chemo4
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Western University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
831
Subject
Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by BrigadierKomodoDragonMaster980
A tear in the innermost lining of the aorta results in blood collecting between this inner layer and the middle layer of the wall of the aorta. Where is this blood collecting?
Between the tunica intima and the tunica media
3 multiple choice options
What types of molecules travel through the endothelial cells of capillaries
without
the help of membrane proteins?
CO2
Patients on dialysis for kidney failure need reliable vascular access for 4 hours, 3 days a
week. The walls of veins are normally too thick to be punctured repeatedly with large-
bore needles, so an AV fistula procedure is often performed, in which an artery in the forearm is diverted and directly attached to a vein. The vein then thickens over time, making it appropriate for repeated needle sticks. An AV fistula is an example of a(n)
Surgical anastomosis
2 multiple choice options
Which set of neurons represents sensory input to the cardiovascular control centers?
Green neurons
2 multiple choice options
What type of input represents sensory input to the cardiovascular control centers?
visceral
1 multiple choice option
If blood pressure starts to decrease, baroreceptors will __________ their rate of firing action potentials to the brain.
decrease
1 multiple choice option
The red visceral motor neuron results in the secretion of acetylcholine. The blue neurons result in the secretion of norepinephrine. Which is part of the parasympathetic system?
Red
When do baroreceptors increase their rate of firing action potentials?
When blood pressure is elevated
1 multiple choice option
What is the cardiac response to this sensory input from baroreceptors increasing their rate of firing action potentional?
Decreased cardiac output
1 multiple choice option
Which of the following situations will result in the release of acetylcholine from postganglionic visceral motor neurons associated with the heart?
An increase of action potentials from baroreceptors during rest
3 multiple choice options
What could explain the blood composition seen in the starred image?
The person did not drink enough water during exercising
3 multiple choice options
The blood vessel in the image has just been damaged. What event occurs first in the process of hemostasis?
Smooth muscle in the wall of the vessel contracts.
3 multiple choice options
Vasoconstriction (vascular spasm) is limiting blood loss. What happens next?
Platelets are attracted to the damage.
3 multiple choice options
Platelets bind to the exposed collagen from the damaged vessel wall. Binding to collagen also causes platelets to secrete chemicals that attract
more
platelets. This is an example of:
Positive feedback
1 multiple choice option
If the foramen ovale fails to close at birth, which of the following will happen?
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood will become mixed in the atria
2 multiple choice options
In a child with
patent ductus arteriosus
, the ductus arteriosus fails to degenerate after birth and remains open. Which of the following would you expect to see in this circumstance? (Hint: think about relative blood pressures!)
Blood will flow from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk, increasing blood volume and pressure in the pulmonary circulation
3 multiple choice options
In the image below, a semipermeable membrane separates two sides of a container. The container holds water (pink) and a dissolved solute (purple). If the membrane is permeable to water but not to the solute, in which direction will water flow?
From the left side to the right side (towards the higher concentration of solute)
2 multiple choice options
In a particular tissue, there is more solute in capillaries compared to the surrounding tissue. Which way will the water diffuse due to this osmotic pressure?
Water will diffuse from the tissue into the capillary.
2 multiple choice options
What do you observe about blood hydrostatic pressure across a capillary bed (in green box)?
It starts relatively low and continues to drop
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
2 multiple choice options
The majority of capillaries (continuous and fenestrated) are leaky (see arrows above) - fluid can exit and enter. At a capillary bed, if the hydrostatic pressure in that part of the capillary is greater than the hydrostatic pressure in the tissue, which way will fluid move?
Into the tissue
2 multiple choice options
Capillary hydrostatic pressure is 32 mmHg, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure is 1 mm
Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg, and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure is 2 mmHg. Calculate the net filtration pressure.
+8 mmHg
3 multiple choice options
Filtration
Movement of fluid INTO a capillary
Osmosis
Movement of fluid OUT of a capillary
Osmotic pressure
Force exerted by a fluid pressing against a wall/barrier
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)
Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient to achieve uniform distribution of
molecules
Diffusion
Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
Reabsorption
Force driving water toward a more concentrated solution
Hydrostatic pressure
Balance of filtration and reabsorption
Wuchereria bancrofti
is a tropical, parasitic worm that lives in lymphatic vessels and causes their blockage as the parasite grows. What is one result of this infection?
Retention of fluid in tissues
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following orders best describes the flow of urine out of the body?
Collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
3 multiple choice options
In the ascending portion of the nephron loop, Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported out of the filtrate (urine) and ultimately back into the blood plasma. This is an example of
which of the following?
Reabsorption
2 multiple choice options