you began with. ▪ Do not survey multiple causes. This becomes a review rather than an investigation. “Some of the possible reasons for the PCP shortage could be an aging population and the passing of the ACA, as well as longer work hours and overall lower pay when compared to their specialist counterparts.”

Grading Evaluation of Effects Stronger evaluation ▪ Determine the two most significant effects and thoroughly assess the impact of each. Draw from a diverse range of research for each effect. “Another public health concern that stems from the opioid epidemic is the increasing rates of infectious disease transmission. Prescription opioid users often turn to illicit opioid injections due to the financial burden of prescription opioids (Johnston, 2017). The direct needle sharing associated with illegal opioid usage has heavily contributed to the rise in HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C” (Liang & Ward, 2018). Weaker evaluation ▪ Do not simply “review” the effects, or use two effects that are similarly sourced. “One effect of the lack of PCPs is the decrease in life-expectancy/health outcomes for rural patients. One study found that an increase of ten PCPs per 100,000 people lead to a 51.5 day increase in life expectancy (Basu et al., 2019, p. 510). Another effect is a decrease in rural disease rates. An increase in ten PCPs reduced cardiovascular, cancer and respiratory mortality by 30.4 deaths, 23.6 deaths, and 8.8 deaths per million people respectively” (p. 510).

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Grading Proposal of a Solution Stronger proposal ▪ Consider the context of the solution. Is this your own original idea, a previously implemented solution, or a combination? How do other studies establish a precedent for your solution? “An answer to the opioid crisis is prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). PDMPs track patient opioid drug prescription history and provide information to key healthcare professionals, such as physicians and pharmacists. Currently, 49 states have implemented PDMPs; however, many states do not mandate pharmacists, physicians, or both to be enrolled. Therefore…” What is the solution being constructed here? Weaker analysis ▪ Do not use a source from one context (ten years ago, or a different country) without considering the time and place in which your problem exists. “French studies on the effectiveness of methadone clinics have shown that they generate the highest long-term rates of success.” What needs to happen to make this research useful?

Grading Synthesis in the Conclusion Stronger conclusion ▪ Revisit the problem in the context of the cause, effects and solution you highlighted. Consider the overall impact on the community, potential counterpoints, or long- term expectations. “… These details show that mandated registration in PDMPs, while creating more paperwork for practitioners, should allow for greater transparency and accountability in the system of opioid prescription. Although it won’t have much short-term effect on the use of illegal opiates, the human costs of the opiate epidemic should gradually drop as the number of prescriptions are reigned in.” Weaker conclusion ▪ Do not simply repeat the details of the paper. “As one can see, the shortage of primary care providers in the United States on top of the growing number of those seeking access to health care is problematic. Fewer primary care providers leads to health inequities affecting those living in rural areas, decreased life expectancy, and higher health care costs.”

Grading Organization Stronger organization ▪ Make sure your ideas fit within a logica l framework before you start. Problem: Prescription opioid addiction Possible causes: Lack of awareness; poor communication; inadequate policies or systems; medical negligence or malpractice Possible effects: Comorbidities; overdoses; transition to heroin; burden to medical resources; associated costs Possible solutions: …? Consider a solution for each possible cause. Weaker organization ▪ Do not insert research without clear connections. Start with an outline and then find research to fit your points. Problem: Obesity Cause: Food deserts Effect #1: Early onset diabetes Effect #2: Bullying Solution: Insurance incentives How could logic be improved here?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Grading APA and Language APA Format – Common error categories ▪ Title page: content, spacing, capitalization ▪ In-text citations: reference details, punctuation; consecutive citations in-paragraph ▪ Reference page: alphabetization of sources, indentation, spacing, doi number ▪ Sources: use of recent, academic sources Language – Common error categories ▪ Third-person voice: this should be written in third person as a report for the congressperson, not a letter to them. ▪ Audience awareness: you can, however, consider context such as constituents

APA Format Examples Common Reference: Journal Article Wooldridge, M.B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with technology: Mother-toddler interaction scores lower during play with electronic toys. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33 (5), 211-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.005 Common Reference: Online Government Brochure (not document) National Institute of Mental Health. (2019). Children’s health: Obesity [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/childrens-health-obesity In-text Citation: Journal Article (author, year, p. #) → (Woolridge & Shapka, 2012, p.13)

Peer Review Review your outlines in pairs considering the previously discussed components. Provide at least two suggestions regarding areas such as connections, focus, relevance, or general alternative approaches. Write down specific comments explaining your position. Component Questions to Consider Problem Does this topic need to be more specific? More broad? Why or why not? Cause Is this a single focused cause or three small causes in a trenchcoat? Effect #1 Does this seem like it would be one of the more relevant effects to a congressperson? Why or why not? Effect #2 Is this too similar to Effect #1? Is it too close to a restatement of the problem? [Insert “Pointing Spidermen” meme] Solution Does this seem to connect to the identified cause? How could the connection be made clearer? Conclusion Bonus: How do you think the solution will change the identified effects?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

HP353 Class Visit #3 (2) (1) (2)(1)(1) (1)

Related Documents