Week 2 Annotated Bibliography

1 Annotated Bibliography Assignment For each of four (4) scholarly* sources that will be used in your Argumentative Research Paper , cite in APA format (as it would appear on a Reference page), and answer the following questions . Each numbered question must be appropriately answered in complete sentences to receive credit for that section. *Remember that newspapers and magazines are not scholarly. Refer to the Wilmington University Library Guide to Evaluating Sources to inform your choice of sources. Source 1: Reference page entry in APA format Finke, J., & Chan, J. (2022). The Case for Supervised Injection Sites in the United States. American Family Physician , 105 (5), 454–455. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0500/p454.html#afp20220500p4 54-b3 Author (if many authors listed, choose one you can most easily find information on) 1. Who is the author? 2. What is his/her occupation, position, education, experience, etc.? 3. Is the author qualified (or not) to write the article? 1. Jorge Finke MD 2. University of Massachusetts medical school, MD, medical editing fellow for American Family Physician 3. Yes, he has medical background and knowledge Purpose 1. What is the purpose for writing the article or doing the research? Tip: If you are using a scholarly journal article, the answer is likely found in the Abstract. 1. To bring awareness to the opioid epidemic and increasing overdose deaths in the US and advocating for expanding harm reduction/safe injection sites. Intended Audience 1. To what audience is the author writing? Is it intended for the general public, for scholars, policy makers, teachers, professionals, practitioners, etc.? 2. Is this reflected in the author's style of writing or presentation? ( Example: Yes, the author uses higher-level diction and professional language. The document is heavily documented .) 1. General public but more so physicians and physician organizations 2. Yes, the author encourages physicians and organizations to write letters to the senators and representatives as well as speaking in support Author Bias 1. Does the author have a bias or make assumptions upon which the rationale of the article or research rests? ( Example: Yes. The author is writing on Right to Die legislation assuming his audience is Catholic.) 1. It appears he is not biased, is supporting purpose with studies

2 Information Source 1. What method of obtaining the data, or conducting the research, was employed by the author? (Example: The author performed original research OR The author relied on other’s research [meta-analysis]) 2. Is the article (or book) based on personal opinion or experience, interviews, library research, questionnaires, laboratory experiments, standardized personality tests, etc.? Tip: If this is a scientific journal article, the “Methods” section may detail this explicitly. 1. The author relied on other’s research 2. Library research of modeling studies, cost-benefit analysis, data from the CDC Author’s Conclusion 1. At what conclusion does the author arrive? 2. Do you agree? 1. United States should expand supervised injections sites to lower overdose death rates 2. Yes, I agree Relationshi p to Other Works (1 paragraph response) Explain how this work “fits” with everything else you’ve read. The questions below can prompt you. 1. How does the study compare with similar studies? 2. Is it in tune with or in opposition to conventional wisdom, established scholarship, professional practice, government policy, etc.? 3. Are there specific studies, writings, schools of thought, philosophies, etc., with which this one agrees or disagrees and that one should be aware? 4. Compare/contrasts perspectives, consider counter arguments or opposing positions, and draw original and thoughtful conclusions with future implications. This study compares with similar studies in that evidence shows these safe injection sites will benefit the community by decreasing overdose deaths, decrease infectious disease rates, and several other benefits. It is not in tune with current government policy in which the U.S. Justice Department is fighting to open sites. This work disagrees with the concerns of sites leading to increased criminal activity which is explained that is not supported by evidence. Citing a Source In- text In the space below, add any quotes that you found notable or that you are considering adding to your paper. Use an in-text citation (Last Name, date of publication, page or paragraph number) for ease of use later. Example: (Jones, 2019, p. 161) Patients who have opioid use disorder deserve access to safe, effective harm reduction interventions that save lives and connect them to treatment ( Finke & Chan, 2022).

