PSA 3

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Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis *

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103

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Pre-Session Assignment (PSA) #3 Name ______________________________________________ Complete the vocabulary-matching sections and at least the first three objectives for each chapter. Doing so will prepare you for recitations and for the quizzes. You are highly encouraged to complete the rest of the objectives to keep you on track and so you can ask for clarification during recitation. All answers can be found in the textbook, even if a section has not yet been covered in lecture. Please complete and turn in one hour before the designated weekly recitation time via canvas. Chapter 31 Objectives: Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes 1 __G_ one of two body forms of cnidarians __B_ an ear-like flap that is involved in chemical detection and not sound reception _C__ organisms that have two connected halves to the shell such as clams; each half is called a valve __H_ organism in which the parasite passes through sexual development; site of sexual reproduction __E_ one of two body forms of cnidarians (jellyfish form) __A_ the rings seen on the surface of some organisms such as leeches or earthworms __D_ a specialized cell found in cnidarians that is used in feeding and protection __J_ a light sensing structure that lacks a lens so not thought to form an image __F_ a net-like formation of nerves __I_ having separate males and females __L_ a fluid filled compartment upon which muscles contact and produce movement in animals __N_ a sheet of epithelial tissue that covers the visceral mass (internal organs) in mollusks _M__ organism in which the parasite passes through the asexual stage of development; site of asexual reproduction __K_ a central cavity in which digestion occurs; it has a mouth only and no anus __O_ having both male and female reproductive structures on the same organism __P_ phylum containing the flat worms __Y_ individual body segment of cestodes, tapeworms __1_ a belt of teeth (chiton) in the mouth of some mollusks, used to scrape the substrate or make a hole in a shell __z_ one of several types of structures that function in osmoregulation, it has flame cells with cilia on the internal end where the fluid is collected from the interstitium __2_ the anterior end of a cestode (tapeworm) on which the holdfast structures (attachment structures) used to attach to the host’s intestine are located __6_ internal organs __4_ a stiff hair-like structure, bristle, it can be found on the outside of the individual segments of an earthworm __5_ a multinucleated cell arising from the fusion of individual cells or the specialize connection via gap junctions as seen in the heart muscle __3_ a dividing “wall” such as the tissue dividing the individual segments of an earthworm A. Annulus B. Auricle C. Bivalve D. Cnidocyte E. Medusa F. Nerve Net G. Polyp H. Definitive Host I. Dioecious J. Eyespot K. Gastrovascular Cavity L. Hydrostatic Skeleton M. Intermediate Host N. Mantle O. Monoecious P. Platyhelminthes Q. Parazoa S. Amoeboid Cell V. Mesophyll Y. Proglottid Z. Protonephridia 1. Radula 2. Scolex 3. Septum 4. Seta 5. Syncytium 6. Visceral Mass

1. Describe the distinguishing features and structure of phylum Cnidaria Some of the most noticeable features include radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity responsible for digestion, and mesoglea making up one of their two layers. 2 . Describe distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Nematoda including sexual dimorphism Some of the most notable characteristics include an unsegmented body, a pseudocoelom, and a complete digestive system. 3 . Describe the structure and function of a cnidocyte Cnidocytes are specialized cells found within Cnidaria that are responsible for the immobilization of prey, their structure primarily consists of a capsule(used to sting or strike), and a tubule (responsible for rapid discharge of the toxin release mechanism. 4 . Name and describe the two body forms and four classes of cnidarians 5. Describe the general characteristics of lophotrochozoans and name the associated phyla 6. Identify distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 7. Name and give examples of the four classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes. Name, describe features and characteristics of Class Turbellaria 8 . Name, describe features and characteristics of Phylum Mollusca 2

9 . Give examples of the three main classes of Phylum Mollusca 10 . Identify distinguishing characteristics of annelids (Phylum Annelida) 11. Name, describe the features and characteristics, and give examples of the three main groups (classes) of annelids 12. Describe general characteristics of ecdyzoans and name the associated phyla 13. Name, describe, and give examples of parasitic nematodes 14. Describe general characteristics of arthropods 15. Name, describe the features and characteristics, and give examples of the associated subphyla and classes of arthropods Chapter 39 Objectives: Animal Structure and Function: An Introduction 3

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1. Name, describe, and give examples of epithelia classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers (Epithelium are named for cell shape and number of epithelial cell layers.) The type of epithelial tissue is typically based off of the combination of the cell shape along with cell layers, some examples include columnar epithelium which are normally rectangular, tall, and made up of only a single cell layer. Another example is squamous epithelial cells that are very flat and thin and are also made up of a single layer of cells. 2. Name and describe two major types of epithelial tissues and two major types of epithelial membranes 3. Compare and contrast the structure, function and location of the major types of connective tissue including the cells and fiber types (loose, dense, elastic, reticular, adipose, cartilage) (web helpful!) 4 __B_ cells that are tall and narrow __A_ tough fibrous proteins that provide strength and resist stress __J_ secretes mucous to prevent tissue from drying out __M_ when cells appear to be present in multiple layers but they are not __C an organism that alters its internal environment to conform with the external environment __E_ an organism that relies on external heat to warm the body and stimulate metabolism __H_ maintaining an internal environment that fluctuates around an ideal condition such as maintaining body temperature __I_ maintaining a constant, nonvarying set of conditions __R_ flat, scale-like cells __D_ cells that are square or box shaped in appearance __K_ occurs when the response to a stressor is in the opposite direction of the stress __O_ thin, branched fibers of collagen and glycoprotein __F_ composed of elastin and return to original shape when stretched __L_ occurs when the response to a stressor is in the direction of the stress __G_ an organism that generates body heat internally from metabolic reactions __Q_ having more than one layer of cells __P_ secretes fluid into the body cavity it lines __N_ an animal that regulates its internal environment independent of the external environment A. Collagen Fibers B. Columnar C. Conformer D. Cuboidal E. Ectotherm F. Elastic Fiber G. Endotherm H. Homeostasis I. Homostasis J. Mucous Membrane K. Negative Feedback L. Positive Feedback M. Pseudostratified N. Regulator O. Reticular Fibers P. Serous Membrane Q. Stratified R. Squamous

Loose connective tissue is a network of collagen and elastic like fibers that provides a cushion like structure to different organs throughout the body(typically underneath the skin). Dense connective tissue is used to increase ligament strength and is typically found around the tendons. Elastic tissue serves to preserve other tissues and help them bounce back after being stretched, reticular tissue serves as a framework for bone marrow and other organs, typically found in lymph nodes, and bone marrow. 4. Describe the basic characteristics of epithelial tissues 5. Define and distinguish between tissues, organs, and systems 5