Analysis of Major Events
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Analysis of Major Events
1
Analysis of Major Events
Three people died while participating in marathon events on April 15, 2013, when local
terrorists targeted the Boston Marathon. Boston Marathon, the earliest annual marathon in the
world, was performed for the 117th time in 2013, with more than 26,000 runners participating.
The first explosion went off approximately five hours into the marathon, on the northern side of
Boylston Avenue, approximately one-half block from the line where the race ended. Another
explosive exploded 180 meters from the first round twelve seconds afterward (
LaLone et al.,
2020
). It was set up on the north side of Boylston Avenue in front of a sizable crowd of
onlookers. As quickly as emergency personnel showed up, a healthcare tent that had been put up
to treat attendees was converted into a crisis medical facility. Three explosive victims died from
their injuries while local police and federal detectives investigated a crime scene covering 15
square blocks. More than 100 seriously injured people were sent to nearby hospitals (
Hoena,
2019
).
After the assaults, law enforcement agencies asked the public for help requesting any
photos or videos that would be useful to their probe. Law enforcement agencies discovered that
the weapons utilized in the incidents were pressure cookers made from everyday household
items filled with bomb material, nails, and a ball bearing, the last two of which served as
shrapnel when the explosives exploded. The Federal Bureau of Investigation released pictures
and videos of two men listed as suspects in the assaults on April 18. On that specific day,
thousands of lives were saved thanks to the careful planning, thorough preparation, and prompt
response of those who were available. The presented work aims to scrutinize the 2013 Boston
Analysis of Major Events
2
Marathon bomb and how the situation was handled regarding prevention, planning, response,
and rehabilitation. Furthermore, the work scrutinizes elements of this management strategy
included in each phase and how they were utilized.
Mitigation
The first stage of emergency management is mitigation. Actions taken as part of
mitigation are meant to prevent or decrease the consequences of disasters (
Oktarie et al., 2021)
.
There were few options for minimizing the sophisticated terrorist attack of the Boston Marathon
bombings. Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Boston saw the need for an
elaborate citywide disaster preparedness strategy. Fire, police, emergency responders, and
hospitals must work together for a crisis management system to be effective. Only four American
cities, including Boston, have an all-hazards strategy approved and documented by EMAP, the
national disaster readiness assessment program, in compliance (
Kapucu et al., 2022
). Four
common approaches to risk reduction exist. Adoption, transfer, reduction, and avoidance are
frequently used in these.
Deterrence
For the safety of the runners and spectators, police officers and municipal personnel have
carried out early inspections of the Boston Marathon course. The essential roadways were closed
off days before the race. There were additional police officers in the days before the marathon;
they were visible at various locations along the course, both caparisoned and in plain clothing.
Analysis of Major Events
3
Preparedness
Long-term
Preparation is the second phase in responding to emergencies. The stage of preparation
entails activities designed to increase readiness and response time. In the two years prior to the
Boston Bombing, it was discerned that a large number of medical staff members and emergency
professionals from neighboring hospitals underwent extensive training for disasters like
explosions, fires, and aviation accidents (
Naushad et al., 2019
). The medical staff had approved
more mass catastrophe training of the five-level trauma facilities in the Boston area. After 9/11,
many first responders, law enforcement officers, and even SWAT teams in Boston received
training from the National Emergency Management Institute, the National Fire Institute, and
numerous FEMA affiliates (
Cerri, 2022
).
Short-Term
The hospital prepared for the predicted injuries before and on race day before the event
started. Athletes were already receiving medical attention for heat exhaustion and limb injuries
brought on by unintentional stumbles and trips throughout the marathon. Boston, which has five
level-one shock clinics, was the first location to establish and implement the program for mass-
casualty catastrophe preparedness (
Hojman et al., 2019
). Boston was prepared for the worst on
this specific day and was unaware that their knowledge would be tested.
Response
Following the explosions, many marathon attendees jumped into action to assist in
triaging the wounded. Collectively, law enforcement officers, emergency responders, and
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Analysis of Major Events
4
commoners worked to treat the injured and remove the portion. Before the smoke had cleared,
people from all walks of life had offered to help the strangers instead of worrying about their
safety.
Resiliency
Boston was prepared to deal with anything like this matter regardless of how unprepared
it was. As citizens and emergency personnel rushed toward the victims immediately after the
explosives detonated, irrespective of whether further explosives were nearby and poised to go
off, as
Hodgson (2021)
reported, there was the witness of extraordinary bravery. To prevent them
from choking to death from bleeding, tourniquets were applied to some of the afflicted
(
JOHNSON, n.d
). The base post quickly changed into a triage center from its original purpose of
treating chilled, desiccated racers. The city's ambulance, law enforcement, and palliative
networks all worked well since they had long before been ready for a day like this. Boston locals
and visitors were thrust into an unusual situation, yet instead of running away in fear, they came
together for the city's benefit. That day, a number of people were spared owing to the rapid
thinking and preparation of many. Field catheters and pressure bandages were being used by
even those with the greatest elementary experience to halt blood circulation and prevent fatalities
(
JOHNSON, n.d
).