4 2. Library research on previously collected evidence, data Author’s Conclusion 1. At what conclusion does the author arrive? 2. Do you agree? 1. Legislation should be in favor of evidence-based harm reduction 2. Yes Relationship to Other Works (1 paragraph response) Explain how this work “fits” with everything else you’ve read. The questions below can prompt you. 1. How does the study compare with similar studies? 2. Is it in tune with or in opposition to conventional wisdom, established scholarship, professional practice, government policy, etc.? 3. Are there specific studies, writings, schools of thought, philosophies, etc., with which this one agrees or disagrees and that one should be aware? 4. Compare/contrasts perspectives, consider counter arguments or opposing positions, and draw original and thoughtful conclusions with future implications. This study agrees with the benefits of safe injection sites. It is not in tune with government policy, which is the purpose of this article, to use the evidence to encourage policy changes in favor of injection sites. This article is addressing the counter arguments which I plan on also addressing in my paper. Citing a Source in- text In the space below, add any quotes that you found notable or that you are considering adding to your paper. Use an in-text citation (Last Name, date of publication, page or paragraph number) for ease of use later. Example: (Jones, 2019, p. 161) Ultimately, these facilities appear to help advance the very goals that their opponents espouse ( Zlotorzynska et al., 2013). Source 3: Reference page entry in APA format Kral, A. H., & Davidson, P. J. (2017). Addressing the Nation’s Opioid Epidemic: Lessons from an Unsanctioned Supervised Injection Site in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 53 (6), 919–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.010 Author (if many authors listed, choose one you can most easily find information on) 1. Who is the author? 2. What is his/her occupation, position, education, experience, etc.? 3. Is the author qualified (or not) to write the article? 1. Peter J. Davidson

5 2. PhD, affiliated with Division of Global Public Health University of California, San Diego 3. Yes, has written other similar peer reviewed articles addressing opioids and harm reduction Purpose 1. What is the purpose for writing the article or doing the research? Tip: If you are using a scholarly journal article, the answer is likely found in the Abstract. 1. Bringing awareness to the need of sanctioned supervised injection sites Intended Audience 1. To what audience is the author writing? Is it intended for the general public, for scholars, policy makers, teachers, professionals, practitioners, etc.? 2. Is this reflected in the author's style of writing or presentation? (Example: Yes, the author uses higher-level diction and professional language. The document is heavily documented.) 1. General public, policy makers, practitioners 2. The article includes evidence but is easy to follow for the general public Author Bias 1. Does the author have a bias or make assumptions upon which the rationale of the article or research rests? ( Example: Yes. The author is writing on Right to Die legislation assuming his audience is Catholic.) 1. No Information Source 1. What method of obtaining the data, or conducting the research, was employed by the author? (Example: The author performed original research OR The author relied on other’s research [meta-analysis]) 2. Is the article (or book) based on personal opinion or experience, interviews, library research, questionnaires, laboratory experiments, standardized personality tests, etc.? Tip: If this is a scientific journal article, the “Methods” section may detail this explicitly. 1. The author relied on other’s research 2. Studies, questionnaires/surveys Author’s Conclusion 1. At what conclusion does the author arrive? 2. Do you agree? 1. The need of sanctioned supervised injections sites 2. Yes Relationship to Other Works (1 paragraph response) Explain how this work “fits” with everything else you’ve read. The questions below can prompt you. 1. How does the study compare with similar studies?

7 2. Is this reflected in the author's style of writing or presentation? (Example: Yes, the author uses higher-level diction and professional language. The document is heavily documented.) 1. General public and government for funding to run the service 2. Yes, professional language but easy to follow Author Bias 1. Does the author have a bias or make assumptions upon which the rationale of the article or research rests? ( Example: Yes. The author is writing on Right to Die legislation assuming his audience is Catholic.) 1. I do not believe the author has a bias Information Source 1. What method of obtaining the data, or conducting the research, was employed by the author? (Example: The author performed original research OR The author relied on other’s research [meta-analysis]) 2. Is the article (or book) based on personal opinion or experience, interviews, library research, questionnaires, laboratory experiments, standardized personality tests, etc.? Tip: If this is a scientific journal article, the “Methods” section may detail this explicitly. 1. The author relied on other’s research 2. Research sites, study design, data, analytic methods Author’s Conclusion 1. At what conclusion does the author arrive? 2. Do you agree? 1. Safe injection sites offer direct savings 2. Yes Relationship to Other Works (1 paragraph response) Explain how this work “fits” with everything else you’ve read. The questions below can prompt you. 1. How does the study compare with similar studies? 2. Is it in tune with or in opposition to conventional wisdom, established scholarship, professional practice, government policy, etc.? 3. Are there specific studies, writings, schools of thought, philosophies, etc., with which this one agrees or disagrees and that one should be aware? 4. Compare/contrasts perspectives, consider counter arguments or opposing positions, and draw original and thoughtful conclusions with future implications. Studies compare with previous sources and are additional supportive data highlighting the benefits of safe injections sites in the communities with high overdose rates and where needed. It addresses the concerns of counter arguments with data. Citing a Source In- Text In the space below, add any quotes that you found notable or that you are considering adding to your paper. Use an in-text citation (Last Name, date of publication, page or paragraph number) for ease of use later. Example: (Jones, 2019, p. 161)

8 Each overdose that is managed at the SCS produces approximately $1600 CAD in cost savings, with a savings of over $2.3 million for the lifetime of the program ( Khair et al., 2022 ).