BHA-FPX4002_HernandezSolange_Assessment1-1

3 increase in hospitals within the United States even though a shift on how they were utilized occurred. There was a decrease of beds utilized for long-term care facilities while community hospitals increased their capacity (History of Hospitals 2011). Throughout this time intensive care units and machines became more prevalent where by 1965 the majority of intensive care units are being staffed by increasingly expert nurses (History of Hospitals 2011). By the 2000s technology has advance to the point where wearable sensors started to appear allowed data collection could be partly or completely automated therefore reducing the strain on doctors (Junaid et al 2022). Furthermore, within the 2000s a reduction in mortality for patients admitted to hospitals within the United States occurred (Zimmerman et al 2013) Staff Education In the 1800s, medical staff education was limited since poorly trained doctors opened their own medical schools as diploma mills to make money therefore, to attract students many traditional academic requirements were removed. Once they have become a physician they were not paid and had to volunteer in hospitals as a way to gain experience (Zand 2018). Then during the mid 1900s alternative pathways to a medical degree were implemented, which shorten the overall time required to train a physician by combining three years of undergraduate courses and three years of medical school (Schwartz et al 2018). In 1963 the Health Professions Education Assistance Program was implemented which increased authorization of funding which required schools to ensure an increasing percentage of first year residents within affiliated hospitals were reserved for primary care training (Schwartz et al 2018). During 1990-2003 medical school tuition and fees grew from 83%-167%, with no difference in cost seen between the three years medical school and four-year medical school (Schwartz et al 2018). However, dissatisfaction has

6 coverage for low-income population (Zhao et al 2020). These changes within the years have allowed more individuals to have affordable healthcare. Conclusion In conclusion, hospital care evolution has been on an upward trend. Due to advancements in education standards for doctors’ patients are able to trust that they are receiving the upmost care during their time of need. Doctors are now able to send patients for medical imaging which allow them to non-invasively diagnose patients. With these advancement in technology more treatment options started to become available for patients which weren’t possible before. With all these new tools at the doctor’s disposal medical cost have been on the rise leaving patients with a financial burden. However, over the years new policies have been implemented which allowed induvial access to health insurance which help cover the expenses.

9 Appendix   Comparative Analysis Table: Hospital Care Evolution   Subject/Topic   1800s   1960s   2000s   Hospital Environment   (Describe the overall hospital environment.)      Poor and isolated received care (Zand 2018)  Poor and “insane” went to die (Zand 2018)   Increase in hospitals ( History of Hospitals 2011)  Intensive care units grew ( History of Hospitals 2011)  Decrease in mortality ( Zimmerman et al 2013)  Wearable sensors ( Junaid et al 2022) Medical Staff Education Level   (Describe the care providers and their education levels.)      Small for Profit (Zand 2018)  Volunteered for experience (Zand 2018)  Health Education Assistance Program ( Schwartz et al 2018)  Three + three program ( Schwartz et al 2018)  Rise in medical school cost ( Schwartz et al 2018)  3 year program guarantee residency ( Schwartz et al 2018) Level of Care   (Describe the quality of care for each century and if it improved.)       Middle/Upper Class home visits (Zand 2018)  Poor responsible for illness (Zand 2018)  Heart Catheterization (Zand 2018)  Computed Tomography introduced (Garrett et al 2013)  Wearable sensors, uninterrupted evaluation (Junaid et al 2022).  Improve coverage, seeking care (Zhao et al 2020). Paying for Care   (Describe how care was paid for.)    Wealthy donated money to hospitals (Zand 2018)  Patients didn’t pay at hospitals (Zand 2018)  Medicare and Medicaid of 1965 ( Siracusa, J.M. 2012)  Insurance for those sixty-five and older ( Siracusa, J.M. 2012)  Insurance for those not covered by Social Security ( Siracusa, J.M. 2012)  Affordable Care Act (Zhao et al 2020)  Dependent coverage expansion (Zhao et al 2020)  Improved coverage for low-income (Zhao et al 2020)