Command of the Incident
The objective was adjusted so that local law enforcement and FBI agents could look for
additional explosives and the assailants while a few wounded were being evaluated and taken to
various hospitals. Police, fire, and first responder units were forming, an incident management
post was being constructed, and the goal was being changed.
Analysis of Major Events
5
Recovery
The bombardment, evaluation, and recovery were over, and individuals started to recover.
Lawyers for victims were immediately present to help and comfort anyone harmed by the
incident. Bodily scars heal more quickly than psychological wounds. In their article,
Makwana
(2019)
claims that additional study is necessary to understand the effects of trauma on people's
physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and financial well-being and how disaster management may
help (
Makwana, 2019
)
According to the Division of Homeland Security, a few themes appeared throughout the
planning and preparedness exercises that took place before the terrorist attack. Among the
themes identified useful include the importance of the organization's focal point for grounds and
administrative response, a crucial need for information dissemination and connectivity, and DHS
supporting law enforcement are all examples of early and ongoing engagement and the link to
preparation, according to Department of Homeland Security (2020). Additionally, it is necessary
to collaborate with local, national, regional, and international organizations (DHS, 2020).
Having been learning for years, Boston has been prepared. The preparations and
preparations were extensive for the Boston Marathon. The lack of an effective emergency
preparedness plan, response, and action may have caused twice as many injuries and fatalities.
No way anyone could have foreseen a terrorist attack at such an event. The general public is
curious why more was not done to safeguard the survivors. Both sides pointed fingers and laid
blame, but there were consequences. Other cities can learn from Boston. A city that prioritizes
emergency management can overcome even the worst catastrophes.
Analysis of Major Events
6
Biblical Viewpoint
The Bible provides a unique perspective on disaster prevention. According to Proverbs
27:12, the wise see trouble and flee, but the simple endure. We may not hide it. Nevertheless, we
are aware that a catastrophe, whether artificial or natural, will happen. The Boston emergency
management plan instructs us to be prepared for any disaster. Since we understand that God is
beside us, we may feel at peace. In times of trouble, God is our refuge and power source. Even
when our worldly physique and things are damaged, we have a heavenly body and a place to call
our own in heaven. Since we have a permanent home not constructed by human hands in the
heavens, our terrestrial tent is not demolished (Cor. 5:1). We can conquer everything when we
put our faith in Jesus.
Conclusion
Federal departments have built distinctive and quick emergency responses around the
global community as one of the main security precautions. The federal government's recovering
service to this terrorism in terms of general well-being, medical response to emergencies, and
public safety demonstrated that the American terrorism approach is always an arranged and
planned process.
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References
Cerri, N. M. (2022).
Emergency Management Insights for US Government–Lessons Learned
from Natural Disasters and Areas of Conflict
(Doctoral dissertation, San Diego State
University).
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). (2020).
Homeland Threat Assessment
. Homeland
Security.
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-
threat-assessment.pdf
English Standard Version Bible
. (2002)
Hodgson, L. (2021). How Violent Attacks Are Changing The Demands of Mass Casualty
Incidents: A Review of The Challenges Associated with Intentional Mass Casualty
Incidents.
Hoena, B. (2019).
The Boston Marathon Bombing: Running for Their Lives
. Tangled History.
Hojman, H., Rattan, R., Osgood, R., Yao, M., & Bugaev, N. (2019). Securing the emergency
department during terrorism incidents: lessons learned from the Boston Marathon
Bombings.
Disaster medicine and public health preparedness
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(4), 791–798.
Johnson, D. W., Mulvoy, W. P., & Lisco, S. J. Biological, Natural, and Human-Induced Disasters:
The Role of the Anesthesiologist.
Kapucu, N., Özerdem, A., & Sadiq, A. A. (2022).
Managing emergencies and crises: Global
Perspectives
. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
LaLone, N., Toups, Z., & Tapia, A. (2020). The structure of citizen bystander offering behaviors
immediately after the Boston Marathon bombing.
Analysis of Major Events
8
Makwana, N. (2019). Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review.
Journal of
family medicine and primary care
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Naushad, V. A., Bierens, J. J., Nishan, K. P., Firjeeth, C. P., Mohammad, O. H., Maliyakkal, A.
M., ... & Schreiber, M. D. (2019). A systematic review of the impact of the disaster on
the mental health of medical responders.
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Oktari, R. S., Munadi, K., Idroes, R., & Sofyan, H. (2020). Knowledge management practices in
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