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May 23, 2024

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To: Dianne Pearman From: Alejandra Rangel Date: February 25, 2022 Subject: Audience Analysis Memo- Therapeutic Hypothermia The purpose of this memo is to provide a comparison between two articles that have the same topic but are aimed at a different audience. The topic that I have chosen is therapeutic hypothermia (TH). The first article that I chose is by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The primary audience is individuals that are specialized in the field of critical care. The second article that I choose is from Hopkins Medicine (HM). This article can also be aimed at individuals with a medical background, but the primary audience is aimed for individuals that have no prior knowledge of therapeutic hypothermia and why would it be needed in certain situations. Article #1: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2565288 Article #2: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/therapeutic- hypothermia-after-cardiac-arrest#:~:text=Therapeutic%20hypothermia%20is%20a%20type,temperature %20for%20a%20short%20time . Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) is a treatment used to reduce brain damage post-cardiac arrest when the person does not regain consciousness. The two articles give an overview as to when would TH be necessary, but they have different objectives for readers to understand. The primary audience for the JAMA article is targeted at professionals with an educational background in medicine, such as doctors, nurses, healthcare researchers. These individuals have knowledge in cardiac arrest, cardiac rhythms, neurological overview, return of spontaneous circulation, ability to decipher statistics with sample studies and population studies. The second article by Hopkins Medicine is targeted at a broader audience. The primary audience for this article does not need a background in the medical field. The reader can be a patient that underwent TH, a family member of the patient undergoing TH, a student learning more about this topic. In both articles, a reader must be of 18 years or older. The targeted audiences are men and women. No preferred cultural background is necessary to read both articles. The JAMA article uses a cohort study using the US National GWGTG resuscitation registry, which is sponsored by the American Heart Association. The study compares the survival outcomes of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and favorable neurological outcomes. The conclusion of the article may persuade the reader to reconsider TH as a treatment for in-hospital cardiac arrest. To avoid biased opinions, the article's main study used the US national registry to choose their candidates that met the criteria of being18 years or older, achieved Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) post cardiac arrest as an in-hospital patient, and survived the first 24 hours post-cardiac arrest. Another way to prevent manipulation of data, the study excluded all hospitals that did not use TH post-cardiac arrest. The JAMA article uses medical jargon. An example of this is when comparing the best neurological outcome by
“separately examining the cardiac arrest by non-shockable and shockable rhythms” (JAMA, 2016, para. 4). Pulseless Electrical Activity and Asystole are known as non-shockable rhythms, and Shockable rhythms include Ventricular fibrillation or pulseless Ventricular tachycardia. The HM article is an informational piece that does not try to persuade the reader’s opinion. The article's writing style is formal by avoiding emotional connection to the readers, and staying in the objective path, which is to educate the reader about TH. Although both articles give an insight into TH, they have different objectives. The JAMA article's objective is to determine if TH is associated with better outcomes for survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest. The JAMA article also follows a formal style of writing, by using full sentences and avoiding first person pronouns. The Hopkins Medicine article is an educational piece as to why TH may be needed and what are the risks associated with the treatment. The JAMA article results concluded that the use of TH is not associated with improved survival outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest. However, the JAMA article does not discredit the advantages of using TH in post-cardiac arrests that were outside of the hospital. The JAMAL article makes a connection with the readers by proposing that a reason that outcomes were not improved for inpatient cardiac arrest is due to the majority beginning with PEA and Asystole, which have a lower outcome of survival (JAMA, 2016, para. 9). The JAMA article is made up of 35 paragraphs and the average paragraph is made up of 6-8 full sentences. The Hopkins Medicine article has 17 paragraphs, and on average is made up of 3-4 full sentences. In both of the articles, there is no use of tables, graphs, or illustrations. The websites of both articles do not have advertising but do have other links to information regarding healthcare. For both of these articles, the reader can conclude that the writer is an expert on this topic. The audiences for both articles are open to learning more about this subject. Both of these articles can be used to propose changes in the medical field or simply to gain more knowledge. References: Hopkins Medicine (2022) Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/therapeutic-hypothermia- after-cardiac-arrest#:~:text=Therapeutic%20hypothermia%20is%20a%20type,temperature%20for%20a %20short%20time . JAMA (2016 ) Association between Therapeutic Hypothermia and Survival after In- Hospital Cardiac Arrest. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2565288
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