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Hydronic Cooling System Using HVAC Solution – Pro Student Edition EML 2523 – Experimental Methodology Dr. DavoodMoslemian Amar Rajbhandari Kristy Plaut

Abstract The main objective of this project was to design a hydronic cooling system with the use of HVAC Solutions – Pro Student Version. The cooling system was designed for a specific two story building. The layout of the building was given on a blue print with a scale of¼ inch: 1 feet. The blueprint was mapped on HVAC; length of the pipe, entering and existing temperature and flow rate for each unit and control valve rating were used as inputs. The lengths were measured using engineer’s scale and the input temperatures and flow rate were taken from the blueprint chart. The HVAC software then determined the total head loss of 83.8ft, diameter of pipe and flow rate for each section, total power required for the chiller and each air handling unit which is shown in table 1 and figure 6 . Five random points were taken to perform hand calculations and compare the accuracy of the HVAC software. 4 out of 5 diameters of the selected section matched. After verifying the accuracy, a pump, model number TA-0624was recommended for this system which has the highest efficiency. 1

Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 2 List of figures ............................................................................................................................................... 3 List of tables ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Nomenclature .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Background Theory ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Apparatus Used ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Data and Results ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 14 Recommendation ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 16 References ................................................................................................................................................. 17 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................... 19 2

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List of figures Figure 1: HVAC solution emblem ................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 2: Page M2 of blueprint - detail map of second floor ....................................................................... 7 Figure 3: ISO emblem .................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 4: Detail mapping of the chiller with all fittings .............................................................................. 11 Figure 5: detail mapping of the Air Handling Unit with all fittings ............................................................. 11 Figure 6: Overview of the HVAC map, including first and second floor ...................................................... 12 3

List of tables Table 1: Power needed for each unit - calculated from HVAC .................................................................... 13 Table 2: Hand Calculation to compare the output from HVAC ................................................................... 14 4

Nomenclature d = diameter v = velosity Q = flow rate h = headloss BTU H = British ThermalUnit per hour GPM = gallons per minute 5

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Introduction HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. HVAC cooling systems areused in medium to large non-residential buildings such as schools, warehouses, large retail stores, industrial buildings, skyscrapers, etc. These systems are crucial to have in buildings to maintain a comfortable temperature, and an odor free space for a working and living environment. These systems also prevent the growth of mold and other bacteria which strive in humid warm areas and can be hazardous to human health.To determine the type and the size of the HVAC system for certain buildings, there are different people involved, such as building service designers, mechanical engineers, and architects. Building permits and code-compliance inspections for all buildings are also required in order to assure the system is safe, cost efficient, and meets the ISO Standards. The program HVAC Solutions – Pro Student Edition will be used in the designing of the system. Blue prints of the building are given by the instructor with an exact scale of 1inch on the paper equals 4ft in true dimensions. There are 12 air handling units in total in the system, 1-7 and 12 are on the first floor and 8-11 are on the second. After constructing the hair-handling units and the chiller, the pipes are mapped out based off the blue prints and the system is modeled. Conclusions will be drawn from the HVAC program, then the recommendation of the proper pump can be concluded based off Taco Pump. 6 Figure 1: HVAC solution emblem

7 Figure 2: Page M2 of blueprint - detail map of second floor

Background Theory HVAC engineers are the engineers used to design the system. The majority of the HVAC engineers are in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The designs used in HVAC today are based off the accomplishments and data found by ASHRAE. This organization has committees whom are constantly meeting up to share experience and discuss HVAC systems to improve the efficiency and the technology of the systems. Figure 3: ISO emblem To design an HVAC system for a building, it is crucial that the engineers involved in the project follows the ISO standards. The ISO building environment standard for indoor air quality is ISO 16813:2006. This standard requires the system to provide a healthy indoor environment, provide the constraints concerning sustainability issues considered in all of the designing process, and for the area to have control of thermal comfort, acoustical comfort, visual comfort, energy efficiency and HVAC system controls according to “iso.org .” For HVAC systems, an important topic to understand in order to keep the air healthy, comfortable and odorless is “room air distribution.” Room air distribution characterizes how air is moved from the outside atmosphere, flows through the building, and is removed.When air enters from the cool air supply, it enters at high velocity, creating turbulence in the air and causes the room air to mix with the cool air. Diffusers are commonly used as outlets to create high velocity supply air steam to distribute the flow of the air and enhance the mixing. To fully understand the blue print and how to model the system, it is important to understand each page on the blue print. The last pages (M6 of blueprint) explains exactly how the chiller operates in the system and all of the valves, pump, etc. that are needed to be connected to the chiller in order for it to work. 8

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After designing the HVAC system on HVAC Solutions – Pro, it is important to verify the results by hand calculations. The equation used is: Q = VA Where, Q = flow rate,V = velocity , A = area Expand the equation and solve for d : Q = V ∗ π 4 ∗ d 2 d 2 = Q V ∗ π 4 d = √ 4 Q Vπ ( Equation 1 ) Excel was used to calculate d using EQ.1 and values for Q and V . From there, the standard pipe sizes were selected . 9

