IHP 610 7-2 Project Prep
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Dec 6, 2023
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7-2 PROJECT PREPARATION
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7-2 Project Preparation: Financial Influence and Value Concflict Analysis
Adam Mirkin
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP 610: Health Policy and Law
Dr. James Dockins
November 5, 2023
7-2 PROJECT PREPARATION
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Stakeholder Needs
Regarding the issue of increasing the awareness and rate of adult vaccinations, the
primary issue putting stakeholders at risk would usually be individuals choosing to decline these
injections out of choice/preference as opposed to a legitimate medical reason. For his reason, as
well as others for the sake of improved public health, it would be beneficial for immunization
levels to increase. The primary list of stakeholders is exceedingly long, and the primary
inclusions within the list are wide ranging. The most directly affected would be those who are
involved in public and/or private health are practices, the other persons present in such an
environment, obviously the patients themselves, and finally the numerous secondary contacts of
these individuals who may contract a preventable illness. For those who do work in health care
facilities, the need is very real as there are possible scenarios which could potentially result in
being out of work for a long period or, still worse, an in-house epidemic that could make a
facility or practice inoperable for a time (Burki, 2021). It largely goes without saying that an
inordinate financial burden would be placed on those affected.
As far as potential vaccine recipients go, there would likely be great benefit in providing
some sort of financial incentive to those who are willing to move forward with immunization.
Particularly in areas with a more financially depressed population, these additional funds could
be viewed as a windfall and help with some day to day needs but also potentially overcome some
previously existing barriers to receiving effective preventative and reactive care. Additionally,
the most important result from vaccinating these populations would potentially reduce both the
infection and mortality rates, which would have a snowball effect and reduce the burden on a
strained health care environment (Burki, 2021). Practitioners willing to relocate to these
communities would also alleviate the infection risk they face in the more populated areas.
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Financial Influence
When considering the strongest potential wielder of influence on the previously
mentioned stakeholders, governmental actors will likely fill that role. All branches and agencies
of the government, combined, have the greatest influence on the development and
implementation of regulatory and legislative actions related to health care. On a federal level, the
FDA is almost wholly responsible for the testing and approval of new treatments, including the
vaccinations mentioned in this discussion. In concert with the CDC, the FDA builds and shapes
policy initiatives geared towards improving awareness of and access to new health care methods
and practices in areas that would be considered underserved and largely marginalized. The key
item attached to these initiatives is the funding needed to incentivize their widespread acceptance
and implementation and prioritizing the necessary areas could lead to a higher adoption rate for
vaccines with the possibility of this feeding into additional efforts. In creating this financial
incentive initiatives, the federal government would need to collaborate closely with individual
states to coordinate these efforts and the allocation of funds to ensure that the program is
implemented in a way that meets their goals. (Institute of Medicine, n.d.). Secondary
stakeholders who would see financial benefit would be healthcare providers who are able to treat
a greater variety of conditions rather than focusing on illnesses which do have approved
vaccines, as well as the overall economic system as employers would no longer lose work days
to preventable illnesses.
Benefits and Disadvantages
There are far more overall benefits than drawbacks to achieving an increased vaccination
rate. The main beneficiary would be the overall public health and the system it has set up to serve
the population. The proposed financial incentives will be distributed to the manufacturers of the
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7-2 PROJECT PREPARATION
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vaccines, but also spread proportionally throughout the communities who are successfully seeing
an increase in immunization rate (Rodrigues & Plotkin, 2020). The communities affected will
also benefit as a whole, with vaccinations providing an improvement in infection rates as well as
a commensurate effect on the mortality rate. Epidemics would be curbed before they were able to
seriously take hold, while herd immunity would be developed and aid in the overall health of
those who are exempt from certain vaccinations due to potential health risks and/or conflicts in
belief system.
Conversely, there are some potential areas that would see some drawbacks and place
some population segments at a disadvantage if immunization rates do increase. Some employers
may implement stricter vaccination mandates within their workplaces, and those who have
elected to remain unvaccinated will definitely see their risk of unemployment rise. While in most
cases underprivileged and outlying communities are at a natural disadvantage within the health
care system, this would not necessarily be the case with a vaccination program. There would
likely be a sharp increase in auxiliary services designed to provide increased accessibility to
health care services and systems.
Competing Value Conflicts
When there are situations or issues that have a high level of impact in an area with people
who care deeply about the outcome, there are bound to be value conflicts that crop up. In terms
of public policy, these situations mostly exist when two competing factions strongly believe they
are in the right, while others have the opposing belief that theirs is the right option. Value
conflicts in adult vaccinations can occur due to differing belief systems on either the science or
principle of the vaccination, and sometimes both. In these situations, there is rarely a clear
“winner” as one side will end up dissatisfied and the only viable option is to increase awareness.
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References
Burki, T. (2021). Challenges in the rollout of Covid-19 vaccines worldwide. The Lancet
Respiratory Medicine, 9(4).
Institute of Medicine. (n.d.) Calling the shots: Immunization finance policies. American journal
of preventive medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11024319/
Rodridgues, C., & Plotkin, S. (2020). Impact of vaccines: health and economic perspectives.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01526
APIC. (2021). Herd immunity. https://apic.org/monthly_alerts/herd-immunity
Bach, A. T., Kang, A. Y., Lewis, J., Xavier, S., Portillo, I., & Goad, J. A. (2019). Addresssing
common barriers in adult immunizations. Expert review of vaccines, 18(11).
Pollard, A. J., & Bijker, E. M. (2021). A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new
developments. Nature reviews immunology