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Dec 6, 2023

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Uploaded by jdalexander26

1 Proposal for Financial Reform in Health Care Jamie Alexander HCA-240

2 Proposal for Financial Reform in Health Care In the United States, health care is provided through a combination of public and private health insurance-Medicaid and Medicare. When compared to developed countries, the country has a distinct health-care system. It lacks universal or consistent health-care coverage and has just approved legislation demanding universal health-care coverage. Instead of universal health care or a single-payer national health insurance system, the health care system might be regarded as a hybrid system. The health-care system is a combination of commercial and public insurers and health-care providers, as well as non-profit and for-profit health-care providers. The federal government of the United States provides money for the national Medicare system for individuals aged 60 and up, as well as persons with disabilities. Furthermore, businesses provide the majority of the country's private insurance. Benefit packages and cost-sharing schemes are determined by both commercial and public insurers in compliance with state and federal legislation. The Australian health-care system, on the other hand, is mostly supported by Medicare, the country's health-insurance plan. The health-care system is jointly regulated and managed by all levels of government in the nation, including state, federal, local, and territory. Everyone in the county has access to Medicare, which pays a predetermined sum for the majority of healthcare services. Furthermore, Medicare covers about 75% of the total expenditures incurred in all private hospitals. As a result, Medicare and the public hospital system give low-cost to no- cost access to health care services for all Australians. It is regarded as one of the top health-care systems in the world, delivering safe, high-quality, and inexpensive treatment. Primary care services offered by general practitioners (GPs), allied health professionals, medical specialists, and nurses are among the top providers of the services.

3 Input Resources and Service Levels Interest in excellent personal and public health has led in several kinds of health insurance in the United States throughout the last 100 years. Millions of individuals in the country continue to be without health insurance or access to health-care resources. Similarly, the expenditures have skyrocketed as a result of technological developments and the launch of new medications. In both counties, resource distribution mechanisms are implemented at three levels. Policy is the highest level, where societies define the allocation process through health plans, legislation, and government financial mandates. Clinical standards and protocols are used to make allocation choices at the organizational level. Triage procedures are critical for making the most use of limited resources. Finally, in the absence of distribution methods, clinicians decide on patient therapy at the micro level. Capital, labor, and intermediary products and services are all considered inputs in Australia. They are integrated to build the country's quality services. The human resources are physicians and nurses that are availed in major and minor healthcare service points throughout the country. Physician, nurse, and hospital bed density are related with excellent quality in both private and public hospitals in both nations. Healthcare as a Proportion of GDP The United States' health-care spending has increased by 4.6 percent, reaching a new high of $3.8 trillion, or $11,582 per person. According to projections, the government will spend 18% of its GDP on health care in 2020. As a result, the country now has the greatest health-care spending per GDP when compared to other affluent countries. In Australia, during 2016 and 2017, the country spent around $181 billion on health: 41% by the government, 27% by both the

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4 territory and state governments, 17% by people, 9% by commercial health insurers, and 6% by non-governmental organizations. The total spending recorded was around 10% of the gross domestic product. Health-care spending currently accounts for 9.27 percent of GDP. Equity and Access Most individuals in the United States lack the desire or need to establish equity. Equity is considered as non-existent inside the country's health-care paradigm, as my health-care service managers have confessed. The absence of equity is viewed as a result of the people of the United States' beliefs. The concept is built on the independence relationship, which is linked to monetary success. The link between healthcare and employment is visible throughout the system. As a result, Americans feel that each individual should take care of themselves in terms of healthcare by having access to well-paying employment and, as a result, great insurance. The government of the United States promotes self-sufficiency ideals throughout the country. In Australia, equity in the context of health care has a higher ideological importance. Adequate healthcare policy applies to all citizens, regardless of wealth, race, or social standing. This contradicts the notion of equity in the United States. To address their present system efficiency, the Australian government has recently shifted its support for the public sector and called for healthcare privatization. The policy has sparked debate among Australians who share their views towards health-care fairness. Life Expectancy The World Health Organization uses life expectancy as one of its main health indicators. Life expectancy offers a measure of a country's population's health. When a population is healthy, there is a greater chance that a single, live-born individual will survive. From 1960 to 2015, Australia has a greater birth-age life expectancy than the United States for both males and

5 females. Life expectancy in the United States was 77.8 years in 2020, whereas it was 83.7 in Australia. They both improved significantly from the 1960s to 2019—lifespan for adults and child mother and child mortality. The disparities in health between the two countries can be attributed to variances in social expenditure programs. It covers spending on healthcare as well as spending on programs that improve the social determinants of health. Spending on such initiatives is seen as a factor of improved health outcomes. Nonetheless, in this comparison, healthcare spending does not correspond with a health consequence. The United States spent more on healthcare in 2005 than other OECD countries such as Australia. As a result, social expenditure impacts the difference in health that determines life expectancy. Australia Healthcare Outcome Over the years, Australia has been able to obtain high-quality health results. Its life expectancy has risen considerably as a result of the country's improved health care. In comparison to other industrialized countries, the country was able to do this with modest health- care spending. The sharing of duties across states and territories has been a critical determinant. Preventive services, such as cancer screening through the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, palliative care and public hospital funding, national health reforms, and rapid responses to national health emergencies, are among the activities responsible for excellent healthcare results. As a result, the country has the world's best healthcare system.

6 References Reynolds, M. M., & Avendano, M. (2018). Social policy expenditures and life expectancy in high-income countries. American journal of preventive medicine , 54 (1), 72-79. Schokkaert, E., Steel, J., & Van de Voorde, C. (2017). Out-of-pocket payments and subjective unmet need of healthcare. Applied health economics and health policy , 15 (5), 545-555. Yusuf, F., & Leeder, S. (2019). Recent estimates of the out-of-pocket expenditure on health care in Australia. Australian Health Review , 44 (3), 340-346.

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