Apparatus Used  HVAC Solutions – Pro is the program used to complete the project.  Windows OS – to operate all software  VMware to access FAU server remotely  Engineer’s triangle ruler was used to measure the lengths of the pipe . 10

Procedure All required input data was included in the blueprint. The detail layout of first and second floor can be found on pages M3 and M4. First, based on figure 11 on blueprint M6, a detail of air handling unit with all fittings (figure 5) was made in HVAC followed by a detail of chiller with all required fittings (figure 4) based on figure 12 on blueprint M6. After measuring the lengths and converted to the required scale, a replica map was made in the HVAC as shown in figure 6 . Entering temperature and exiting temperature for all units was set to 45˚C and 55˚C respectively. The flow rate and control valve for each unit was set according to the first table found on page M6 of blueprint. Figure 4: Detail mapping of the chiller with all fittings Figure 5: detail mapping of the Air Handling Unit with all fittings 11

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Data and Results Figure 6: Overview of the HVAC map, including first and second floor 12

Figure 6 shows the final HVAC map of the entire system. Detail zoomed view is attached in the appendix. Table 1, below shows the power needed for each unit in BTU/H. The diameter for each section and total head loss are shown in figure 6. Table 1: Power needed for each unit - calculated from HVAC Entering T Exiting T Q CV Power Units ˚ F ˚ F gpm rating BTU/H AHU-1 45 55 12.3 5.5 61500 AHU-2 45 55 11.6 5.2 58000 AHU-3 45 55 23.5 9.9 117500 AHU-4 45 55 23.5 10.5 117500 AHU-5 45 55 20.9 9.3 104500 AHU-6 45 55 20.9 9.3 104500 AHU-7 45 55 7.5 3.4 37500 AHU-8 45 55 7.8 3.5 39000 AHU-9 45 55 8.6 3.8 43000 AHU-10 45 55 18.1 8.1 90500 AHU-11 45 55 18.2 8.1 91000 AHU-12 45 55 8.7 3.9 43500 Chiller 45 55 184.2 N/A 908300 13

Discussion The total head loss came out to be 83.8 ft which is more than expected value. The flow rate for the system came out to be 181.6 GPM whereas according to the blueprint the flow rate of the chiller should be 184.2 GPM. The number of elbows and tee junction and the type of fittings used could be a major factor for getting different numbers. All the numbers looks acceptable. Total power needed for the entire system was 908300 BTU/H. Hand calculations were also performed to check the accuracy of the HVAC. Five points were chosen at random and diameter was calculated using equation 1. Table 1 shows the numbers obtained from HVAC and hand calculation. Out of five random points, diameter of the pipe for four points matched. On section 4, hand calculated diameter was 1.5” and HVAC calculated diameter was 2”. Table 2: Hand Calculation to compare the output from HVAC Velocity Q Q Diameter Diameter D- selected HVAC Section ft/s gpm ft^3/s ft inches Std pipe in inches Diameter inches 1 4 12.3 0.03 0.09 1.12 1.25 1.25 2 4 11.6 0.03 0.09 1.09 1.25 1.25 3 4 32.6 0.07 0.15 1.82 2 2 4 4 20.9 0.05 0.12 1.46 1.5 2 5 4 50.4 0.11 0.19 2.27 2.5 2.5 14

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Recommendation The pump was chosen using the pump selection wizard on taco-hvac.com. This is the highest efficiency (74%) pump for our requirements. Model: TA0624 Specifications Flow: 181.6 gpm Head: 83.8 ft RPM: 1760 Imp Dia.: 9.1 Size: 3 x 2 1/2 Eff 74% HP 5.18 NOL HP 7.28 NPSH 4 ft 15

Conclusion Using HVAC Solutions – Pro, a hydronic cooling system for a two-story building was modeled. The cooling system was displayed on a blue print and designed for a two-story building. The length of the pipe, entering temperature, exiting temperature, and the flow rate for each unit and control valve, were entered in as the inputs. HVAC calculated the head loss of the pump (83.8ft), diameter of the pipes, flow rate for each section and the total power required for the chiller (908300 BTU/H). The results are shown in table 1 and figure 6. To verify the diameters of the pipes, hand calculated results were done using EQ.1. The diameters from the hand calculations all matched the diameters calculated in HVAC with the exception of section 4 . It is assumed that there was an error when entering the air handler conditions, which caused the verification diameter to be different from the HVAC diameter . HVAC calculated section 4’s diameter to be 2”, whereas the hand calculations calculated the diameter as 1.46”≈ 1.5” (in standard pipe size). After verifying the diameters and evaluating the system, a pump from Taco- hvac.com was determined as the most efficient pump for the system. The pump’s model number is TA- 0624 and it is the pump recommended for the system designed. 16

References 1. "Building Environment Design -- Indoor Environment -- General Principles." ISO 16813:2006 . N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. <http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41300>. 2. White, Frank M. "Chapter 11." Fluid Mechanics . 7th Edition ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986. N. page. Print 3. "Taco-Hvac." Taco-Hvac . N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. <http://www.taco-hvac.com/>. 17

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